Chiphunzitso
Vasily Klyuchevsky - wolemba mbiri wakale waku Russia, yemwe amakhala ndikugwira ntchito ndikusintha kumapeto kwa XX zaka zambiri. Biograozy yake ndi chitsanzo cha luso labwino komanso lolimbikira. Sumpy imakwera kuchokera pansi ndikulowetsa gulu la ophunzitsidwa, adapereka gawo lalikulu ku sayansi.Mwa oyenera a Klyyuchevsky - kukhazikitsidwa kwa "maphunziro a mbiri ya Russia" m'magawo 5 momwe amathandizira kulingalira kwa kolowera ku Russia chifukwa cha chitukuko cha mbiri yakale. Ntchito zasayansi za wolemba mbiri yasayansi, wothandizirana ndi olefukiratu, sanapatsidwe chidwi ndi Riviet era, kokha ku Russia ntchito zake zokha ntchito zake zimawonekera mu kutanthauzira Kwatsopano.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Valfat osivovich Klyichevsky adabadwa pa Januware 16 (Januware 28 Kalembedwe ka voskreseenovka Penince ndikukhala mwana wamwamuna wa ansembe wa Osip Kevsky.
Klyichevsky amakhala modekha, ngati kuti sananene - osauka. Ndipo pamene anali ndi zaka 9, banja ndipo padali phokoso lowopsa - lofa kwambiri. Anabwerera kunyumba kuchokera ku mzindawo ndipo adagwa mabingu olimba: Akavalo adagwetsa ngoloyo, mwamunayo adazindikira ndikusintha madzi. Choyamba adapeza thupi la Atate ndi zovuta kwa nthawi yayitali adabereka.
Kutsalira popanda wophika, Klyikevsky adasamukira ku Peni, komwe adayamba kukonza Diocese. Anzake ena a abambo adawasiya nyumba yaying'ono, ndipo ana amasiye ndi amasiye adathetsa. Mosamala anayamba kuphunzira ku Sukulu ya Uzimu. Koma chifukwa cha kusungunuka, zophunzitsira sizingagonjetse, zomwe zikuwopsezedwa kuti muchepetse mgwirizano.
Mayi wolakalaka wosavuta wophunzirira wophunzirayo kuti achite ndi mwana wake. Ndipo ngakhale kuti wachinyamatayo anagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso mokakamizika, zotsatira zake zinali zofanana ndi zozizwitsa. Achichepere Klyichevsky samangochotsa chibwibwi, komanso adakhala wokamba nkhani wabwino. Atamaliza sukulu, mu 1856 adalowa mu seminare ya zauzimu. Anayenera kukhala wansembe chifukwa anali pa zopezeka za diosiose.
Komabe, chaka chatha, seminarian amachitapo kanthu molimba mtima - ma reti alembetsedwe chifukwa cha "thanzi labwino." M'malo mwake, mosamala adaganiza zolowa yunivesite ya Moscow, yemwe wophunzira amene wophunzira ali, adagonjetsedwa zopinga zonse, mu 1861. Mnyamatayo adasankha mbiri yakale ku Phillogy.
Mbiri yazakale
Moyo woyipa wa Manila ndi mantha wophunzira wa m'chikhalidwe nthawi yomweyo. Adayesa kugwiritsitsa kumbali ya magulu andale, zotupa ndi wophunzira wina "zosangalatsa". Klyichevsky adagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi kudyetsa alongo ndi amayi. Mu 1864-1865, mnyamatayo adamaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite. Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito Yake inali dzina la "nthano ya" nthano ya alendo yokhudza ku Moscow State "ndipo adalandira mayeso apamwamba. Womaliza maphunziro adalandira mendulo yagolide idasiyidwa ndi katswiri pa Dipatimenti Yokonzekera Kukonzekera Profesa.
Msisi wa Master Kolyuchevsky adapereka mutu wachilendo komanso wosangalatsa "moyo wakale wa Russia wa oyera monga gwero la mbiri yakale." Wolemba mbiriyo anagwira ntchito zaka 5, anaphunzira pafupifupi moyo wachikwi chimodzi, anachititsa kafukufuku 6 wasayansi. Pambuyo chitetezo chabwino kwambiri mu 1871 adalandira ufulu wophunzitsa m'mayunivesite.
Kuntchito woyamba wa mbiri achinyamata anali Alexander usilikali School, amene anaphunzitsa njira ya mbiri yatsopano onse n'kubweretsa mphunzitsi wake waulemerero wa Sergei Solovyov.
Pamodzi lofanana, amawerenga nkhani za mbiri yakale ku Moscow Theological Academy ndi ku Misempha Yakazi Yachikazi, ndipo kuyambira 1879 - ku Moscow University. Oratoc talente a Klyyuchevsky kwa zaka za ntchitoyo ndi kazembe yekha: zokambirana zomwe amawerenga, zomwe zimasonkhanitsa magulu a ophunzira, amakhala pamzere. Wolemba mbiriyo amatsogolera zitsanzo zosayembekezereka, amatsutsa mfundo zovomerezeka, filimuyo yokhala ndi zolemba ndi ahorisms, amoyo komanso amayankha mafunso abwino.
M'mawu ake, mphunzitsi wake adakonza zojambula zambiri za mbiri yakale, kuphatikizapo zithunzi za mafumu aku Russia. Mwachitsanzo, mawu ake achitsulo onena za kudzudzula Elizavna ndi Katherine II, pomwe wolemba mbiri adazindikira kuti "kuyambira Petro Great, zodabwitsa zambiri zidasamukira ku Mpando Wachira Russia." M'malo mwake, a Klychevsky adayamba kukambirana za oimira aku Russia monga anthu wamba omwe sakhala ndi zofooka za anthu.
Mu 1882, Vasily Osipovich anateteza ma cell a Docto Roctoratution "Boalsalkaya Duma wakale Russia" ndipo adakhala pulofesa wazachigawo anayi ophunzira ophunzira. Zochita ndi mbiri ya Pulofesa wachichepere sizinanyalanyaze ku anthu oyamba a Boma.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1890, ntchito zingapo zazikuluzikulu zalembedwa kuti: "Russian ya XVI-XVIIIII zaka zambiri. Mwa ulemu wake "(1884)," komwe ku Serfemon ku Russia "(1885)," Evgeny Amodzi ndi Makolo Ake "(1887) ndi ena.
Kuyambira pa 1893 mpaka 1895, klyuchevsky amaphunzitsa mbiri ya mwana wa Emperor Alexander III - kalonga wamkulu wa George Alexandrovich. Mwakutero, anali ndi malo omwe mfumu amalamulira, anali pafupi ndi banja lachifumu, anali pagulu lawo. Ngakhale kuti ntchito, ikupitiliza kufufuza, kupereka gawo lalifupi la mbiriyakale ", buku lachitatu la" Boar Duma la Russia wakale ".
Mu 1900, Pulofesa yemwe adaona kale za Deamyo ya mbiri yakale ndi za Phillog Yunivesite ya ku Moscow, nduna ya ku yunivesite iyi, komanso mtsogoleri waku Russia wa mbiri yakale ya Russia ndi Abizinesi, adasankhidwa kukhala Eperial Academy of Sayansi.
Kuyamba kwa zaka zana zapitazo kunawonetsa kufalitsa kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya KUevsky "m'mbiri ya Russia" m'magawo 5. Tikhoza kunenedwa kuti iyi ndi ntchito ya moyo wake: Kukonzekera bukuli kunachitika zaka 30.
Mmenemo, pulofesayo amapanga ziphunzitso za mbiri zinayi za mbiri yakale: Dniprovskaya Rus (Maziko a Chuma - Trainolzhkaya Rus (Mphamvu Yachikulu yapita ku Kalonga), Rigy Russia (olamulira - olemekezeka, chitukuko cha chuma chopanga).
Mu 1906, Klyichevsky amasiya maphunziro auzimu, momwe adagwirira ntchito zaka 36, ngakhale zionetsero za ophunzira. Tsopano mphunzitsiyo amawerenga nkhani ku Moscow Sukulu ya Mosallow yopenta, zowopsa, komwe omvera ake anali akatswiri komanso ojambula.
Vasily Osipovich adasiya kungokhala chabe la Bibleography, komanso m'badwo wonse wa ophunzira odabwitsa omwe anali asayansi odabwitsa kwambiri. Pakati pawo, Palvel Musikov, Alexbeavsky, Alexhuavsky, Alexander Kiswavetter, Mikhail Bogoslovsky, Shigey Bakhroshin.
Moyo Wanu
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1860, kukhala mphunzitsi kale pasukulu yankhondo, kumapangitsa njira zoyambirira za moyo wake, kumayamba kusamalira Anna Borotina - mlongo wamkulu wa wophunzira wake. Koma Anna anakana kubisa mbiri ya wolemba mbiri, kufuna kudzipereka kukhala adzuwa a amasiye.
Mosayembekezereka, a Klyhevsky kwa onse mu 1869 adakwatirana ndi mlongo wamkulu wa Anna - Anice, omwe pofika nthawi imeneyo adawaganizira "omwe adakakamira atsikana." Panali pano 32, ndipo anali wamkulu zaka 3 kuposa mkwati, koma sanachite manyazi ndi Klyuchevsky.
Anthu a m'masiku a anthu asayansi akufotokoza za asayansi yapamwamba kwambiri ndi zowongola zokongola ndi munthu, zimamusonyeza kuti ndi mawonekedwe a parishi kuti: nkhope yopanda pake, nkhope yachisoni. Koma zinali bwino munthu womanga zokambirana, monga zodabwitsa zake zosonyezedwa.
Biograpars Kllchevsky lipoti loti okwatirana achita chidwi pambuyo pa moyo wonse. Koma Akece sanayandikire kwa Mzimu chifukwa cha Vasist Osipovich. Koma ndi alongo ang'onoang'ono - Anna ndi chiyembekezo - Klyichevsky adathandizira makalata.
Koma Anice Mikhailovna adasamalira moyo, nyumba ndi chuma, chifukwa pankhani izi, monga asayansi ambiri, mkazi wake anali wopanda nzeru. Okwatiranawo adabwera yekha mwana wamwamuna wa Boris, yemwe adamaliza ku University ku Moscow ndikuthandiza Atate wake pazinthu za sayansi, ngakhale analibe mwayi wapadera.
Komanso, mchimwene wake wa Elizabeth Kornev anakula pa ufulu wa mwana wake wamkazi yemwe anali puloselo. Mtsikanayo mu 1906 adakwatirana ndipo posakhalitsa adamwalira kuchokera ku Chakhotka. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, anice mikhailovna adamwalira - mayiyo adamwalira mwadzidzidzi panthawi yomanga kachisi.
Imfa
Kwa Klyuchevsky, imfa ya mkazi wake idamenyedwa, kenako sanachirenso. Wasayansi wapamwamba komanso mphunzitsi yemwe adamwalira pa Meyi 12 (Meyi 25, mu mtundu watsopano) wa 1911 ku Moscow chifukwa cha matenda omwe amadwala. Manda a Osiich Osiphovich amapezeka pamanda a a Don Montery.
Pokumbukira wolemba mbiri yakale ya Russia mu 1991, malo osungiramo zinthu zakale a nyumba ku Peni adatsegulidwa. Mawuwa ali munyumba ya Chikumbutso komwe akuwunikira amakhala. M'chaka chomwecho, gulu lotentha ndi chikumbutso zimatsegulidwa m'mudzi wake wa voskresenovka. Pa Okutobala 11, 2008, chipilala chopita ku Vasilia Kuznelova chinakhazikitsidwa ku Peni.
Mawu
"Kukhala oyandikana nawo satanthauza kuti kuli pafupi." "Kukhala wokondwa kumatanthauza kuti sakufuna kutenga chilichonse, koma ndi chizolowezi choganiza bwino." "Axioma ndi chowonadi chomwe Umboni sunakhale wokwanira. "M'bali
- 1866 - "Ngalambiri za alendo za ku Moscow"
- 1871 - "Kukhala Ndi Moyo Wakale wa Russia wa Oyera Mtima"
- 1872 - "Mikangano ya Pslov"
- 1878 - "Nkhani za zodabwitsa za chithunzi cha Vladimir of the Mayi wa Mulungu"
- 1880 - "Boarskaya duuma wakale Russia"
- 1885 - "Chiyambi cha Serfedn ku Russia"
- 1887 - "Eva Ergeny ndi makolo ake"
- 1890 - "kapangidwe ka nthumwi ku Zemstvo Cathadrals wakale ku Russia wakale"
- "