Mbiri Yodziwika
Khalidwe lalikulu la ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya Alexey Tolstoy "Garperboloid mainjiniya". Injiniya waku Russia yemwe adapanga "hyperboloid" ndi fanizo la laser, chida chomwe chimatha kutulutsa mafuta okwera kwambiri. Zida zowopsa zomwe zimawononga zinthu zilizonse mwachangu. Garnin amatanganidwa ndi lingaliro la ulamuliro wadziko lonse, ndipo kwakanthawi munthuyo akhoza kukhala wolamulira mwalamulo ku United States.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Alexey Tolstoy yomalizidwa ntchito pa buku labwino kwambiri "Hyperboloid Grander Garna" mu 1927. Lingaliro la bukuli linafika pamtunda wambiri atakambirana ndi mnzanu wotchedwa Olenin. Anauza wolemba za utoto wina yemwe wamwalira mu 1918. Injiniyi akuti amamanga ophatikizika ofanana ndi omwe afotokozedwa ndi hyperboloid.
Kugwiritsa ntchito bukuli, mwachitsanzo, ophunzira a Peter Lazarev, wotchuka panthawi ya sayansi. Tolstoy adadziwanso nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya malingaliro a sayansi yazosamwa. Zolemba zomwe zidapangidwa pokonzekera bukuli, zimapezeka m'mabuku a wolemba moyambirira komanso koyambirira kwa ma 20s a zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Wolembayo anali kulemba buku la magawo atatu, woyamba akanakhala wovuta, wachiwiri - wachinyamata, Utopian.
Gawo loyamba la bukuli linasindikizidwa lembalo lisanamalize - mu 1925 m'mipingo itatu ya magazini "wofiira". Chaka chotsatira, gawo lachiwiri la bukuli lidasindikizidwa m'buku lomweli. Mu February 1927, Tolstoy adasindikiza mtundu watsopano wa kutha kwa bukuli, yemwe anali ndi mutu wakuti "Gain-wolamulira wa Ganni" mu Red Novi.
Tolstoye amafalitsa mu magaziniyo ndi gawo lachitatu la buku la Garna, koma sanalembe. Wolemba adalemba mapulani achitatu m'chilimwe cha 1924. Amaganiziridwa kuti nthawi yochita bukuli likakhala Lachinayi - 1930, maziko ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, ndipo zonse ziyenera kuti zidatha kusinthika kwa Europe.
Komabe, lingaliro ili silinatembenuke kuti likwaniritsidwe. Chiwengo cha bukuli, monga chotsatira, cholembedwa ku Tolstoy, ndi chosiyana kwambiri ndi dongosolo loyamba. Nditamaliza kulemba nkhaniyi, wolembayo anapitiliza kusintha bukulo. Mu 1934, Tolstoor adasintha kalembedwe ndikuponya mitu yochokera palembali, ndipo gawo lidachepetsedwa.
Patapita zaka zina ziwiri, buku anayenera akonzanso pansi omvera ana ndi kuwataya "akulu" zithunzi. Mu 1937, wolemba kachiwiri reworks lemba lonse lili ndi mitu latsopano mu buku la ananena latsopano komaliza, "deducts" pa lemba la mawu sayansi. Atsopano kusintha stylistic anapangidwa mu 1939, ndipo kenako malo ena anaphonya anabwezeretsedwa.
"Garina a hyperboloid"
Malinga ndi chiwembu, Peter Garin mapulani zida, amene limamutchula kuti "hyperboloid" ntchito Nikolay Manseva ndi mphunzitsi yekha. The mantera yekha anali miyala ndi nthaka ndi kufa pa kukaona mu nayonso. Pa zipangizo za ulendo uno Garin ndi anakwanitsa kumanga maziko ongolankhula kwa Zopatsa, amene anakhala ndi pakati.
Garin akapeza bwenzi ankaimira pakubwezeretsa - American billionaire amaphunzira zachuma ndi industrialist. Ntchito hyperboloid, Garin erases ku nkhope ya zomera m'dziko wachokera ku mpikisano German kugudubuzika. The billionaire amapereka ngwazi ndalama Garin amagwiritsa kulanda zilumba za ku Pacific Ocean. Nanga pa chilumba chimenechi, ngwazi lavomerezedwa kuchotsa golide. Mphamvu ya hyperboloid amapereka Garin kuti yopuma mu matumbo a dziko lapansi, amene kale kuti anakhalabe kufikako. Chifukwa, ngwazi afika kupeza madipoziti sizidzatha golide.
Chifukwa cha divisters ndi, Garin likukhalira kuti kuonongedwa ndi Golden Standard, ndi West "Capitalist" dziko kumizidwa mu mavuto zakuya. Anapezerapo mwayi pa zimenezi, Garin amagula waukulu mabizinezi mafakitale mu United States ndipo pamapeto pake tikhale ndi mphamvu zoterozo kuti akukhala wankhanza.
The ngwazi amatenga dzina latsopano - Pierre Harry, koma kwa nthawi yaitali ulamuliro America Garin asagwe mwayi. Woimira boma la Soviet Vasily Shelda, pamodzi ndi gulu la boma, analanda ndi hyperboloid, pa yokhala ndi mphamvu ya Garina. Zitatha izi, pali kupanduka chilengedwe antchito.
Kutchinga
Mu 1965, nkhani yopeka filimu "Hyperboloid akatswiri okonza Garin" linatuluka pa Sukulu Gorky wa hyperboloid Garina mu Moscow zochokera Roma Alexei Tolstoy. Udindo wa Garin panali wosewera Evgeny Evstigneev, ndi Alexander Ginzburg anakhala wotsogolera filimuyo. Wotsutsa nthawi Soviet Vsevolod Revich wotchedwa filimu "Wongosangalatsa nkhondo ndi nzeru zachiphamaso". otsutsa ena lolunjika pa chakuti wakuda ndi woyera "Garin" anawomberedwa mu aesthetics mafilimu American "Noir" ndi zachilendo ndi chidwi mfundo zithunzi view.
Mu 1973, zinayi ranlery mini-wakuti "Krahi Garina akatswiri okonza" ndi Oleg Borisov linasindikizidwa pa Lenfilm filimu situdiyo. Director wa filimu - Leonid Queenihidze. NdiAmene filimuyo anasiya zikuluzikulu wosangalatsa antioticopias analengedwa ndi Tolstoy. Makhalidwe a m'nkhaniyi filimu amasonyeza "kukupatsani". Garin ku otentheka ndi mapulani wosangalatsa kwasanduka munthu amene akufuna choti alemere basi. Zoya, Garina a mbuye, kwa adventurers wachikoka, amene amachita ndi ukulu ndi, kwasanduka dona mantha.
Mu filimu kwambiri zolakwika ku chiwembu cha buku la. Mwachitsanzo, khalidwe Charger mu buku la masewero wamng'ono udindo. Mu filimu, munthu uyu popewa nthumwi za bungwe lina la achifasizimu, amene nthawi zonse zimakhudza zimene zikuchitika. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Gona a m'nkhaniyi zimafalitsidwa schematically mu filimu.
Vasily Shelda ku Roma - chigawenga kufufuza Mkulu Petrograd ndi wothandizila Soviet, amene zikugwira chipangizo cha kusintha proletarian. Mu filimu, ngwazi izi inasanduka novice sayansi, umene ukugwira injiniya Garina ena tiganizira kukonda dziko lako ndi chidwi ndi sayansi, ndipo konse ntchito.
Komanso, palibe zochitika padziko lonse anafotokoza mu buku la, mavuto padziko lonse, bungwe ndi Garin, chitsutso cha khalidwe waukulu ndi Vasily Shelda, ulimi dziko, ndi zina zotero. The hyperboloid yokha mu filimu ndi si ofanana ndi zida zomwe zatchulidwa buku la.