Otto Schmidt - Zithunzi, Biography, Moyo Wawokha, Woyambitsa Imfa, Kupita

Chiphunzitso

Ma Schmidt Surname, kuchokera ku Germany ndi zilankhulo zina, amasamutsidwira ku Kuznesov, kunka kuvala anthu ambiri otchuka - asayansi ndi olemba, osewera, othamanga. Awiri a Schmidt ndi otchuka kwambiri ku Russia - Nyanja Yakuda Yakuda, yomwe yakhala yosenda ya Ilfa ndi Yevgeny Petrov, mawonekedwe a Baj ndi nthabwala "zofiira" zotchedwa Otto. Wofufuza polar anaphatikiza talente ya masamu ndi geophysics ndi talente ya bungwe ndipo inali ndi mawonekedwe a Santa Claus.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Otto Yulievich Schmidt adabadwa pakugwa kwa 1891 mu ufumu wa Russia. Mu kanema wa pasayansi, adanenedwa kuti mbadwa kuti mbadwa za mzinda wa Mogilev, yemwe adathandizira chachikulu ku sayansi, adachitika kuchokera ku anyamata a ku Lotvian. Izi sizowona: Makolo a Schmidt ochokera kumbali ya abambo ndi Ajeremani.

Zosangalatsa za biography yoyambirira ya Schmidt:

• Mu 1897, cholemba pafupifupi cha Otto Schmidte wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu yemwe adawonekera mogulev - mwana adagonjetsa mtsinje wa Native.
• Ali ndi zaka 8, mnyamatayo analakalaka kukhala "wamkulu" wa Sahara chipululu kuti akathetse vuto la madzi;
• Pophunzira ku Kiev masewera olimbitsa thupi a Kiev, Otto nthawi ina sanaphunzire umboni wa therorem womwe wapatsidwa mnyumbayo ndipo panthawi yomwe ikuyankha phunziroli ndi njira yake.

Tili ndi unyamata wake, Schmidt adapanga mndandanda wamabuku omwe akufuna kuwerenga. Zinapezeka kuti pakukwaniritsidwa kwa omwe ali ndi pakati kumafunikira kupewa kufa kwa zaka chikwi. Mnyamatayo adachepetsa mndandandawa nthawi 4, komanso kufikira kukhazikitsa kwa malotowo, adachepetsa nthawi yakugona ndi kudya.

Nditamaliza maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi a Medal, Otto adalowa ku Yunivesite ya Kiev. Ntchito ya sayansi yomwe idafalitsidwa kwa zaka za ophunzira pantchito ya masamu idatsegula mnyamatayo payekha (fanizo la sukulu yamakono yomaliza maphunziro). Mnyamatayo anali kukonzekera kuti apeze mutu wa pulofesa.

Ntchito Yasayansi

Schmidt adaulula kuti anthu awiri amakhala mmenemo - sayansi ndi machitidwe: Kusintha kwazachuma kwachuma komwe kudachitika ku Russia kukwaniritsa chachiwiri komanso Otto kuposa woyamba. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, wasayansi adabwera kwa Kiev kusangalala ndikudzipereka kuti athane ndi njalayo poyambitsa chakudya chofalitsidwa ndi iye.

Pambuyo pa chigonjetso cha October, Schmidt adalumikizana ndi chipani cha Bolsheviks, kusunthidwa ku Petrograd, kenako ku Moscow. Posakhalitsa wasayansi adadzakhala membala wa woyang'anira chakudya, adachita nawo kupanga ziyembekezo. Mu Januwale 1919, m'malo mwa Vladimir Lenin, Otto Yulievich adakonzanso katundu pa otoma. Wogwiritsa ntchito polarist anagwira ntchito komanso osokoneza bongo - anakonza ogwira ntchito yophunzitsira ntchito.

Munthu wa Encyclopededic, Otto Schmidt adakhala mkonzi wa "ntchito yayikulu ya Sovietclopedia", ntchitozo zinali zochepa - zolakwa zomwe zapezeka m'nkhaniyo sizinatsindike, koma zake zidakonzedwa. Popita nthawi, zopambana za wasayansi m'magawo a geography ndi zakuthambo zikuwonjezeredwa kwa achinyamata mu gawo la masamu.

M'zaka za m'ma 4000, Schmidt adapanga lingaliro lazomera za dzuwa kuchokera ku mtambo wa mafuta. Pa nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko lapansi, kukhala Purezidenti wa Academy of Science, adakonza zotulukapo zofufuzira zofufuzira.

Ulendo

Ku Otto, Schmidte anakhala Jules-vernovsky mzimu woyenda. Kukhala pa chithandizo ku Germany, wasayansi "adadwala mapiri ndipo mu 1928 adayamba kukwerera Pamri, zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwachilengedwe komanso kukula kwamphamvu kwa fedchenko. Pamene mapiri ogonjetsedwa am'mapiri, Schmidt adawonetsa zachilendo kwa wasayansi yemwe amatha kutsogolera anthu muzochitika mwadzidzidzi, adachezeredwa mu kampeni yam'madzi ku Arctic.

Kuyamba kwa epereaca eperea Otto Julievich adasambira 2 kusambira kwa ice kubzala "sedov". Choyamba - "zasayansi ndi zasayansi" - Kukwera kwasayansi "- Kumeneko kunali chitsimikiziro cha ulamuliro wa dziko la Soviet padziko la Franz Joseph. Zochita za ulendowo zinali kuwuka kwa mbendera ya nyundo ya sulufure pachilumba cha Gucker ndi mbiri yakale yolowera kumpoto kwa chipinda cha oundana. Kumapeto kwa mbali yachiwiri kumpoto, Otto Julievich adatsimikizira kuti Visi Yachilumba za Chilumba cha Visa, otseguka, monga pronet ya Nepture, ndi chilumbachi chotchedwa dzina la Schmidt.

Mu 1932, wasayansi, atatsala pang'ono kukhazikitsidwa ndi kafukufuku wa Arctic, anapita kukasambira mu sitima youndana "Alexander Sibriak" kuti afotokozere za njira yakumpoto yothetsera kuyenda panyanja limodzi. Pa tsiku la 14, ophunzira omwe adayamba kugwira ntchito ku Arkhangels adakulidwa kumpoto ndi polar Equip Rewards zaka 2 zapitazo mu ulendo wachiwiri wa Schmidt Artidt Artick.

Kuyambira pachilumba cha Bolshevik ndi Taimy Peninnins adadzazidwa ndi ayezi, omwe akuyenda adaganiza zopita ku Chisilamu kuchokera kumpoto, chomwe mpaka kungathekere ku chombo chilichonse. Pa Seputembara 10, 200 km kuchokera ku Betket Sterise ayezi atathyola mzere wa oundana, ndipo SiBriatov adanyamuka. Kuti alere kumbuyo ndikuchotsa kusokonekera, gulu la sitima ya sitima yomwe inatulutsa matani 400 a malasha amphuno ya sitimayo. Pambuyo pokonza, malo osungira mafuta abwereranso ku chakudya, ndipo Asiberi anapitiliza kusambira.

Kenako kutsatira ngozi yachiwiri. Oyendetsa mariti oyendetsa sitima zapamadzi omwe adakweza mafunde oundana, adatulutsa sitimayo ndi zingwe, adaphulika Torus pogwiritsa ntchito Amoni. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wachiwiri wa 1932, Siberyakovtsy adafika ku Cape dezhnev ndikupereka moni chilengedwe cha chilengedwe ndi mikhalidwe. Posachedwa Otto Schmidt adakhala mutu wa polar polar.

M'chilimwe cha chaka chamawa, chisanu chodziwika bwino cha Arctic chidayambitsidwa - kusambira kwa sitima ", komwe Bwerendly Steward Shaw idakumana ndi tsoka. Chiwiya chonyamula katundu chonyamula katundu chomwe chapezeka pabwali zosungirako za Danish sichinasinthidwe chifukwa choyenda mu Arctic.

Pa Seputembara 23, ayezi adatsekeka chotengera pamalo a ngozi ya chaka chatha "Sigriakov". Pachifukwa ichi, mwezi wapakati pa miyezi 5, ndipo pa February 13, madzi oundana amatulutsa stewamer, ndi "Chelynin" yolowera. Panthawi yakuchotsa, Zanemasis adaphedwa, dzina lake lidadziwika kuchokera ku dzina la mzinda wa Schmidt.

Anthu 104 otsala, kuphatikiza azimayi 10 ndi ana awiri, amakhala miyezi iwiri pa ayezi ndipo adachotsedwa pa ndege zopitilira 20. Schmidt anathandizira mzimu wa anzake komanso kuwerenganso zojambulajambula m'chihema. Otto Julievich adapangidwa kuti atulutsidwe pamapeto pake, koma akudwala chibayo chachikulu, komanso kukhazikika kwa boma lakale pa Epulo 11 Kupita kuchipatala ku Alaska.

Moscow adakumana "chelyussev" monga opambana. Zithunzi zambiri zogwidwa ndi minocvites, zimalandira oyenda ku Arctic. Oyendetsa ndege adakhala ngwazi yoyamba ya Soviet Union, ndipo okalamba a ulendowo adalandira lamuloli.

Mu 1937, ndege yomwe inka ndi Otto Schmidt ndi polar Equipler inafika ku North Pole, ndipo malo a Soviet ndi dzina lotere adapangidwanso pafupi ndi "Makumaushka" padziko lapansi. Mutu wadziko lapansi wa dziko loyenda unali Ivan Paanin, pambuyo pake adakwiya ndi Schmidt kuchokera ku mutu wa mutu wa mutu wa mutu.

Moyo Wanu

Wamtali, wamaso owala, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe owala msanga, omwe amafuna kuti a Joke wina ndi yekhayo, Otto adakondwera ndi kugonana kokongola. Akazi atatu omwe amakonda kwambiri adapereka ana amuna atatu.

Mkazi woyamba Otto Yulievich - wobadwa nawo wotsogolera Veraya - anali wamkulu kuposa wasayansi kwa wasayansi kwa zaka ziwiri. Zowona kwa mwana wa Vorumena anali maziko a mkazi polemba buku la "Diary ya Amayi". Vera Fedorovna, yemwe anamwalira ali ndi zaka 47 kuchokera ku matenda a chithokomiro, ndiye woyambitsa wa Soviet.

Mkazi wachiwiri wa Schmidt, anzathu achikhulupiriro Yonutskaya, Margarita voosker anali woopa. Sagurd Schmidt adapita kumapazi a mayi ndipo adakhala wolemba mbiri. Epiopan EPopea adapatsa mawonekedwe pa moyo wa Otto Juliyovich. Kuyambira wasayansi unkakhala ndi pakati pa Alexander Gorkkaya, yemwe amagwira ntchito yopumira. Nyenyezi ya Polar sanawononge ukwati ndi votor, koma mwana wa Sasha wavomereza dzina lake lomaliza.

Imfa

M'zaka zaposachedwa za moyo, yemwe kale anali kudwala. Choyambitsa kufa m'masabata angapo mpaka chikumbutso cha 65 chinali chifuwa chachikulu, kutayidwa m'mapapu pa larynx.

Manda a Maphunzironi amapezeka pa manda a Novodevichy a capital ku Russia.

Kukumbuka

• Institute of Sybilics Otchedwa O.YU. Schmidt Russian Academy of Sayansi
• Asteroid (2108) "OTTO SCHDIDT"
• Schmidt Cle mu Antarctica
• O. Yu. Mphotho ya Schmidt ya Russian Academy of Sayansi ya Science Yogwira Ntchito Yapamwamba Kwambiri Pamunda Wofufuza ndi Kukula Kwa Arctic.
• Cape Otto Schmidt - Cape pa Chukotka (RF)
• Cape Schmidt - Kukhazikika kwamizinda ku Chukotka (RF)
• Schmidt Avenue ku Mogilov (Republic of Belarus)
• Schmidt Avenue mu kanyumba kanyumba Nikolina Phiri (Odintsovo chigawo cha Moscow, RF)
• Sukulu ya Museum "nkhani ya aphunzitsi a Arctic. O.U. Schmidt Mou "Motomisanium No. 4" MurmanSk (RF)

• Peak o.yu. Schmidt (5954 m) - "tianana kanchinjung" (wotchedwa the Peak Space)
• Oundana oundana a polojekiti 51 "Otto Schmidt" (kuyambira 1938, Anastas Mikoyan, adasiyanso mu 1968)
• Kusaka kwa Sayansi Kusungunuka kwa Project 97n "Otto Schmidt" (nthawi yogwira ntchito: kuyambira 1979 mpaka 1991).
• Mayina: Oyuschinld (a): "Otto Yulievich Schmidt pa Ice", lambamilt (a): "Schmidt Camp (a):" Schmidt Camp "
• Onjezani O.YU. Schmidt mu Museum ya Nyanja ya Nyanja (Arkhangelsk, RF)
• Masitampu 1935, 1966 ndi 2001. kumasulidwa.

M'bali

• 1916 - "Chiphunzitso cha Gulu"
• 1926 - "macheza ndi sayansi yachilengedwe: zitsanzo za kusinthika kwa kuchuluka kwa"
• 1933 - "Chiphunzitso cha Gulu"
• 1934 - "Kufufuza kwa Arctic mu Soviet Union"
• 1936 - "Ntchito zathu mu 1936. lipoti la msonkhano wa ogwira ntchito panyumba ya Glaysevmolti dongosolo la SCC 13 Jan. 1936 "
• 1944 - "chiphunzitso cha Meteoria cha chiyambi cha dziko lapansi ndi mapulaneti" (Dokl. Academy of Sayansi)
• 1947 - "Potheka Kuuka Kulanda Makina Akumwamba"
• 1948 - "Vuto lakugwira ntchito ya matupi atatu"
• 1949 - "Kuchokera padziko lapansi ndi mapulaneti"
• 1957 - "Nkhani Zina Zinayi pa Chiphunzitso cha Chiphunzitso cha Chiyambinti cha Dziko Lapansi"
• 1959 - "Ntchito zosankhidwa. Masamu "