Chiphunzitso
Mzindawu waukulu kwambiri wa USA - New York - okhala ndi anthu 20 miliyoni okhala, komanso troy megalopolis, Hudson, Albany ndi Kingbay, yemwe ndi dzina la Meadzan. Amadziwika kuti wofufuza madera a kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Amereka ndi Canada wamakono. Kuphatikiza pa mtsinjewo, polemekeza Great Britain, strait ndi bay yotchedwa, kukula kotsiriza kawiri kumapitilira Nyanja ya Baltic. Kuti adzipereka pamlanduwo, bwana Henry Hudson adalipira moyo wake kwa Mwana wake.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Olemba mbiri yakale komanso osilira a navagator nthabwala yomwe mtsinjewo suyenera kuyitanitsa palibe Hudson, koma Hudson, chifukwa masheya-a dziko lapansi a Mrgendary of the Creetr of Banr Street Street Street Street Street Street Street. Koma kutanthauzira kwa Russia kwatembenukira ku Henry Hudson ku Henry Hudson.
Bizinesi ya wofufuzayo ndi theka lokokedwa kuchokera oyera mawanga, zomwe sizodabwitsa, pambuyo pa zonse, bwana wa Sirry amakhala ku Zaka za XVI. Amakhulupirira kuti adabadwira ku London mu Seputembara 1570, ndipo njira ya ku Seigavaavania idayamba ku Jung.
Kodi makolo a Hudson anali ndani, nkhaniyo ili chete, popeza sananene kuti, ngakhale anali yekhayo mwana m'banjamo kapena anakula kukhala ndi abale ndi alongo. Zimayendetsedwa mu umodzi: Kuyambira ndili mwana mpaka masiku aposachedwa, moyo wa Henry udalumikizidwa ndi nyanja. Jung Doros kwa Captain, adalemba dzina lake m'mbiri ya oyenda ndi zilembo zagolide.
Maulendo ndi kafukufuku
Zaka zachinyamata za Goodzon akufufuza mwachidwi kwa azungu poyenda ku America kuchokera kumpoto kudutsa munyanja ya Arctic kuti athe ku Asia. Cholepheretsa chopanda tanthauzo panjira ya kulimba mtima kunali mwankhanza mwankhanza komanso chisanu. Koma okayikira adakhulupirira kuti dzuwa, lomwe silinasiye thambo la kumpoto kwa miyezi itatu, kusungunula ayezi, ndi mitsinje ya nyanjayo ndi mitsinje ikuyenda nayo kumpoto kwa dziko la America ndi njira yotheka ku Nyanja ya Pacific.
Mu 1607, pa khomo la kampani yogulitsa ku Britain, yomwe inali ndi malonda oyenda ndi Russia, kapitalo wokhazikika wazaka 37 wanny Henry Hudson adawonekera. Mbizinesiyo, yomwe imatchedwa kampani ya ku Moscow, ndi m'modzi mwa ochepa omwe amatha kudzitamanda ma dipuloma achifumu ndi bajeti yolimba. Hudson adati akudziwa momwe angafikire Japan, kuchepetsa njira kudzera kumpoto.
Ku London, dzina la kapitalo silinanene chilichonse chokhudza chilichonse, koma bwana Henry amadziwa momwe angachitire. Kampaniyo idayesa pangano lolimba mtima lomwe siginecha yake idawonekera. Koma pa "kuwolowa manja" kwa kampaniyo kunatha: Hudson anapereka chiyembekezo chakale "80" (chiyembekezo chabwino "), chomangika chokongola poyenda m'mphepete mwa North America, ndi gulu la anthu 12.
Sitimayi yotsogozedwa ndi Hudon, mu Meyi 1607 kutaya mtima kuchokera ku gombe, ndipo pakati pa June anafika ku Greenland. Sabata Hery anayenda m'mbali mwa kumpoto, ndipo mpaka kufikira madigiri a Kumpoto, natembenukira kummawa ndi kumapeto kwa June, pofika kumapeto kwa chibisi cha Svalbard. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, sitimayo idayima: kuchititsa khungu ma ice shiirms agundana asanadye. Pakati pa Seputembala, chiyembekezo chabwerera kwawo kudongosolo lake.
A Henry Hudson sanakane maulendo owopsa: mu chisupe cha 1608 Iye anatsogolera ndi "chiyembekezo chabwino" chinapitanso pamsewu. Nthawi ino kapitawo anali kuyang'ana kumpoto chakum'mawa, kukonzekera kudutsa kumpoto kwa Eurasia. Pambuyo poyenda theka lachiwiri la Epulo ndi kuthana ndi mamailosi 25, mu Julayi, sitima yapadziko lapansi idafika padziko lapansi. Koma pakati pa chilimwe, ayezi wa ku Arctic sanabwerere. Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, "chiyembekezo chabwino" nthawi yachiwiri adabwerera kukhomo la chilichonse.
Kampaniyo idakana ulendo wachitatu womwe wofufuzayo adaumiriza. Chifukwa chake, mu 1609th a Henry adasintha malo a ntchito ndikukhala ku East India kampani ya Dutch. Anawotcha ndi chidwi chofuna kulowa ku Asiya njira yochepa kwambiri, kudzera mwa Arctic. Hudson anaphwanya malamulo a dziko lake, kuletsa atsogoleri a Britain kukagwira ntchito kwa makampani akunja. Henry adaganiza zongopeka, chifukwa sanakhulupirire kudziko lakwawo.
A Britain adapereka chotengera chaching'ono "chopanda ma Maen" ("Crescent"), sichoyenera kuti aziyenda motentha kwambiri mu nyengo yankhondo ya Arctic. Sitimayi idasiya doko la Amsterdam mu Epulo ndikuyesa kuchokera kumpoto kukamenya dziko latsopano. Ogwira ntchitoyo amakhala ndi mwayi wogwira ntchito, ribopal: mphepo yoboola ndi chipale chofewa, ndikudula chipinda chomwe oyendetsa sitimawo amakhala. Woyang'anirayo ananena kuti asintha njirayo potembenukira ku gombe la America: apo Hudson adawerengedwa kuti apeze gawo la Pacific Ocean.
Pakati pa chilimwe, "Crescent" adafika ku Newfoundland, kenako napita ku South, komwe kafukufukuyu adapunthwa pa bay, komwe mtsinje waukulu komanso wadzaza umathamangira kumpoto. Atadutsa mtunda wamakilomita 150, a Henry Hudson kotero sanapeze njira yopita ku Pacific Ocean.
Kubwera kwa nthawi yovuta yokakamizidwa ndi ogwira ntchito kuti abwerere ku doko latsopanolo. Paulendo wopita ku Amsterdam Bwana Henry anayang'ana ku England. Koma, akupita ku Darrmouth, ku Britain yemwe adaphwanya lamulolo anali woletsedwa kuchoka mdzikolo, akuwopseza khothi kuti ligwire ntchito pa kampani ya Chidatchi. Ataphunzira kuti sitimayo ndi ya kampani yayikulu, ku Britain Recoution.
Mu 1610, Dutch idapereka ufulu wotsegulira Hudson pakamwa pa mtsinje wa dziko lapansi, kukhazikika ku malo okhala pano. Posakhalitsa, amagulitsa oimira mafuko a India, omwe magalasi ndi mipeni yawo idasinthidwa ndi zikopa za Bobrov pamagalasi. Koma, kuyambira ndi zikopa, chilumba chonsecho chinatsika chilumba chonsecho kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino. Ngati timasulira mtengo wa zinthu zamitengo yaposachedwa, malo omwe adalandirapo amatenga $ 700. Kupambana kwa malonda akuti mtengo wa dziko la chilumba cha Manhattan lero: $ 49 biliyoni
Poyamba, The Dutch ndi mtsinje, ndi chilumba chotchedwa Manhata. Pokhapokha ndi nthawi komanso chipongwe, ndipo mtsinjewo udalandira dzina la oyendayenda, ndipo chilumbachi chidakhala Manhattan. Pambuyo pa 200, Jules Verne omwe afotokozedwa m'buku limodzi, Ulendo wa Kaputeni Gightras ku North Pole, koma ngakhale nthawi imeneyo ntchitoyi idawonedwa ngati nthano yabwino kwambiri, yomwe idapeza mtsogolo mwachilengedwe.
Ngwazi zosokoneza bongo za nettral tompil Nolil Malil wokhala ndi mphamvu yosagonjetseka, yomwe inachitikanso kwa oyenda ku Hudzon. Mu 1610-London Othandizira Okonzeka 'Kupeza "(" Kutsegulira "). Ntchito yomwe kapuyo isanakwatiranenso: Kuti mupeze gawo la pantfic Ocean kuchokera ku North-West. Njira ya chombocho idataya mtima kuchokera ku doko la London mu Epulo, adathamanga kuchokera ku gombe la Greenland. Mu Julayi, a Henry Hudson adapereka chothandizira pa sayansi, kupeza chowawa, omwe sitimayo idapita kumadzulo.
"Kupezeka", kuthana ndi vutolo, kunapezekanso m'goli. Koma sindinathe kupeza gawo la madzi a Pacific Ocean. Lero, kuyang'ana pa mapu, anthu omwe akhalapo nthawi ya anthu ambiri angakhulupirire kuti ndizosatheka kupeza kutuluka kwa nyanja, chifukwa sichoncho. Koma bwana Henry adazindikira za izi, ndikungoyesa Bay. Ntchitoyi idatenga nthawi yambiri, sitimayo idachedwa ndipo idapezeka kuti ikhale mu msuzi wa ayezi. Crew adabwera kumtunda, ndikuphwanya nthawi yozizira pafupi ndi chilumba cha Labrador.
Gululi lidapulumuka nthawi yozizira, ndikuyembekeza mu kasupe kuti abwerere kwawo. Koma kapuyo analimbikira kupitirira kwa ulendowu. Adadwala chipolowe.
Moyo Wanu
Palibe chidziwitso chokhudza moyo wa anthu achingelezi. Kukhalapo kwa Mwana yemwe adapita ku ulendowu akuwonetsa ndi kukhalapo kwa mkazi. Koma chidziwitso chokhudza momwe iye amachitira ndipo banja la Henry Hudson silinasungidwe. Sizikudziwika ngati anali ndi ana, kupatula mwana wamwamuna wachinyamata, ataponyedwa ndi gulu lomwe limapezeka ndi gawo lakufalitsidwa ndikufa.Imfa
M'chilimwe cha 1611, a Henry Hudson adalengeza gulu, lovuta kupulumuka nthawi yozizira ndikulota kubwerera ku doko, lomwe limafuna kupitiliza kufufuza Bay. Akuluakulu adafuna kubwerera ku England ndipo adakana kumvera woyang'anira. Brank idatha ndi bwana Henry ndi mwana wamwamuna wazaka 15 ndipo oyendetsa sitima 7 adafika m'bwatomo ndikuchoka kunyanja. Unali imfa yokhulupirika, chifukwa ndalama sizinapereke. Kuzindikira kunabwerera ku doko.
A Mboni za imfa ya imfa ya Henry Gookzon ayi, ndipo za zomwe zimayambitsa kufa kwa nyanjayo zimangokhala kulingalira. Mwinanso wofufuzayo ndi mwana wamwamuna ndi mamembala okhulupirika a gululi adamwalira ndi kuzizira kumadzi akumpoto. Zida zotsalira. Tsoka la Hudson lidauzira atotoni a John Centry pachithunzichi, dzina lake "Ulendo Womaliza Henry Hudzon."
Zomwe Britain akhanda zimawoneka ngati, zitha kuwoneka pa chithunzi cha Hudzon kuchokera ku "Encyclopedia ya mbiri yadziko lonse lapansi" ya 1885. Koma wolemba Hudson - Thomas Jevane - adalemba:
"Mfundo yoti munthuyo afotokozedwe ku kolala si Hudson, sungakhale wotsimikiza."Zosangalatsa zokhudza moyo ndi zochitika za oyendayenda pambuyo pake pambuyo pa olemba mabilogalamu. Mu kafukufuku ndi zolaula zimafotokozedwa kuti wina wamkulu wobiriwira wakhala woyambitsa matenda. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti kale Hudson anagwirizira munthuyu kunyumba yake ya ku London, kenako navomera gulu, alanditsa kuchokera ku kampani.
Green ankayembekezera kukwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha woyang'anira chifukwa cha oyang'anira yemwe adamwalira Pustekar, yemwe anali ndi mitundu. Sir a Nanry Surthuk sanataye kuti adakhala udzu womaliza wamasiku, omwe anali atakhala kale "madzi ozunzidwa" pa chotengera. Pamene bwato ndi wabwino, mwana wake, wothandizira kwa oyendayenda ndi oyendetsa sitimawo adaponya pa kufooka kwa chizolowezi, gulu la sitimayo linathamangira kukayikira chakudyacho. Koma mu kanyumba kake panali matsenga awiri okha, ufa wa ufa ndi mitsuko ya mowa.
Oyendetsa sitima omwe adabwerera ku doko adazengedwa: ku Britain pachiwopsezo cha sitima, adawopa kungidwa. Koma chifukwa cha umboni wosokonezeka wa omwe akuganiza kuti akumasulidwa. Akuluakulu a woyendetsa ndegeyu adawonetsa:
Komabe, paliponso chifukwa china choganiza kuti (kumanzere m'bwatomo) chotseguka kumtunda cha James ndikukhala miyezi yambiri, mpaka patatha zaka zambiri, mpaka imfa itawadzera. "Okayikira amatcha mizere iyi poyesera kudziyesa: palibe m'modzi ndipo osapereka HUDSON ndi oyendetsa sitimawo adapeza.
Kuphatikiza pa a Britain, North America adafufuzidwa ndi Italy John Kabot, Scot Alexander Mackezarie ndi Frenchmn Jacquir Cashir. Zochita zawo zinali zofunikira kwambiri.
Kukumbuka
- Dzina la Hudson ndi nyanja yamchere, yotseguka ndi oyendayenda.
- Centzov Centit idayamba kulowa kwa Arctic kwa zombo zonse zomwe adachita pofunafuna njira ya kumpoto chakumadzulo kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Atlantic.
- Polemekeza Henry Hudison Hudzon, enanso otchulidwa kale: Mtsinje, Hudson County ku New Jersey, Bridge ku New York, mzinda ku New York.
- Henry Hudson, limodzi ndi mamembala ena ogwira ntchito amachotsedwa mchombo, amawoneka ngati mkhalidwe mu ntchito ya Washington Irland ".