Chiphunzitso
Heinrich Heine ndi ndakatulo yaku Germany, yomwe ntchito yake ndi chitsanzo cha nthawi yachikondi m'mabuku. Buku la Anthu ndi Kutsutsa, adafotokoza zovuta zamakono m'makanema komanso mawonekedwe okongola. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, opanga abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi adapanga nyimbo za ndakatulo za ndakatulo ndikudziwa ntchito ya Heine pothandiza nyimbo.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Dzinalo lonse la wolemba ndi Akristu AHhann Heinrich Heine. Mnyamatayo adabadwa pa Disembala 13, 1797 ku Dusseldorf mu banja la Ayuda ndipo anali wamkulu mwa ana anayi. Abambo a Heine, Samisoni, malonda ogulitsa m'dera la Rhine. Mayi a Betty adabweretsa ana, koma anali ndi chidwi ndi ntchito za a Jean-Jaan Rousseau ndikuwonetsa kunenepa kwakukulu. Amakonda mwana wake wamwamuna ndikusamalira mtsogolo mwa mnyamatayo. Betty adawona loya wake, wazachuma kapena wachuma, koma tsoka la Heine Junior anali wosiyana.
Zaka za ana za ana za mnyamatayo zinagwera pa nthawi yakufaran. Pakadali pano, lilorinism limakula ku Europe, ndipo zochitika za mafashoni zimayankha mu dziko la anthu wolenga. Ali ndi zaka 13, Heinrich adalowa m'mphepete mwa Katolika. Mu 16, adakhala wothandizira muofesi ya Bannerfurt Banner, koma adapulumuka, popeza gawo ili silinakondwere naye. Kenako makolo anatumiza Mwanayo ku Hambagu, komwe mnyamatayo anazindikira za wamalondayo pansi pa wogwiritsa ntchito wogwiritsa ntchito amalume wachuma Solomoni.
Mu 1818, Henry adapereka kasamalidwe ka kampani yaying'ono. Sanalephere, osati lingaliro muakaunti. Nthawi yomweyo, heine adayamba kulankhula ndi abale ake. Amalume Simon Eldersed kuti bizinesi sinatulutsidwe kwa mwana wa mchimweneyo, namthandiza kuti alowe ku Yunivesite ya Bonn. Heinrich adaponya pa sayansi ya anthu, werengani ntchito za Cervante ndikuthamanga ndipo sanaganize moyo popanda mabuku. Amakondanso anthu ambiri, omwe amawonetsedwa m'malemba omwe adapanga pambuyo pake.
Heine adalowa mkangano wa boma la Yunivesite ya Bonn, ndipo posakhalitsa adasamutsidwira ku University wa Götungen. Chaka chotsatira, kupatula pang'ono chifukwa cha perekani, am'heberi sanasiyidwe. Zaka zake zaka zophunzira zidadziwika ndi mafumu ndi kulowa, koma mnyamatayo sanaiwale za kukonda sayansi. Mu 1821, adakhala wophunzira wa kuyunivesite ya Berlin.
Mnyamatayo ankapita nawo salonga komanso kudziwa za gulu la Germany. Ku Yune aku Yune, adamvetsera njira zachipembedzo za chipembedzo Hegege Hegel, nthano za Ogasiti a Schlegel. Atsoka adapanga malingaliro ake. Chitetezo cha kuchuluka kwa wophunzirayo kunachitika ku Götungen.
Mu 1825, adalandira mutu wa dokotala. Kuti mupeze diploma, Heine adakakamizidwa kulandira Chilutera, chifukwa Ayuda sangakhale ndi chikalata chofanana. Koma sizinatanthauze kuti wolemba ndakatulo adasiyanitsidwa ndi malingaliro ake.
Chiyambi cha Heine chinayambitsa zokumana nazo zambiri m'moyo wake. Anayang'ana, pamene Ayudawo adalandira ufulu wambiri pa ntchito yaku France, m'malo mochita kale. Kenako, maonekedwe a asitikali a Prussian kudera la Rhine, zonse zimabwerera m'mabwalo, ndipo madongosolo a Bureaucrat akana malowa. Kufanana kwa Ayudawo, komwe kunayamba ku Napoleon, kunawonongedwa, ndipo kunawonetsedwa m'manyuzi a Heine.
Chilengedwa
Ntchito zoyambirira za Heine, zofalitsidwa pakuphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya Berlin, inakhala "maudzu" ballad, wowoneka bwino, "usiku woipa". Koma ngakhale asanabadwe, wolemba adayamba kupanga mawu achikondi. Mavesi ake anaperekedwa kwa m'bale wake wa Amania, pomwe Henry samakonda kwenikweni. Mu 1817, magazini "Hamburg Surward" adasindikiza ena a iwo, ndipo mu 1820 mndandanda wa ntchito za "mavuto aunyamata" adatuluka.
Mu 1821, a Henrich Heine adayamba kupereka ndakatulo kwa buku mu nyuzipepala, koma sanadziwike ndi otsutsa. Heinrich anali wolemba ntchito molimbika ndipo adagwira ntchito molimbika. Posakhalitsa mavuto a "Ratcliffe" ndi "Almanzor" adasindikizidwa. Zopereka za ndakatulo za ndakatulo ya "Intermezzzo" idakopeka ndi chidwi cha anthu olemba mabuku kuti ayambe. Ndakatulo yake idafotokoza zovuta. Kutsutsa motsutsana ndi olanda ndi kuponderezana kwa Ayudawo kudawonekeranso pantchito yaluso.
Otsutsa adalimbikira ku Henrich, motero adaganiza zochoka mu mzindawu ndikupita ku Arabia, koma kwenikweni ndidapita ku Cuxwagen. Kenako adapita ku Hamburg, Luneburg, Berlin ndi Götengen. Mfundo yomaliza ya ulendowo inali Harz. Munthawi imeneyi, nanen anakumana ndi Johanni. Mu 1825, wolemba ndakatulo adamaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, podutsa mayeso omaliza, ndikukhala dokotala wamalamulo a sayansi ya adongosolo lachitatu. Anasiya Hambarg, komwe anapitiliza ntchito zake.
Zolemba za wolemba wachinyamata kwa nthawi yayitali sanasamale. Kupambana koyamba kudabwera ku Heine mu 1826, pomwe kuwalako kudawona zolemba zake "kupita ku Graz". Ndiye "njira" ndi kuzungulira kwake "kubwerera ku mayi" kutuluka, ndipo mu 1827 - "bukhu la" Buku la nyimbo ", lomwe limalumikizana koyambirira. Chitambo chachikondi, kufotokozera kopanda tanthauzo kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro ake kutali ndi omvera. Chikumbutso chomwe wolemba ndakatulo adafotokoza zomwe zidachitika mozungulira, owerenga omwe adagonjetsedwa.
Mu 1827, Heine adalandira pempho la mkonzi wa "Ankalemelezi" ku Munich. Hafu ya chaka chimodzi, wolemba ndakatulo adakhala mumzinda uno ndipo adapita ku Italiya, komwe adakwera uthengawo za imfa ya abambo ake. Nunrich adakakamizidwa kuti abwerere ku Hamburg, komwe adafalitsa voliyumu yachitatu ya "zojambula" kuyenda "ndipo adaganiza zosamukira ku Paris. Mu 1830s, panali zipolowe mu likulu la France. Apa, kusintha kumene kunali kosunthika, komwe kunamverera kuti malingaliro ake.
Yolembedwa mu 1831 buku la "kasupe Watsopano" pa funde la mafunde lomwe limasamuka, wolemba ndakatulo amalungamitsidwa ku Paris. Ku France, adawadziwitsana ndi Hercy Kuponderezana kwa otsutsa ndi kutchuka, mwamwano ku Germany, sikunali wamphamvu pano. Wolemba ndakatuloyo adasindikizidwa mu Chifalansa ndi Chijeremani. Yofalitsidwa "mausiku a Florentine", "sukulu yachikondi" ndi ntchito zina za wolemba.
Pambuyo posintha malo okhalamo, wolemba ndakatulo adapanga zolemba zingapo zogwirizana mu "French milandu", ndipo mu 1834 Osindikiza " Chifukwa cha kulingalira kwa wolemba za ufulu wachipembedzo waku Nazareyan ndi Ellinov, ntchitoyi idapangitsa kuti anthu asavomereze.
Munthawi imeneyi, Gane anayamba mavuto azachuma. Adakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zololedwa. Zochitika zowonjezera zinali mgwirizano ndi kampu ya Yulius, malinga ndi momwe ufulu wa ndakatulo umaperekedwe kwa kasitomala. Kuthandizidwa ndi Amalume Solomo kwasinthanitsa zinthu ndi zinachitika, koma Sernet inatsogolera. Wolemba ndakatulo movutikira anasunthira, ngakhale sanasiye ntchito.
Malo okhala mu dziko lina adaperekedwa panthawiyi ndi zovuta. Ndi chikondi chapadera kwa amayi, wolemba ndakatulo adalemba ndakatulo ya "Germany. Nthano yachisanu. " Tosca pazabwino zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kuti zitheke kuti zitheke kuti zitheke kuti zitheke kuti aletse ndakatulo ya mawu a Heine "Miyezi ya Sitimayo", yomwe idakusangalatsani mwamunayo kuti akapakidwe. Maganizo andale sanamulole kuti abwerere kwawo.
Ku France, zosonkhanitsa ndakatulo zotchedwa "zosiyana" zotchedwa "zosiyana" zidafalitsidwa, ndipo pofika mu 1840 wolemba adatulutsa bukulo "pa Brn". Mu 1842, adasindikiza ndakatulo ya "Lasa Irol", mu 1844 - ndakatulo yatsopano ". Nthawi imeneyi, amalume Solomoni adamwalira, yemwe adabadwa ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa arancs 8,000,000. Mu 1851, iwo amasula buku la Pych Geene - "Romarkervo". Pofika nthawi yomwe wolemba adatsogolera kuti agwire ntchito "zolimbikitsa" zake, zomwe zidayamba kulemba mu 1840s.
Moyo Wanu
Bizinesi ya Heinrich Heine idalumikizidwa ndi mabuku, ndi kudzoza, monga wolemba, adabweretsa chikondi ndi malingaliro omwe akukumana nawo momudabwa. Pofuna kupanga mawu achikondi m'masiku aunyamata omwe adakambitsidwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa woluma Solomo, Amalia. Kumverera kwa msuweni sikunali ku- mtsikanayo, mtsikanayo adakwatirana ndi wamalonda kuposa Hennich.
Mu 1835, Heine amadziwa ndi mkazi wamtsogolo wa Enzeni amtendere Cresan, yemwe Matlilda adayitanidwa. Dziko linali lochokera kwa ogwira ntchito, sanadziwe kuwerenga ndi kulemba zomwe zili zopanda chiyembekezo chotsutsana ndi wophunzitsa wa Heine. Okonda ankakhala muukwati wopandaulere. Heine adazindikira kuti ali ndi chidwi komanso kudalitsika kwa Matilda, adamupangira nyumba yosungiramo mbiri ya atsikana otchuka kuti aphunzitsidwe ndikuwaonanso ngakhale osachita bwino.
Ukwati pakati pa Heine ndi dziko lapansi zidatha mu 1941 mu 1941. Anzanu sanamvetsetse momwe Heinrich angadzimangirire mkazi wowoneka bwino, koma wolemba anali wokhulupirika kwa mkazi wake, monga iye. Wolemba ndakatulo anali wokondwa m'moyo wake kuchokera kudziko lapansi, koma ana muukwati wawo sanawonekere.
Chaka chisanathe Heine, Amilla Sellan adabwera kwa iye, wokonda luso la ndakatulo, lomwe lakhazikitsa masiku otsiriza a moyo wake. Heinrich adagwa mchikondi, koma sanagawane ndi mkazi wake.
Imfa
Mu 1846, Henry Heine adamenya msana. Mu ndakatulo ya 1848 ya nthawi yomaliza yomwe adayenda kwatsopano, kenako nkukhala kama, womwe umatchedwa "matiresi manda". Mu matendawa, abwenzi ake ator de Balzac, mchenga, Richard Wagner. Wachibale wa mayiyo anali mnyumba mwake ndi wafilosopher Karl Marx, za ubale womwe Heine sunamuyikire nthawi yayitali. Zojambula zachikomyunizimu, zomwe zithunzi ndi zolemba zimakongoletsa zolemba za mbiriyakale, adapita ku Heinrich mpaka masiku otsiriza.
Heine adaganizirana ndi malingaliro wamba pomangidwa nyumbayo ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito. Wokwatirana naye amamusamalira mpaka pa 7 February 17, 1856. Choyambitsa kufa kwa wolemba ndakatulo anali wodwala wautali. Anaikidwa m'manda a MontMartra. Matilda anamwalira ali ndi zaka 27. Mosiyana ndi wokwatiranayo, yemwe anali imfa yake yopweteka, dziko linafa ndikumenya moyo nthawi yomweyo.
Mawu
"Chikondi ndi chiyani? Ili ndi mano mumtima. "" Ngakhale atazindikira bwanji ukulu wauzimu wa munthu amene amatsutsa mdani wake wamphamvu wobadwa nawo - imfa. " Iyi ndiye yokwezeka kwambiri komanso yopambana zonse! Koma mphamvu zake zonse zimakhala zowolowa manja zopanda malire, pakati pa kudzikonda. "" Zachilendo! Nthawi zonse, anthu wamba ankayesa kubisa zochita zawo zamtengo wapatali ndikudzipereka kwa zipembedzo zachipembedzo, zamakhalidwe ndi kukondana ndi Abambo. "M'bali
- 1820 - "Kuvutika Kwa Achinyamata"
- 1824 - "Loreley"
- 1826 - "Pitani ku Harz"
- 1827 - "Bukhu la Nyimbo"
- 1827 - "North Nyanja"
- 1834 - "Pakalekale, zipembedzo ndi nzeru za Germany"
- 1841 - "atta trol"
- 1844 - "Germany. Nthano yachisanu "
- 1844 - "Ndakatulo Yatsopano"
- 1851 - "ROMSTVO"