Chiphunzitso
Dzina la Konstanta Uhinsky limayima mzere woyamba wa anthu a ku Russia, ndipo imatha kutchedwa woyambitsa sukulu yasayansi yophunzitsira achinyamatawa popanda kutambasula. Atakhala moyo wamfupi, bambo wina anayamba kukhala ndi zaka zambiri ndipo analemba mabuku ambiri a sayansi, ndipo si ntchito zazikuluzikulu za sayansi zokha, komanso nkhani za ana. Mphunzitsiyo anawona cholinga cha moyo kuti litumikire anthu ndipo sanadzipereke popanda bizinesi yake yabwino kwambiri, kufunafuna kuti maphunziro akhalepo pagulu.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Konstantin Dmitrievich anabadwira ku Tula m'banja la Dmitrigorievich ndi mkazi wake wa Statuanovna. Bambo wa Mphunzitsi wamtsogolo anali ndi ntchito yankhondo yomwe inali yankhondo yomwe inali kunkhondo yake, kukhala wakale wankhondo ndi Napoleon.
Olemba mbiri yakale kwambiri m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri afotokoza za wolemba pa February 19, 1824, koma ofufuza zamakono zakale, podalira chisamaliro cha ashinsky adabadwa chaka choyambirira. Kusokonezeka ndi madeti kunachitika chifukwa cha kulembetsa satifiketi ya metric, komwe kudakhazikitsidwa pokhudzana ndi kusankhidwa kwa abambo ku positi yatsopano ndi kusamutsidwa kwa banja. Komabe, mpaka pano, chaka chambiri chovomerezedwa kwa mphunzitsiyo chimakhalabe ndi zaka 1824, ndipo zochitika zonse zokumbukira zimayamba kuwerengera.
Ubwana wazaka komanso zaka zambiri za pasisitapo zomwe zinachitika m'tauni ya Chernihiv yakale yam'madzi a Novgodod, komwe bambo wa banjalo adasankha woweruza. Mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 11, mayi anamwalira, yemwe kuyambira ali mwana wakhanda akupanga mwana wake. Chifukwa cha kudziwa zomwe tapeza, mnyamatayo adalowa mosavuta wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo adafotokozedwa nthawi yachitatu.
Pambuyo pake, ashinsky adachira, aphunzitsi oyamba, aphunzitsi oyamba ndipo adawona kuti omwe adachita chidwi ndi sayansi, awonongedwa komanso anakonda ana. Ndizotheka kuti kuchuluka kwa maphunziro kusukulu kunakhala kwakukulu kuposa m'matawuni enieni a nthawi imeneyo. Mnyamatayo adalandira satifiketi mu 1840 kenako pofika nthawi imeneyo adakumana kale ndi mbiri ya mbiri ya onyenga komanso malingaliro opambana a European Remination aku Europe.
Kupitiliza maphunziro a Konstantin ku Yunivesite ya Moscow, kulembetsa pa loya. Apa, wachinyamata akumvetsera kwa nkhani za aphunzitsi aluso ndipo amakonda nzeru, mabuku ndi zolondola. Nditamaliza maphunzirowa pa 1844, mnyamatayo amakhala ku yunivesite kuti ayine mayeso a mbuye. Pakadali pano, UShinsky imayamba kuda nkhawa ndi nkhani zakuwunikira kwa anthu aku Russia, omwe ambiri amakhala osaphunzira.
Kukhala wochita zadongosolo lazalamulo, womaliza maphunziro amapita ku Yaroslavl, komwe kuyambira 1846 akhala akugwira ntchito ku Demidov. Mphunzitsi wa malingaliro opita patsogolo adachitikira ndi ophunzira chabe ndipo sanakonde zigawozo m'maphunzirowa kuposa momwe amakhutira.
Kusangalala Kwakanthawi kwa katswiri wa katswiriyu adachita mantha ndi utsogoleri, ndipo kuseri kwa mphunzitsiyo adayikidwa mu kuyang'aniridwa. Mwalawula kuti apirire malingaliro otere, konstantin amachoka pamalowo ndikupanga ndalama mwa kumasulira zolemba zakunja kwa magazini. Atasamukira ku St. Petersburg, imakhutira ndi yaying'ono yogwira ntchito yaying'ono mu utumiki.
Ptagogy
Mu 1854, acinky adakwanitsa kulandira malo a mphunzitsi wamkulu pa ana amasiye a girtin Institute - bungwe lachiwiri lotsekeka, lomwe linali m'manja mwa emress. Kukhazikitsidwa kunachitika mu maphunziro a akuluakulu ang'onoang'ono a madipatimenti ndi mautumiki ndipo anali odziwika ndi okhwima a madongosolo. Chilango chake cha strata yocheperako apa ndi mkhalidwe wopanda vuto la kuphwanya ndipo kudetsa pakati pa ophunzira adalamulira.Poyamba, Konstin Dmitrievich adapempha mabuku ndi malamulo a Russia, koma patatha theka chaka chomwe adatenga malo a woyendera. Popita zaka zambiri zantchito, a ku UShinsky Institute adatha kupanga maphunziro a maphunziro kuti kholo, kuba ndi ofesi yowuma ndi ofesi youma inali itapita kumakoma a bungwe. Apa mphunzitsi amapeza zakale za omwe adalipo kale, wokhala ndi laibulale ya pladrogical ntchito, kudziwa komwe New World imatsegulidwa ndi mphunzitsi wachinyamata.
Wodzozedwera ndi zinthu zomwe adaphunzira, wolemba amalemba nkhani yakuti "pa zabwino za mabuku oyambira", zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka. Mwamuna amakhala woweruza watropolitan nthawi, yomwe ili ndi maphunziro "," yofananira "ndi" laibulale powerenga ". Pambuyo pake, kwa zaka theka ndi theka, mphunzitsiyo adagwira ntchito yokomera "buku la ntchito ya anthu ku United" ndipo adasinthiratu m'gulu lotchuka la nkhani zapamwamba.
Gawo lotsatira pantchito yomwe inali ntchitoyo inali ntchito ku Smulny Institute ya namwali wosadziwika, pomwe wasayansi wa Novice adatha kusintha malingaliro atsopano. Mphunzitsiyo adakumana ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa atsikana ali ndi ngongole komanso zosavuta, kotero choyamba adakwaniritsa ubale wofanana ndi ophunzira onse. Usinsky adanenanso kuti maphunzirowa adachitika mchilankhulo chake, ndipo adapereka mwayi kwa atsikana kuti awone ziyeneretso za aphunzitsi.
Mwamunayo anadziwitsa chizolowezi chokonza pafupipafupi gulu la timu yokambiranani zochitika ndi malingaliro apamwamba mu gawo la maphunziro. Madzulo awa akhala malo ochezera ndi anzanu, omwe amalankhula za kusintha, maofesi, mabuku. Konstantin Dmitrievich anasangalala ndi kuwalemekeza komanso otchuka pakati pa ogwira ntchito ndi ophunzira, koma olamulira ankawoneka kuti ndi omasuka. Chifukwa chake, kuti athetse wogwira ntchito "wosavomerezeka", mu 1862 adatumizidwa kuulendo wakunja kwa zaka 5.
Kukhala ku Europe, munthu amakhala ndi chidwi ndi maphunziro apamwamba a maphunziro ndi maphunziro, kuchezera mabungwe ophunzitsira ku Germany, Switzerland, France ndi mayiko ena. Amapitilizabe kuchita zinthu zolembalemba, zomwe zidayamba ku Gatoko.
Mu 1864, zolemba za ana "mawu achikhalidwe" komanso "dziko lapansi" m'dziko la wolemba, ndipo loyamba liziphatikizidwa ndi njira zophunzitsira, zomwe zimalembedwa kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi. Izi zidalowetsa mosungiramo ndalama za plaagogical, zolimba za kubwereza.
Ku UShinsky analemba ndi zaluso zaluso, ndi nthano ndi nkhani za ana kuti zizikhala pamalo ofunikira kumeneko. "Kavalo wogona", "zofuna zinayi", "khate la mayi wachikulire - nthawi yozizira" idakhala yodziwika bwino m'mabuku a ana.
Ntchito yomaliza yophunzitsira Pedagogy idalembedwa pobwerera kudziko la "munthu ngati maphunziro", omwe adatsalira. Pa moyo wa wolemba, mavoliyumu awiri a kafukufuku wa ku Anthropologicalogical adatuluka, zolemba zomwe zimapezeka m'mapepala amakono.
Moyo Wanu
Chimwemwe pamoyo wa Konstantin Dmientievich wopezeka ndi mnzake wa Semenovna Dorosnanko, yemwe adakhala mkazi wake mu 1851. Patatha chaka chimodzi, awiriwa adayamba kutchulidwa Paul, kenako mwana wamkazi wa ku Tara ndi Hope ndi ana a Konstantin ndi Vladimir. Chithunzithunzi chasungidwa chomwe chasungidwa, komwe banjali limawonekera. Mu 1867, mwana wachisanu ndi chimodzi amabadwa - mwana wamkazi wa Olga, yemwe pambuyo pake anakhala wojambula.
Banjali linasamukira pamalo likaima kumutu, koma Ukinsky anali ndi ngolo ya pobisalira mwangozi, pomwe iwo anabwereranso: The Bogdanka Boudankanka Bogdankanka: The Bogdanka Bogdanka
Chosangalatsa chakuti ana aakazi a aphunzitsi adalowa m'malo mwa abambo a Atate: Atsikana anali kuchita nawo gulu la masukulu ndi masukulu, popanda nthawi yawo komanso ndalama zawo.
Imfa
M'zaka zaposachedwa za moyo, tsiku la sayansi ndi boma la UShinsky. Amalemba nkhanizo, kutenga nawo mbali kwa akatswiri, amachita popanga makina ocheperako. Munthu amalandila ulamuliro ngati mbuye ndi wokonda bizinesi yake.
Nthawi yomweyo, m'zaka 1870, banjali likunena Phiri: Mwana woyamba wamwamuna amwalira ali ndi zaka 18 panthawi ya kusaka. Imfa imakumana ndi mavuto kwambiri ndi banjali, ndipo konstantin Dmitrievich aganiza zosamukira ku Kiev, kupeza nyumba kumeneko.
Pambuyo pake, kutenga ana, mphunzitsi wazaka 47 amapita ku Crimea. Komabe, UShinsky imasokonekera pamsewu. Matendawa amadutsa pamavuto ndipo amakhala chifukwa cha imfa kumapeto kwa Disembala 1870 ku Odessa. Manda a mphunzitsi wotchuka amakhala ku Kiev-Veditsy amonke.
Kupereka kwa amuna ku Russia kumavuta kupirira. Kufunitsitsa kwake kupeza maphunziro kupezeka ku zigawo zonse za anthu posachedwa apeza zipatso, ndipo ntchito zofunika kwambiri za wolemba zidapanga maziko a makina ophunzitsira ophunzitsira. Polemekeza chiwerengerochi, mabungwe ambiri ophunzitsa, malaibulale ndi misewu ku Russia amatchedwa.
M'bali
- 1847 - "Nkhani za ku Yaroslavl Lyceum"
- 1856 - "Pa maphunziro aboma"
- 1857 - "Zinthu zitatu za sukulu"
- 1858 - "Pamiyolime amatanthauza mwa kuwerenga"
- 1858 - "Kusintha kwa Sukulu ku North America"
- 1858 - "Chida cha Mkati mwa masukulu aku North America"
- 1859 - "Makalata onena za Kuleredwa kwa Wolowa kwa Mpando wa Chirasha wa Chirasha"
- 1864 - "Mawu Achikhalidwe"
- 1867 - "Munthu Monga Mutu Woleredwa"
- 1869 - "Munthu Monga Mutu Woleredwa"
- 1870 - Zipangizo zachitatu "Penagogical Anthropology"