Mbiri Yodziwika
Khalidwe lakale Nikolai Gogol "Shinel". Wogwira ntchito wosauka wa petersburg muudindo wa alangizi a chazachipembedzo. Bambo wachinyamata, wonyoza kosatha m'mbali mwa achinyamata. Mapeto, chifukwa cha umphawi ndi kusasunga, amwalira ndikukhala mzimu.Mbiri Yolengedwa
"Shinel" imaphatikizidwa mu "testersbune" ya Niolai "ya Nikolai Gogol. Nkhaniyi idasindikizidwa koyamba kumapeto kwa 1842 ngati gawo lachitatu la zopereka za Gogol. Nthabwala inali imukisoni ya nkhani ya Gogol, yemwe ankayenda pakati pa olemba maudindo - za wogwira ntchito wosauka yemwe watambasula ndalama kuti agule mfuti, kenako nkutaya.
Amadziwika kuti mu 1839, gogol anali atatsogolera kale kuti agwire ntchito pa nkhani inayake, komwe kunali boma lomwe limabanso. Zoyambira kuchokera ku mtundu woyamba walembalo zasungidwa, pamapeto pake zimatsimikizira kuti poyamba nkhaniyo inali yoseketsa kwambiri kuposa ofesi yomaliza, yodziwika bwino.
Gwirani ntchito nkhaniyo pomwe wolemba adapita kudziko lina. Chaka ndi theka, Gogol adakhala ku Italy ndi Austria ndipo panthawiyi adabwereranso kulembapo katatu, koma sanabweretse nkhaniyi mpaka kumapeto. Chapakati pa 1841, wolembayo adamalizabe ntchitoyo mokakamizidwa ndi wofalitsayo. Nthawi yomweyo, gogol amagwira ntchito ina ndi kalembedwe kake ka Italy ndipo, mwina, ntchitoyi inali yokonda.
Mu matembenuzidwe oyamba nkhaniyo, munthu wamkuluyo adatchedwa Akaki Tishkevich. Pambuyo pake, wolemba adasinthiratu kuti ngwazi ya Bashmakevich. Zovuta za malembanso zinasinthanso patapita nthawi, zamakhalidwe zidatsalira pa nkhaniyi, koma panali zolankhula zambiri komanso za patties. Panthawiyo, mutu wa "munthu wamng'ono", wotchuka "woseketsa komanso wachifundo wolembedwa ndipo adasindikizidwa, chifukwa chake sanamvere ku Gogol.
Pambuyo pa buku loyamba la 1842, lembalo silinawerengenso. Komabe, pambuyo pake mphamvu ya nkhaniyo pa olemba enieni a kumapeto kwa zaka za XIX idayesedwa. Gogol amatsutsa dongosolo la zochitika nthawi imeneyo komanso malo ochezera a anthu omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa ozungulira kalasi yake malinga ndi tabel pafupi. Otsutsa akumadzulo adawona mu nkhani ya gogol wamba wamba ndi nkhani zachinsinsi za Ernst Theodore Hoffman.
Wolemba Vladimir Nazokov adakhala ofanana pakati pa "chinl" a Gogol ndi nthano za Franz Kafnz Kafn "Kusintha". Mtsogoleri womvetsa chisoni komanso wonyozeka komanso wopanda pake komanso wosakhulupirika amene anayamba kusunthira ena, m'nkhani ya Gogol adathawa chipolopolo cha wogwira ntchito yaying'ono ndikusintha kukhala mzukwa. Zithunzi zozungulira ngwazi zikuwonetsedwa ndi Grotode ndi woipa.
"Shinel"
Akaki Bashmachkin amakhala ku St. Petersburg ndipo akutumikiranso muudindo wa kazembe wa Timelo. Bashmachkin ndi munthu wocheperako komanso wosafunikira amene amakonda ntchito yazomwe amathandizira, makamaka kulemba malembawo. Ngwazi yankhondo imakwaniritsa ntchito zambiri, koma udindo womwe uli nawo dipatimenti imatenga ndalama zopanda pake. Bashmachkin amapeza malipiro a benchi ndipo nthawi zonse amakhala chinthu chonyozedwa kwa ogwira ntchito achichepere.
Ndalama sizimapatsa ngwaziyo kudzipereka ndi zovala. Bashmachkin imanyamula chibwale chakale, chomwe chimakhazikika pamapeto pake. The ngwazi ndi ya mmero, koma akulengeza kuti sizingathandize kuthirira ziphuphuzi, chibwanocho chiyenera kukhala chatsopano.
Bashmushkin akuyesera kupulumutsa ndikukonzekera ndalama zosoka chidendene chatsopano. Ngwazi imasiya kupatsa zovala zamkati kuti zisambe zovala ndikuyenda kunyumba imodzi pachimbudzi chimodzi kuti zovala zisavalidwe, zimaponyera tiyi m'masikuwo ndikuwunikiranso makandulo. Zimakhala zoseketsa - kuti zindikirani sizingovala pang'ono, Bashmachkin amavomerezedwa kuti ayende ku Tiptoe.
Pofika tchuthi, ngwazi imapereka mphotho, ndipo amayamba kukhala wamkulu kwambiri kotero kuti mutha kupita kukagula zinthu zamtsogolo. Maloto a ngwazi amachitidwa, ndipo kamodzi m'mawa, onyada Bashmachkin amabwera ku dipatimenti mu zovala zatsopano. Anzake amatamandira chineli chatsopano ndikukondweretsa ngwazi ndi kugula, ndipo madzulo amapempha kuti apite ku dzina la m'modzi mwa ogwira ntchito.
Ngwazi imakhala mosangalatsa, koma mochedwa madzulo, pomwe Bashmachkin amabwerera pambuyo pa dzina kunyumba, ovutika omwe amachotsa chibwano kuchokera kwa iye. Mgonero wanyumba amalimbikitsa Bashmachku kuti mulumikizane ndi apolisi. Ngwaziyo imapita kumeneko tsiku lotsatira, koma izi sizibweretsa chilichonse. Tiyenera kupita kukagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti ya chipongwe chakale.
Anzake amalowetsedwa ku chisoni chachikulu ndipo amalangiza kuti asachoke pamlanduwu ndikupempha thandizo kwa munthu wotchuka. Komabe, a omwe adalimbikitsidwa ndi ngwazi, amangopendekera pa Bashmachkina ndipo sanathandize.
Kuyenda mu St. Berburg mu chipata chokalamba cham'mphepete komanso chisanu, Bashmalakin adadwala. Inde, sanachiritsidwe. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, ngwaziyo yafa, ndipo mzimu umawonekera mumzinda. Zikuwoneka ngati mgululi ngati mkulu wamphamvu yemwe amakhala penti ndi nzika ndi ndalama, ndi malaya, ndi zovala za ubweya.
Mzukwawo sunanene kuti kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo ena omwe amadziwa bwino a Boashmachkina panthawi ya moyo wake adadziwika kuti ali mbandakufa kwambiri. Mzimuwo utakumana mwangozi ndi munthu wamphamvu yemwe amakana ku Bashmachku pamoyo wake wonse, atachoka pachimake ndi pambuyo pake anthu sanawone. Braography ya ngwazi imatha.
Dzinalo "Akaki" lotanthauziridwa ku Greek limatanthawuza "ofatsa, osapanga zoyipa," ndipo izi zimafanana ndi ngwazi. Bashmushkin ndi bambo wa zaka makumi asanu ndi mawonekedwe osavomerezeka. Wotsika ndi wadazi, wofiyira, wokhala ndi nkhope yakhwima, mu mtundu wakale wovala.
Ngwazi yakeyo ilibe ngwazi, kapena olowa m'malo kapena nyumba yake. Bashmachkin adawombera chipinda kwa mkazi wina wakale yemwe ali m'malo osauka a mzindawo. Ngwatoyo ilibe maluso kapena maluso, mwayi wokhawo wa Bashmachkina ndi wolemba mawu. Ngakhale mawuwo ndi ngwazi zakubadwa ndi chisokonezo. Pachifukwa ichi, ngwazi ya nthawi yamuyaya idapempha kuti alembe pepala ndipo sanachite ntchito.
Bashmachkin adagwira ntchito mu dipatimenti moyo wake wonse ndipo sanakhale ndi zofuna zilizonse. Ngakhale kunyumba yake yopuma, ngwaziyo idalembedwanso zolemba, sizinasangalalidwe, sizinatenge nthawi pa kampaniyi ndipo sizinapite m'masiku. Mtundu wokongola wa ngwazi wa mkwiyo pa kunyozedwa ndi kulibe anthu wamba, komanso akunja. Nthawi yomweyo, munthuyo adakondwera ndi moyo wake ndipo adayamba kusamalira pang'ono pazomwe zidachitika.
Kutchinga
Filimu Yoyamba "Silili" idafika ku USSR mu 1926. Nkhani ya filimu yakuda ndi yoyera iyi idapangidwa ndi nkhani ziwiri za Gogol - "Shinel" ndi "nevsky". Udindo wa Akakia Bashmachina adasewera kusewera Ador Andrei Kostrikkin.
Mu 1952, kanemayo "il Cappotto" ("Shinel") adapita ndi Alberto Latthada adatuluka ku Italy. Ili ndi kumasulira kwaulere kwa gogol tani, komwe kumpoto kwa Italy kukakhala malo ochitira kanthu, ndipo nthawi - zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Udindo wa umunthu waukulu umachitika ndi Renator Renato Rassal.
Khalidwe limakhala ndi dzina la carmine de Carmine ndipo amagwira ntchito ngati ma suni pomwe amalandira malipiro ochepa. Ngwazi imafunikira chovala chatsopano, koma palibe ndalama yogulira. Kugonjera pang'ono, ngwazi imalamula chovalacho ndikubwerera ku tchuthi cholemekeza chaka chatsopano. Panjira yakunyumba, ngwazi imamenyedwa ndi achifwamba omwe amavula malaya ake. Kuzungulira kukana kwa Carmine mothandizidwa, ndipo iye afa chifukwa cha chisoni.
Kanema wotsatira adasindikizidwa mu 1954 ku UK wotchedwa "kudzutsidwa". Uwu ndi filimu yochepa, komwe gawo lalikulu lidasewera ndi Kitter Kitter, ndipo nkhaniyi yasinthidwa kwambiri. Wotsogolera adaphatikizidwa ndi script ya anisions ku Antitotopia "1984" George Ordell.
Mu 1959, kanema wina wa Soviet ndi Roland Bykov adasindikizidwa.