A John Cabot - chithunzi, mbiri yakale, moyo waumwini, chifukwa cha imfa, wofufuza

Chiphunzitso

Italiator Giovanni Caboto, wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi monga John Cabot - munthu woyamba amene wafika m'mabanki aku Canada. Kuyenda kwa cabota kumawerengedwa kuti ndi maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri ku Eurth America.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Giovanni Caboto, mwina pa 1450, pa Meyi 23, adaleredwa m'banja la Julio Caboto ndi mkazi wake, limodzi ndi Mbale Pidro.

Ku Italy mizinda ya Gaet ndi Kiriglion-kyiarese amadziwika kuti ndi malo omwe amawoneka. Olemba mbiri yakale amatsamira njira yoyamba, chifukwa muzosungira za Gaeta pali zolemba (kusintha 1443) za mtundu wa Caboto. Komabe, Pedro de Aiyala, m'makalata a m'nthawi ya anthu opita ku Spain adafotokoza za John Kabota monga "Geonzi ina, ngati Columbus." Kanduglquigllaing-kyabareza ndi mzinda mu Genoa chigawo cha Genoa, ndi Gaeta - ku dera la Latia.

Amadziwika kuti ogonjera a North America ndi dziko la ku Italy.

Za biogy ya a John Cabota amadziwa pang'ono. Mu 1476, adakhala nzika ya Republic Republic, yomwe imafunikira zaka zosachepera 15 mumzinda. Chifukwa chake, banja la wofufuzayo linasamuka osapitilira 1461.

Chifuniro chamulungu

Citizenvesion Citizendsion adapatsa Keboti kukhala wolondola pankhani ya malonda am'madzi, kuphatikiza mu Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Conff adapangitsa ku Italiya pakudziwa zinthu zakum'mawa - zonunkhira ndi silika. Pogula kuchokera ku Aseraba, Kabot anali ndi chidwi ndi kumene zonunkhira zimachokera. Kuchokera pamalingaliro achifwamba, bambo adazindikira kuti malo obadwira ndi India. Chikhumbo chopita kudziko lino ndikulimbikitsa Cabota ya Adventures.

Zoona za moyo wa John Cabota zimadziwika ndi zikomo. Chifukwa chake, pofika pakati pa 1484, wofufuzayo anakwatira Mattei ndipo anali ndi ana awiri. Onsewa, amuna atatu anali ataleredwa m'banjamo - Louis, Santo ndi Sebastian Cabot. Pamodzi ndi abambo ake, adayenda padziko lapansi.

Pa Novembala 5, 1488, a John Kabot adasiya Venice ngati ngongole yakukhonda ndikusamukira ku Valencia. Ofufuzawo adayesanso kumangidwa, kulumikizana ndi othandizira aboma, koma ku Spain adafunsanso funsoli, palibe amene adakhudzidwa ndi wachifwamba.

Kukhala ku Valenycia, John Cabot Montecalha (kotero woyendayo akutchulidwa m'makalata a komweko) adanenanso mapulani a kukonzanso doko, womwe udakanidwa. Kumayambiriro kwa 1494, bambo wina anasamukira ku Seville, komwe amagwira ntchito yomanga ukwati wa miyala kudutsa mtsinje wa Guadalquiviivir. Ntchitoyi idasiyidwa ndi lingaliro la olamulira mu Disembala chaka chomwecho.

Pambuyo pa zolephera zingapo m'munda wamainjiniya womanga Kabot adakumbukira kukonda nyanja. Adafunsa aboma a Seville ndi Lisbon kuti athandizire ku bungwe la ulendo wa Atlantic Ocean. Popanda kulandira yankho, bambo pakati pa 1495 anapempha boma la England. Popeza takanamira, Giovanni Caboto adalowa chibwenzi cha Chingerezi, kukhala John Cabtot.

Maulendo ndi kafukufuku

Mu 1480, a John Kabot, pokhala wochita malonda, adafuula kwa olamulira a Bristol kuti akonzekere ku Brazil - zilumba za Celth Chambelogy, zinali zozama za Opanga a Atlantic. Chilumbachi chomwe chinachititsa kuti zipinda za mtengo wa ku Brazil, zomwe zinali zotheka kupeza utoto wofiira wofiira. Kupambana kwaulendowu kumabweretsa mtundu wina wa chuma kupita ku cabota, koma chonde kumbukirani.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, wolemba mbiri waku Britain Elvadk adasindikiza zolemba, malinga ndi omwe John Kabot mu June 1495 adafika ku London chilolezo chochita nsungwani. Mmodzi mwa ogwiritsa ntchito ake anali bambo ake a Giovanni Antonio de Carbonaries, omwe, okhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi bwalo lachifumu, adapereka woyenda ku Henry VII wapaulendo.

Mu Marichi 1496, Kabot adalandira ngongole kuchokera ku banki ya Florence, yomwe inali ndalama zambiri zofunika kusambira, koma osatseka funso la ndalama. Nthawi yomweyo, Heinrich VII idapatsa munthu wapaulendo kuti "azisambira mbali zonse, madera ndi gombe lakumadzulo, lakuthwa kumadzulo ndi kumpoto pansi pa zikwangwani za Chingerezi ndi mbendera." Chikalatachi chikuwonetsa kuti ulendowu wa Kabota uyenera kuyamba kuchokera ku Bristol, ndipo zomwe zidapeza paulendowu zidakhala katundu wa England.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mwinanso, m'chilimwe cha 1496, John Kabot adayamba kusambira koyamba. Dera Lofufuzira, njira ndi cholinga choyendera sizikudziwika. Mwina Italiya adaganizabe kuti adzafika m'mphepete mwa ku Brazil yapamwamba. Chokhacho chomwe chikusonyeza kuti ulendowu ndi kalata ya wamalonda wa Bristol John Nafigator Christopher chaka chozizira cha 1497. Malonda ambiri amafotokoza ulendo wachiwiri wa Cabota, koma pali zambiri izi:

"Anapita ku sitima imodzi ndi gulu losasindikizidwa, pakati panjira yotsalira osasungidwa ndipo adathamanga kukhala nyengo yoyipa, motero ndidaganiza zobwerera."

Ntchito yotsatira ya Cabot idatenga mu 1497. Paulendowu umadziwika kwambiri kuchokera ku Bristol Chrocle. Malinga ndi izi, pa June wazaka 24, "malo a America adapezeka ndi ogulitsa bristol." Chombo "cha Mchere" chomwe mwina chinatchedwa kuti mkazi wa wofufuza mattei, adatuluka padongosolo 2 ndi 18-20 anthu a Board ndikubwerera pa Ogasiti 6.

Zosangalatsa zochokera ku ukatswiri wotseguka m'makalata a John Daia, yemwe, mwa olemba mbiri yakale, anali pa Mateyo. Wogulitsa akuwonetsa kuti sitimayo idakhala masiku 35 kunyanja. Kenako, pafupifupi mwezi wa cabot yodzipereka pa kafukufuku wa Sushi, akuyenda ku Brazil yapamwamba kwambiri. Njira yobweretsera idatenga masiku 15.

Ndi kufika koyamba kwa Kabot kunalengeza dzikolo la Mfumu ya Chingerezi. Malo enieni nthawi yayitali anali mutu wa mikangano ya olemba mbiri ndi olemba mafakitale. Monga momwe mungakhalire, zilumba za Labrador, Maine, Cape Breton, Cape Bovist amaganiziridwa. M'zaka za 500 zomwe zidapita ku Canada ndi Great Britain, malo ovomerezeka, malo owoneka a Casuus Island.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Chitsimikizo cha mfundo imeneyi ndi chilembo cha Milan Capador Raymon de Raymond of the Keabat adapeza malo pachilumba cha Newfoundland, "Ray nsomba." Pambuyo pake, pomwepo mu Nyanja ya Atlantic ili ndi nyanja ya Atlantic idalandira dzina la banki yayikulu ya Newfoundland.

Wogulitsa Lorenzo Pasquigo kuchokera ku Venice m'kalata, yemwe wolandirayo sadziwika, akuwonetsa kuti ulendo wa cabota suli wofanana kwambiri. Ine ndimaganiza kuti "Venetian yemwe adachoka ku Bristol pa sitima yaying'ono, adabweranso ndikunena kuti adapeza dziko lapansi mu Asanu ndi 700 ochokera ku Bristol." Popeza atadutsa m'mphepete mwa atatuwo, Cabot sanakumane ndi anthu, koma amapeza - moto, ndowe zanyama, zida zophera - kuloledwa kunena kuti pali anthu okhala padziko lapansi.

Elvin Raddkok, polozera kalata ya Giovanni Antonio de Carbisory, akuti oyendetsa ndege a Bristol adapeza malowo panyanja komanso ulendo wake wa Cabota, kotero kuti chopereka chake ndi sayansi chisanachitike. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiriyo, ulendo wopita m'mphepete mwa North America unachitika zaka 20 kutchuka ku Italikiya. Komabe, kalata yomwe funso silikupezeka silikudziwika bwino chifukwa silikudziwika, kwa zomwe zimasungidwa zakale.

Kubwerera ku Bristol, John Kabot adapita kwa omvera a mfumu. Pakupeza zofunikira zadziko pa Ogasiti 10, 1497, oyendayenda adalandira kubweza kwa £ 10, yomwe kwa nthawi imeneyo inali yofanana ndi malipiro a wogwira ntchito wamba kapena waluso kwa zaka ziwiri. Mu Disembala la chaka chomwecho, Heinrich VII adasankha cholembera cha $ 20 pachaka.

Pa february 3, 1498, wofufuzayo adalandira patent paulendo watsopano, ndipo mu Meyi chaka chimodzi, adabweretsa zombo 5 kuchokera pagombe la Bristol, imodzi mwazomwe zidali ndi mfumu. Zombo zina zimasungidwa ndi zimbudzi, zomwe Kabot adakonzanso malonda.

Mu Julayi, m'modzi mwa zombo zinagwa m'mphepo yamkuntho ndipo idakakamizidwa kupita kumphepete mwa nyanja ya ku Ireland, malo ena onse adapitilira njirayo. Mu 1498, a Cabota adafika ku North America ndipo amapita m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amati ulendowu unatha m'malire a madera aku Spain ku Caribbean, koma palibe chidziwitso chodalirika pa zochitika za ulendowo.

Imfa

Tsiku, zochitika ndi chifukwa cha imfa ya John Kabota akadali chopunthwitsa. Amakhulupirira kuti zombozo zidatayika m'mphepete mwa nyanja, koma osachepera mamembala amodzi a Crew, Lancelot Tirkill, adamwalira kale mu 1501.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Malinga ndi mtundu wina, Kabot anamwalira m'njira. Lamulo linatenga mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu. Mwa njira, bamboyo adapita kumapazi a Atate, mu 1508 pomasambira ku North America, ndipo mu 1526-1530 - kumwera.

Elvin Raddtok akusonyeza kuti Kabot adabweranso mosatekeseka ku England mchaka cha 1500. Mawu omaliza a wolemba mbiriyo adachita pamaziko a map a Juan de la lalavu, omwe anali ngati gulu la ku Italy. Adagunda mfundo zomaliza zaka 1500.

Kukumbuka

Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa cabota padziko lapansi, ndipo makamaka ku UK, zithunzi za ku UK, zithunzi zambiri komanso zida zomangamanga zoperekedwa kwa ofufuzawo adapangidwa.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Chifukwa chake, m'dziko la Newfoundland komanso ku Bristol mpaka zaka 400 za kusambira kwakukulu, nsanja za kubota zidawonekera, imodzi yomwe imafika kutalika kwa 30 metres. Pofika zaka 500 za ku Bomavist Cape ndi Shores's Shores's Shores's Shores "limasuta" makope amoto ".

Newfoundland ndi Labrador, lalikulu ku London ndi Montreal, yunivesite ku Roma, Sukulu ya Katolika ku Canada amatchedwa Kabota pambuyo ku Kabota. Koma zochitika zofunika kwambiri mbiri yakale ndikuti maulendo a John Cabot adauziridwa Henry Hudzon kuti asambe.