Chiphunzitso
SoFya Alekseevna Romanova amadziwika kuti ndi chithunzi cha ntchito ya Ilya Reprin. Chithunzi chovuta cha mzimayi wovuta chimakwera pa Canvas, yemwe amakwiya ndi mawonekedwe okwiya. Kuchokera mu mutu wa chithunzicho umaonekeratu kuti mdima wa mwana wamkaziyo sanathe ku: adakula m'Mombe kwa zaka zambiri. Alowa m'mawu ogwira ntchito adayesetsa kuti alamulire Boma, ndipo pamapeto pake adamaliza masiku ake opakamwano padziko lapansi, nakhala odziwika ku Schima wamkulu.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Tsarevna Sophia adakhala mwana wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa Wolamulira Alexei Mikhailovich - woimira mzera wachi Romav, yemwe adakwera mu mpando wa Russia. Onsewa, mfumu inali ndi ana 16: 13 ochokera kwa mkazi woyamba ndi 3 - kuchokera lachiwiri.
Marya Ilinlannavskavkavsya, mkazi woyamba wa Wolamulira, adachokera ku wolemekezeka wa anthu ochokera ku Poland. Anamupatsa mwana wamkazi wa Sofia mu 1657. Mfumukaziyo idaloledwa kuvuta kwa chaka chilichonse, ana ambiri adamwalira pobadwa komanso ali wakhanda, ndipo iye mwini adamwalira ndi chipatala cha anthu chamuyaya mu 1669.
Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, mu 1671, masiye a m'ma 1671, madalizi 42 a Tsar adakwatirana ndi mbiri yakale yazaka 20 Kirillovna Naryshkina. Mfumukaziyi yachichepere idabereka mwamunayo adakali ana atatu, wamkulu wamkulu yemwe anali mfumu yamtsogolo Peter I.
Chifukwa chake, ali ndi zaka 14, Tsarevna Sophia adapeza amayi opeza. Kale ndiye msungwanayo adadzipatula ndi luntha ndi maphunziro. Mlangizi wake anali wazamulungu, wolemba komanso khothi lawo mwangozi Simin Potsky. Tsarevna adaphunzitsa zilankhulo, werengani mabuku pa mbiri ndi chipembedzo, omwe amalemba zamasewera. Sophia Alekseevna adasweka, kupereka ulonda wa pemphero ndikuwerenga Malemba Opatulika, ndipo yake adakonzanso uthenga wabwino.
Panthawiyo, kubwalo laudindo, kamchere iwiri yotsutsa kwambiri - a Prosus ndi Naryshkina adasankhidwa. Achibale a akazi atsogoleri a atsogoleri amayesa kugwiritsa ntchito olowa m'malo ngati atsekemera pamalamulo a boma, omwe adakulirakulira ndi kufa kwa Alexei Mikhailovich mu 1676.
Ana a Tsaarist anali odziwika ndi thanzi lofooka, ndipo ana aamuna akulu amwalira Atate Atate. Chifukwa chake, Feeror Alekseevich, mng'ono wa Tsarevna adakwera pampando wachifumu. Anali wachichepere komanso wowawa kwambiri, ndipo mlongo wachikulireyo amagwiritsa ntchito ngati wachinyamata wopanda malire ndi ulamuliro. Feder wazaka 20 wa III adasiya moyo mu 1682, osasiya olowa m'malo. Pofika nthawi Tsarevna anali atazolowera kutenga nawo mbali pazinthu zonse ndikupereka malamulo.
Mtsikanayo anali wamphamvu komanso wofuna kutchuka, ndipo malingaliro ake sanafunsidwe. Chifukwa chake, Sophia sanagaweni utoto wodziwika wa mastence-asys, omwe sanachoke kumayiko awo atachoka, ndikutsegula tsamba latsopano la mbiri yawo.
Board ndi Kutentha
Mtetezi wina wa mfumu Fyodor III, Mayi Phiriya adapeza anthu amalingaliro ndi kuyamwa pakati pa ma bongors ndi atsogoleri ankhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, abale ake a Miroslavsky adapereka chithandizo chokwanira kwa afress. Chifukwa chake, pamene mu 1682 Natalia Naryshkina adakhala pampando wachifumu wa Peter, Sophia sanali nthabwala. Sagittarius, yemwe adakonza zopangidwa ndi zida, adakonzedwa chifukwa cha Meyi 15 ndi mayi waposachedwa ali ndi mwana wake wamwamuna ku zipinda zachifumu.
Maamwa a Proslavsky sakanakhoza kuyika patsogolo pa mlandu wamphamvu pampando wachifumuwo, pomwe wawo anali wolowa yekhayo yemwe adatsala pamoyo wa Ivan wazaka 15. Naryshku anapitiliza kuchititsa Peter wamphamvu komanso wathanzi. Zotsatira zake, bungwe la Bongwe la Boarsyky linayamba kunyengerera ndipo adalengeza mafumu a olowa m'malo onse.
Achichepere Achinyamata sangathe kukhala olamulira onse, ndipo Sophia Alekseevna anali wosankhidwa mosamala kuti awerengenso abale. Pa Juni 25, 1682, mu chiganizo cha Moscow a ku Moscow Kremlin Ivan ndipo Petro adagwidwa ndi ufumu, ndipo boma la Russia lidakhala mlongo wawo. Adalamulanso kuti adzitchule ndalama zodzipangitsa komanso kumasulidwa ndi chifanizo chake.
Vuto lalikulu la ndondomeko yamkati yomwe munthu wolamulira wachichepere adakumana koyamba, adakhala opanduka ndi chisangalalo. Gawo la oponya mipando yomwe ili m'manja mwa kandar Khovonky sanavomereze ndi zomwe zikuchitika pano. Kusakhutira kudakulitsidwa ndi mpingo kugawanika, kumatambasula kuyambira nthawi ya kusintha kwa kholo lakale Nikon. Chisokonezo chonsechi cha Tsarev adayimitsidwa ndi dzanja lolimba, osati lopusa panjira.
Kulimbana ndi zigawenga za Sophia kunapitilira mu 1685, kutengera "zolemba 12", zomwe zidafooka kuzunzidwa, kuphwanya ufulu wawo komanso kupha okhulupilira akale. Ogwira ntchito zachikulire zikwizikwi adathawa likulu kupita ku ngodya zakutali, kuyesera kuti tipewe kulangidwa.
Ntchito ya boma idatumizidwa kuti ikonzenso dongosolo la boma: Adachita kusintha kwa misonkho ndi msonkho, adachitapo kanthu pofalitsa ubale wamalonda ndi mayiko akunja. Mu 1687, paumboni wa Tsarevna, yunivesite yoyamba itatsegulidwa ku Russia - a Slavic-Greco-Grecco-Greco-Latin Academy.
Cholowa, Sofier Alekseevna adakumana ndi mavuto kudziko lina. Mikangano yovuta ndi Poland idathetsa kusaina kwa dziko losatha mu 1686, yomwe inali yogawika kwa mayiko aku Ukraine.
Atalandira gawo latsopano, Sophia adalonjeza kuti alowe mu nkhondo ndi Crimean Khanate, zomwe zidapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa Commonwealth. Zinachitika m'ndende zingapo zamitundu, koma palibe wovekedwa korona. Zolephera za asilikali akugwedeza ulamuliro wa Wolamulira. Ndondomeko yachilendo yakunja ndi mgwirizano wamasamba ndi China, malinga ndi momwe Russia idataya Amur dera ndi madera ambiri akumwamba.
Ngakhale Safeya Alekseevna anatsogolera dzikolo, Mbale wake wophatikizidwa ndi Mbale wake wophatikizidwa. Ivan sanali wokonda kwambiri magazini, ndipo Peter sanalepherenso kulowa mu ufulu wovomerezeka. Mu 1689, Tsarevich, kumbali ya mayi, kukwatiwa ndi Evdokia Lopuka. Ndipo ngakhale anali ndi zaka 17 zokha, zonena za ukwati zinamupatsa munthu wamkulu.
Wogulitsa sanali wodzipereka mwakufuna kwa abale, ngakhale sanakhale nawo ufulu. Chifukwa chake, pakati pa Sofia ndi Peter, nkhondo yodziwikiratu, yomwe ili pafupi kukhetsa magazi ambiri. Koma ankhondo ankhondo atapita wina atasiya mfumukazi, kusunthira kumbali ya mfumuyo.
Zotsatira zake, kutsalira popanda kuthandizidwa ndi ana olemba anzawo ntchito, Sophia Alekseevna adakakamizidwa kuti amvere lamulo la mfumu yamtsogolo ndikupindikira ku nyumba ya amonke.
Moyo Wanu
Sophia Alekseevna sanali bwino kwa iyemwini: katundu, squat, masamba kumaso, amalandidwa ndi kukongola kwachikazi. Uwu ndi malingaliro ndi mikhalidwe ya uzimu ya umunthu wake wazindikira kwambiri.
"Maganizo Ake ndi Ubwino Sikuli konse kusindikiza kwamanyazi a thupi lake, chifukwa pambuyo pake m'chiuno mwake ndifupifupi, komanso mwamwano, malingaliro aopenda komanso aluso."
Umu ndi chithunzi cha mbiri yakale ya mfumukazi kuchokera pakuwona kwa nthawi ina, waku Franch amapha Nyvillya. Ndikukhalabe m'bwalo, Sophia adatsogolera moyo wazosasangalatsa. Anawerenga zatsoka ndi miyoyo ya oyera mtima, asala msanga, kupemphedwa komanso kukhala ndi moyo padziko lapansi sinasiyane kwambiri ndi mtsogoleri.
Nthawi yomweyo, amadziwika ndi ubale wachikondi ndi mlangizi wake, kalonga wa Hitsyn. Prince anali mutu wa lamulo laakasyy, wolamulira pa maulamuliro apadziko lonse lapansi. Sophia Alekseevna odalirika mokwanira ndikudalira mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri.
Akazi owopa ndi akazi komanso akuluakulu a azimayiwo ali ndi maudindo owopsa a dperovyks nthawi ndi zosatheka kuti athe kufotokozera atsogoleriwo ndi kalonga. Kupatula apo, anali wokwatiwa ndipo anaukitsidwa ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Komabe, olemba mbiri amati makalata a Sofia ndi Golitsyn, molingana ndi momwe zingatheke kumvetsetsa kuti kalongayo adakhalapo malo ofunikira mumtima mwake.
Komabe, Sophia Alekseevna adakhala moyo wosungulumwa, ndipo osakwatira, ngati aliyense wa alongo ake. Ma kamveka onse amawonedwa kuti osayenerera kulandira mwana wamkazi wachifumu, ndipo mkwati wakunja kwa mayadi achifumu adadzakhala osatheka kuti akonze moyo.
Zaka zatha ndi Imfa
Mu 1689, Tsarevna Sophia adathamangitsidwa kwa m'bale ku Moscow Nomevichi Wamnorte, komwe zaka 15 zapitazi zidadutsa.
Princess adapatsa moyo wabwino, poletsa, kusiya malire a amonch. Poyamba uznice adayang'anira. Ngakhale ndi alongo ndi azakhali, amatha kuchezera ndi amonke ku tchuthi chachikulu kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, khungu la Sofia linali zipinda zingapo zotsukidwa bwino, ndipo ntchitoyi idamukonzera iye wolunjika.
Nditakhala kale Mfumu yokhayo, ndinapita mlongo wophatikizidwa mu nyumba ya amonke, koma onyada Tzarevna adakumana naye kuzizira. Kuyanjananso pakati pawo sikunachitike.
Pamene mu 1698 ku Moscow, chipolowe chotsatira cha mumsewu wotsatira wa mumsewu, Petro ndidaganiza kuti Sophia Alekseevna adakhudzidwa ndi nkhaniyi. Sagittaririus adakwiya kwambiri ndi zifukwa zachuma, komanso ndale m'mawu awo angaone. Kenako mfumuyo idaganiza mwachangu kuti achilumbiro adapanga mpando wachifumu wa kalonga. Pambuyo pa chochitikachi, Sophia adalitsidwa mu nin ndikubwera kwa dzina latsopanoli - Susanna.
Sophia Alekseevna adakhala ndi zaka 46 ndipo anamwalira pa Julayi 3, 1704, atalandira imfa yayikulu ya Sinayi ndi kubweretsa dzina lake wakale. Choyambitsa chambiri cha olemba mbiri sanena chilichonse chotsimikizika. Thupi la akalonga limayikidwa pansi pa zigawo za kusinthika kwa tchalitchi cha Novodevichy a Moscow.