Chiphunzitso
Anatoly LkunaCharky anali munthu wodabwitsa kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso malingaliro achilungamo. Mwamunayo anali wofananira komanso wokamba nkhani, katswiri waluso, boma lalikulu ndi wandale.
Kwa zaka 12, anali kukhala wolemba anthu a anthu kuti adziwe kuwunikira. Cholowa chake cholemera sichimataya mwayi - zolemba ndipo zolemba ndi "ku Chicago" za ku Siberia za mumzinda wa Novosibrask), ndipo mabuku okhudza miyoyo ya anthu amagulidwa ndi owerenga amakono. .
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Lunacarsky Anagatoly Vasalovich adawonekera pa Novembala 11 (November 23 kwa mawonekedwe atsopano) a 1875 ku Poltava, komwe kunali gawo la Ufumu wa Russia. Makolo ake a ku Alexander Rostovtsev ndi mlangizi wowerengeka Alexander Antonov sanakhale muukwati. Malinga ndi zikumbutso za acataly, kulamulira m'nyumba, banja lakhala lothandiza posankha njira ya moyo.
Mnyamatayo ali ndi zaka 10, abambo ake adamwalira chifukwa chosagwira ntchito. Pambuyo pake, Alesander adaganiza zosamukira ku Kiev limodzi ndi mwana wake. Kumeneku, Luna Chachar Junior adakhala wophunzira woyamba wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi woyamba, womwe ndi wabwino kwambiri mumzinda. Monga chochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, adayamba kucheza ndi gulu la anthu komanso demokalase nthawi yomweyo - mnyamatayo adayambitsa mutu wa gulu la ophunzira omwe adaphunzira mabuku a ophunzira.
Pamodzi ndi izi, aatoatoll adatenga nawo mbali m'mabwalo ogwira ntchito. Kukhala wazaka 17, adalemba nkhani yake yobowola, yomwe idamasulidwa m'ndende. Chifukwa chakuti aphunzitsiwo adawona kuti a Lunacarsky asadalile, adayika zinayi chifukwa cha kaseti mukamasulidwa. Izi zakhudza kuthekera kopitilira maphunziro ku Russia. Pachifukwa ichi, wophunzirayo adapita ku Switzerland ndipo adapambana mayeso a Zurich University.
Ana ayuseyuly adakhala loya wapadera ndipo nthawi yomweyo adakumana ndi mitu ya demokalase yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi George Setthanov ndi Rosa Luxembourg. Munthuyo adakhala ku Zurich mpaka 1897, kenako adabwerera ku Moscow.
Zochitika zandale komanso zochitika
Kopencharky idapitilirabe kuchita nawo zochitika zonama komanso zomangamanga, komanso polemba kulengeza. Kuchulukitsa kotereku sikunathe kukhalako - mnyamatayo anamangidwa. Komabe, chifukwa cha zaka zazing'ono, amakhala komwe amakhala m'ndende 2 miyezi iwiri atamangidwa, anytate adadutsa Atate. Mikhalidwe inali kukana kwa mawu olankhula pagulu komanso kuti musachoke ku Poltava.
Ngakhale izi, kusinthidwa mwachidule nthawiyo nthawi yomweyo kutuluka komwe kunayambiranso ku Moscow. Pankhani imeneyi, patapita nthawi, amangedza watsopano, yemwe watenga miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawiyo, mnyamatayo adatumizidwa ku dera la Vologda, komwe adatumikira ulalo ku Totme.
Komanso, anakonzanso kulumikizana ndi Bolsheviks ndikubwerera ku Kiev mu 1904, komwe kwa miyezi ingapo adalemba kukayika kwa nyuzipepala ya mzindawu ". M'dzinja la chaka chomwecho, anytaly adapita ku geneva pa kuyitanidwa kwa Lenin. Panalipo kuti munthuyo adadziwonetsa Yekha ngati woganiza bwino komanso wokamba nkhani waluso. Anatenga nawo mbali ku Congless ya Rsdlp ndi chaka chimodzi pambuyo pake adabwerera ku Russia kukayamba "moyo watsopano" ".
Office Office of theypaper adazindikira kuti anali a Lunacharsky ndiye gulu lalikulu la bukuli, atalengeza zolemba zake zingapo. Komabe, aboma sanalawe zopereka zofalitsa nkhani za anatotoly - patatha miyezi ingapo adamangidwa kwa kachitatu ndikutumizidwanso ku ulalo wina. Koma pakugwa kwa 1906, kusinthana kwakonzekeretsa pawokha popanda kuthawa ndikusiya ufumu wa ku Russia nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi yomweyo, dziko lake lonse linayamba kusintha kwambiri. Lonacharky anasiya kumwa mandale, omwe amalimbikitsa ma bolhevik otsogozedwa ndi Lenin. Malingaliro ake, ndizotheka kugonjetsa mphamvu pokhapokha ngati ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo. Unali kusintha kwa malingaliro a Anatolia ndi chifukwa chomwe amamuimbidwira podutsa komanso kwa anthu ena, malinga ndi Bolsheviks, machimo.
Popita nthawi, a Lonacharsky adasamukira kuuto za ndale ku bungwe lotsuka - adayamba kutsatira kwambiri mapangidwe onse aluso. Mwachitsanzo, m'nkhani yotchedwa "akatswiri azachidutso", mwamunayo adawonetsa koyamba kukula kwa avar-Garm.
Munthawi imeneyi, mkati mwa mabuku a Marxist, zokambirana za ziphunzitso za Leninist zomwe zimachitika mwankhanza mwa ulamuliro wa proletaliatiat, ndipo Amagately adayamba kubwereza zipani. Malangizo ake asinthanso, ndipo kwakanthawi kusinthira kwa Bolsheviks. Zochitika zonsezi zinachitika kumayiko ena, monga Lunacharky anamvetsetsa kuti ku Russia idzamangidwa mwachangu ndipo imapangitsa kuti zisankhe zochitika zachitukuko.
Aatoatoly adalemba ndikufalitsa zolemba za m'mbiri ya m'mabuku mu 1914, pomwe adakangana chifukwa cha vuto la ubale pakati pa almehiteria Malingaliro ake, zigawo ziwirizi za anthu izi zitha kukhala zothandiza modekha, makamaka mkati mwa mawonekedwe a kusintha kwachikhalidwe.
Kupanga kwa wotsutsa woyamba kunayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi wolemba Maxim Gorky ndi zaka zingapo patsogolo adazindikira zolemba zomwe zalembedwapo za bollsheviks. Ntchito za kumwakarsky zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zobisika ndi kuya kwa ziweruziro, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaneneratu magawo otsatirawa a chitukuko cha mabuku.
Mu Meyi 1917, bambo anabwerera kudziko lakwawo ndipo anasiya mutu wake kukhala zochitika zandale. Anapitilizabe kufotokozera chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi kufunika kotenga mphamvu mwa njira yamtendere, yomwe inali yoyambitsa mikangano ndi ma bolsheviks. A Nthawiula adapeza ntchito m'buku la nyuzipepala la Gorky, lomwe mayi ake a Sascocrirical adayamba kuwonekera.
Ena mwa iwo adawatsogolera kunkhondo, yomwe idapangitsa kuti wolemba akhale womangidwa, nthawi ino m'malo mwa boma lakanthawi. Mwamwayi, chifukwa cha kufafaniza za ku Lunacarsky, zimawononga popanda kundende, ngakhale kuti amayenera kukhala pansi mobisa mobisa.
Pomaliza kwa Okutobala pa Biography of Anatolia, kunali nthawi - anasankhidwa ndi Commission of the Commission of Umboni. Mwamunayo sanatanong'oneza bondo ndi nthawi kuti akope akatswiri ojambula kuchokera m'malo osiyanasiyana kuti adziwitse malingaliro atsopano. Adalenga magazini "lawi la" lawi "lomwe adasindikiza okhala ndi malingaliro ena. LunaCharky Mwiniwake adatenga cholembera, ngakhale sichili bwino - masewera ndi pokonzedwera anawonetsedwa posachedwa.
Mu 1918, wolemba adalengeza koyamba zofuna za kufuna kusiya boma ndi kusagwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya Bolshevik. Choyamba adanenanso za kufunika kosunga zikhalidwe za sukulu yachikale yaku Russia komanso thandizo lothandizira pulogalamu ya zochitika.
Stalin atangofika m'mutu wa mphamvu, Amagasi adayamba kuchotsa pantchito pamutu, zomwe zidakhudza thanzi lake. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphedwa kwa wolemba za kulekanizo kwa mantha ndi anthu omwe akuzunzidwa adaletsedwa.
Kwa zaka 8, mpaka 1932, matenda a lonzeaharsky adagwira mtsogoleri wa Bureau wa Butau kukhala ndi olemba akunja. M'chilimwe cha chaka cha 1929, iye, limodzi ndi mamembala ena a phindu, anakana kuchita nawo "kusinthana kwachikhalidwe" komanso kusiya ntchito, komwe kunavomerezedwa nthawi yomweyo. Pamodzi ndi kuchoka kwa anatoly, anzeru zakomweko adakhalabe popanda woteteza wamkulu. Chifukwa cha kutchuka, mwamunayo adatha kupewa kudzudzula poyera - adatumizidwa ku "wolemekezeka".
Moyo Wanu
M'moyo wa Lunachaharsky unali wogwira ntchito ngati akatswiri. Mu 1902, boma la zaka 27 lomwe lidalowa mbanja, mkazi wake anali wolemba wazaka 19 Anna Alektandrovna Malinovskaya. Kwa zaka 20 zokhala m'banja lawo, mwana m'modzi adawonekera. Mwana wa Anatoly Anatolyevich lunzerky adabadwa mu 1911 ndipo adapita kumapeto kwa makolo ake, nakhala wolemba. Mu 1943, iye mosamala adapita patsogolo, komwe adamwalira mwachisawawa pofika pofika ku Noverrolosysk.
Mu 1922, anyamata wazaka 47 adakumana ndi wachinyamata wa ku Natalia Robodnel ndipo nthawi yomweyo adamkonda. Posakhalitsa banja lolenga lidachitika. M'banja lawo, ana ogwirizana sanawonekere, koma mwamunayo adatero, mwamunayo adagwira mwana wamkazi wa Irina Lonachar kuyambira pachibwenzi choyambirira cha wokondedwa wake wachinyamata.
Mtundu wa anthu wamba ndi Russian. Kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake sikudziwika kuti zotsimikizika, koma ndi zithunzi zakale zosonyeza munthu yemwe tingaganize kuti anali munthu wokwezeka ndi munthu wamba.
Imfa
Choyambitsa Imfa Latoatoly Lkunadky chinali kuchuluka kwa matendawa atachotsa diso lamanja, lomwe linachitika mu 1932 ku Berlin. Pambuyo pa opareshoni, bambo adabwerera ku Russia, koma sikunathenso kugwira ntchito bwinobwino. Chifukwa chake, pa upangiri wa madokotala, wolemba adathandiziranso ku Germany.
M'chilimwe cha 1933, a Lunacharsky adafika ku Paris, komwe thupi lake lidafika kuwonongeka, chifukwa cha omwe adotolo adaumiriza kuchipatala choterera pa cete d'zur. Imfa idabwera kwa acatore mosayembekezereka pa Disembala 26, 1933, bambo anali ndi zaka 58.
Mawu
"Masewerawa ali ndi chikhalidwe chachikulu cha anthu." "Ngati ndinu okalamba, ndiye kuti mukudziwa; Ngati ndinu achinyamata, mudzaphunzira; Ngati ndinu achikulire osadziwa, ndikupepesa kwambiri. "" Ndipo aliyense wa ife amene akusonyeza kuti akhoza kutsogolera ena, ayenera kuphunzira kwambiri. "" Mtsogoleri woipa amadziwa zoyenera kuchita. " Ndipo zabwino zikuwonetsa momwe tingachitire. "M'bali
- 1906 - "Royal Bradobrey"
- 1907 - "Ngamino zisanu za mafani"
- 1912 - "malingaliro ku Masks"
- 1918 - "Kukambirana pa Zojambula"
- 1919 - "Magees"
- 1920 - "Ivan m'Paradaiso"
- 1922 - "Kuyesedwa"
- 1926 - "Poizoni"
- 1927 - "kumadzulo"
- 1929 - "Maxim Gorky"