Chiphunzitso
A Adam Mitskevich ndiye wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka waku Poland, yemwe ntchito yake yaku dziko lakwawo ikufanana ndi tanthauzo la Alexander Pustekin kwa mabuku aku Russia. Akatswiri aja amatcha wolemba kwa woyambitsa wa ku Poland. Adayimirira pamutu pa gulu la dziko la National ku Poland.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A Adam Mitskevich adabadwa pafamu ya Kossos, pafupi ndi tawuni ya Novogrudok. Zaka 3 asanawonekere kuti wolemba, malo awa anali a Commonwealth, kenako adalumikizidwa ndi ufumu wa Russia. Masiku ano, gawo lake ndi la Belaus, motero okhala mderalo amadziwa za ntchito ya wolemba ndakatulo.
Adamu anabadwa pa Disembala 24, 1798. Tate wa mnyamatayo, Mikoolai, anali kuchoka ku mtundu wakale wa Lithuania. Atakhala m'thupi, koma banjali lidatha ndipo lidalibe vuto. Mitskevich-sr. Kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo kuti adyetse banja. Mu 1794, bamboyo anachirikiza chitsime cha Tadesch Kosyutko ndi ana ake aamuna, anakonda dziko lakwawo ndi kulemekeza ukulu. Amayi a Barbara, Myuda wochokera, anali m'banja la wogwira ntchito yaying'ono.
Pa February 12, 1799, mnyamatayo adabatizidwa ku tchalitchi cha kusandulika kwa Ambuye. Kuyambira mu 1805 mpaka 1815, anaphunzira ku sukulu ya Dominican, wokhazikitsidwa kukachisi wa St. Gennel a Charden Michael, ndipo ananyamulidwa kumeneko ndi akatswiri olemba okhakalemba. Poems woyamba Mitskevich adalemba paubwana. Ankakonda kuphunzira.
Kufunafuna chidziwitso ndi kulimbikira kunathandizira kulandira maphunziro a anthu osaganizirapo ndipo pitani ku yunivesite ya Vilen, yemwe wophunzira Yemwe adakhala mu 1815. Choyamba, cholinga chachikulu cha Mitskevich chinali sayansi ndi masamu, koma mchaka mnyamatayo adasamukira ku mbiri yakale ndi Philogy. Chidwi ndi mbiri yakale idakhala ndi mphamvu.
Pa luso latsopanoli, wophunzirayo anayamba kuwerenga ntchito zakale, zophunzirira zakunja komanso zoyambirira za aphunzitsi otchuka. Aphunzitsi anathandizira kuti apange malingaliro ochita dziko lapansi pa mfundo zake ndipo zomwe zikuchitika padziko lapansi. Malingaliro apamwamba m'mabuku awo adasakanikirana ndi zochitika zachikondi zomwe zidalimbikitsa anyamatawa.
Kuyambira 1817, Mitskevich anali atakhala ophunzira omwe adatenga nawo gawo pakupanga mabungwe a dziko latriotic University: Phylomates ndi phylaretov. Anthu andale zadzikoli, iwo anamenyera nkhondo kuti awongoletse chilankhulo chawo komanso ulemu wawo, womwe umalimbikitsa thandizo lomwe likufunika. Pambuyo pake, iwo amakhulupirira adakhazikitsidwa mu pulogalamu yandale.
Atalandira diploma kumapeto kwa yunivesite mu 1819, Mitskevich adapeza kuthekera kwa misozi. Anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa Kovno, tsopano Kaunas. Kulankhula ndi izi, akuluakulu aboma adalamulira ku Yunivesite ya Vilensyky, adayesetsa kuteteza wolemba ndakatulo kuti asatenge nawo mbali mobisa. Mtundu wa zolumpha udayika chiyambi cha kulengedwa kwa ntchito mu mzimu wokonda zachikondi. Mitskevich adalemba ma ballads ndi ndakatulo, pofotokoza malingaliro ake komanso mawonekedwe adziko lapansi.
Ndakatulo
Mu 1822, buku la baba la ndakatulo la ADINKICH linawonekera. Mawu oyamba a zolemba adatchedwa "ndakatulo" ndipo adaphatikiza "ma balads ndi mitengo". Patatha chaka chimodzi, adafalitsa kuchuluka kwa bukuli, omwe anali ndi ndakatulo yodziwikiratu "Diada" ndi "gzin".
Zochitika ndakatulo za wolemba ndakatulo zidalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi zaluso, makamaka zimakhala mapulogalamu. Mu 1823, Mitzkevich adamangidwa pamilandu ya Afamu. Anali m'ndende, koma chifukwa cha abwenzi ake mu 1824 akuti amasulidwa pa chifuniro. Pambuyo theka la chaka, olembawo adachotsedwa mumzinda.
Anakakamizidwa kuti achoke ndi kupita ku St. Petersburg. Kenako adapita ku Odessa, Crimea, Moscow ndikubwerera ku likulu lakumpoto. Ulendowu unanditengera zaka zisanu ndipo anabweretsa Mitskevich kwa odziwana ndi luso la kulenga kwa Russia. Pambuyo pake, adapita ku Europe ndipo adapita ku Italy, Switzerland, Germany. Wolemba ndakatuloyo adakhala womvera mphatso za Hegel.
Mu 1830, chipolowe cha Novembala chinachitika ku Poland, ndipo Mitzkevich anayesa kubwerera kudziko lakwawo, koma sanaloledwe. Anayenera kusamukira ku Paris ndikupitiliza kukhala oyipa ku Europe, komwe kunapangitsa kuti wolemba afike ku Italy.
Mitskevich anali wolemba wobala zipatso. Cholowa chake chimakhala ndi unyinji wa ntchito za ndakatulo zosiyanasiyana. Povomereza mafayilo awiri a zokambirana, Adamu wapanga kupanga pulogalamu yake kwa anthu omwe ali ndi nthano chabe. Iwo anali otengera zikhulupiriro zachikondi, ndikutumiza dziko la malingaliro, komwe zinthu zazikuluzikulu zidakhala zokongola. Mitundu ya mtundu ukugwira ntchitoyi sikuti.
Zolemba zodziwika bwino za malangizowa zinali "Paris", "chikondi", "kukoma" ndi "Svatz". Pambuyo paulendo ku Russia, makanema a Crimetan adaperekedwa. Nkhani yawo yayikulu idakhala malongosoledwe achilengedwe komanso mgwirizano ndi munthu wake.
Mu 1828 adasindikiza buku la "Konrad Valenrod. Nkhani yakale ku mbiri ya Lithuanian ndi Prussian. " Chiwembuchi chikunena za zomwe zidachitika m'zaka za zana la 14. Wotsutsa, mbuye wa Crusader, amaika patsogolo zochitika pakati pa malingaliro a kukonda dziko lako komanso nambala ya Knight. Ndi thandizo lake, Mitskevich adafotokoza zomwe adakumana nazo m'bungwe lachinsinsi lomwe adakhalamo.
Ma ndakatulo Ku Europe, Mitskevich adagwira ntchito yopitilira ndakatulo ya "Diada". Magawo angapo a ntchitoyi, yolumikizana, pangani kapangidwe ka zikhulupiriro ndi miyambo yodziwika bwino, zokhumba za ngwazi yadzuwa.
Madera awa amagwirizana ndi zamakono momwe wolemba amafotokozera njira za Affiya. Ntchitoyo imafotokoza za kubadwanso kwa munthu wamkuluyo, ndikupempha kwawo kwa Wamphamvuyonse ndi funso lazomwe zikuchitika mdziko lapansi ndi kuponderezedwa kwa anthu. Kukana Kwa Royal Kuyera Mitskevich amafotokozeredwa kudzera mu prism yabwino komanso zongopeka.
Ntchito yayikulu ya poto ndakatulo yakale idapangidwa mu 1834 panthawi yomwe amakhala ku Paris. Pali mizere ingapo mmenemo, chifukwa cholembedwacho chakhala ndakatulo yadziko lonse, kulibe analoge mu mabuku a Chipolishi. Wolemba ananena za ku Poland kukonzekera kubwera kwa asitikali a Napoleon. Kumaliza kwa ntchitoyo sikunatsimikizidwe ndi zenizeni, mosiyana ndi malingaliro a Adamu.
Kuphatikiza pa ndakatulo, Mitskevich anali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani zachiwonetsero. Mu 1840s, adamasula kuzungulira, komwe kutsutsa kwa mawu akuti "Lausanne." Imagwira ntchito ngati chitsanzo chokhudzana ndi malingaliro achikondi, zinthu zomwe zikunenedweratu pantchito ya wolemba wamakono. Ndakatulo za ndakatulo zidawonetsera zosintha zina zomwe ziyenera kulowa m'malo mwa kuwonongeka. Anayerekezedwa ndi kubweranso kwachiwiri kwa Khristu, wokhoza kufalitsa mfundo zachikhristu kulikonse.
Zofanana zofananira zalembedwa pa ntchito ya luso polemba "Zajadov" ndi "m'buku la anthu a ku Poland ndi Oyendayenda aku Poland", yofalitsidwa mu 1832. Wolemba adati kuti Poland ndi boma lomwe anthu omwe anthu ake amatha kupirira kunyadana wankhanza. Maumboni achipembedzo m'bukuli anachititsa kuti kukwapulidwa m'bulu za papa. Mu 1849, nkhani zidasindikizidwa kuti wolemba ndakatulo adawerenga ku koleji de France. Anaphunzitsa mabuku a ku Russia, Chipolishi, ku Czech ndi Serbia ndi Serbia m'mphepete mwa mbiriyakale ndikukumana ndi malingaliro ogwirizana ndi malingaliro ake.
Ntchito za Adamu Mitskevich zinali ndi chidwi chachikulu pa chikhalidwe cha ku Poland. M'mabuku azaka za 19- 20, zolemba zambiri zimawonekera ndi zonena za ntchito zake. Zolemba za wolemba zidapanga maziko a kazembe wa ku Poland. Chimodzi mwa zipilala zazikulu za Cinema Cinema adapangidwa pamakina olembapo, filimu ya Angeya Villa "poto tuloush", kuwomberedwa mu 2000.
Moyo Wanu
A Adam Mitskevich's Biography limagwirizana kwambiri ndi zochitika zandale. Moyo waumwini nthawi zambiri umapita kumbuyo, koma, monga chinthu chilichonse cholenga, Mitskevich sanali mlendo. Pokhala wophunzira wa ku yunivesite, adawopa kukonda nthawi yoyamba. Ndakatulo zosankhidwa zidakhala Zarchekko.
Mtsikanayo adabweretsa uthenga wouziridwa ndi ndakatulo yoyamba, koma chisangalalo chawo sichinachitike. Abambo a Maryli amayamwa mwana wamkazi wa County kupita ku Tettka mita, ndipo ukwati wawo unachitikira mu 1821. Ngakhale anamwalira, wolemba ndakatuloyo adasiyanso momwe adakondedwa. Anali wosungiramo zinthu zakale kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mu 1834, Mitskevich anapeza banja. Mkazi wake adakhala velin shimanovskaya, mwana wamkazi wa pianists, yemwe mchere wake adapita, kukhala ku St. Petersburg. Ana 6 adabadwira ku Alliance.
Popeza zochitika za chikhalidwe cha anthu zakhala zikukula kwambiri pakati pa zinthu za Adamu, sanapange ntchito, kufunafuna banja. Zochita zopanga e-progagigich, Mitskevich sanaiwale za kuyitanidwa. Mu 1841, adasonkhezeredwa ndi Angeya Tovyy, olimbikitsa zakufananiza komanso ziphunzitso zabodza. Adamu adayamba kuwauza ophunzirawo ali ndi chidwi ndi malingaliro ake, zomwe adalandira kuchotsa, ndipo mu 1851st adasiya.
Mitskevich anatumiza mphamvu pakupanga gulu lankhondo lakukupukuta, kulengeza kudziyimira pawokha kwa Italiani, ndipo anali m'modzi mwa omwe amafalitsa nyuzipepala ya pa Paris "Paris". Mu likulu la ku France mu 1852th, wolemba adalandira malo ochitira mabuku pa arsenal. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, mnzakeyo adamwalira. Kusamalira ana kuda nkhawa kuti bambo amasakaza ndale. Anapatsidwa malingaliro popanga Legion yatsopano yakupukuta.
Imfa
Mu 1855, Mitzkevich adapita ku Constantinople, mapulani azomwe amapangidwira kupangidwa ndi bungwe latsopano. Cholinga chake chinali kuphatikiza Chifalansa ndi Britain polimbana ndi anthu aku Russia kunkhondo. Wolemba ndakatulo adauziridwa ndi mapulani atsopano. Mwanjira Iye adadwala kolera, yomwe idakhala ngati yoyambitsa kufa. Thupi la Adamu Mitskevich linaikidwa m'manda ku Paris. Mu 1890, zotsalazo zidatumizidwa ku Krakow, komwe adalandidwa m'mphepete mwa awel.Zosangalatsa za moyo wa wolemba ndakatulo, zowoneka bwino ndi mapulogalamu a pulogalamu yowuziridwa kuti zikhale zojambula za wolemba, kufufuza ndi kusanthula ntchito. Kuthandizira kwa nzeru komanso gulu la nthawi imeneyo linasinthidwa pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa wolemba. Ku Warsaw, Krakow, Poznan ndi Paris adayika zipilala mu ulemu wake. Mu laibulale ya Poland ku Paris pali Museum wa wolemba ndakatulo wa ndakatulo, wokhazikitsidwa ndi Mwana Wake mu 1903.
M'bali
- 1817 - Missir, Prince Novogrodak "
- 1822 - 1 Tom "ndakatulo",
- 1823 - 2 Tom "ndakatulo",
- 1823 - "Diada"
- 1826 - "Sonnets"
- 1828 - "Konrad Valledrod"
- 1832 - "Buku la Anthu Opukutira ndi Oyendayenda Opukutira"
- 1832 - "A Comesnel's
- 1834 - Pan THADush