Chiphunzitso
Scottish kafukufuku Sir Alexander McKenzie anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa anapeza njira imene anawoloka North America kuchokera kummawa kwa West mu gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri. Kukhala akupitiriza dzina lake pa mwala nyanja mu Bay a Dean, apaulendo analemba buku limene narked za nkhondo ya 1792-1794, ndi zoyenereza pa Lathu zinalengedwa Ankhondo a United Ufumu wa Great Britain.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Za mbiri oyambirira mlendo Alexander McKenzie amadziwa pang'ono. Anabadwa mu 1764 pa zilumba pa kumadzulo kwa gombe la Scotland, mnyamata unachitikira mwana ku doko mzinda wa Storunov, amene anali chigawo Westsen Isles. atate wake Kenneth Nkhata Bay McCenzie anali kuchita malonda, ndi pamene kupanduka kwa Jacobites inayamba mu dziko, anayamba utumiki wa chizindikiro cha. mayi Isabella Makiver, amene linachokera ku wamalonda banja la Lewis Island, anatsogolera munda ndi kulera ana anayi.
Pamodzi ndi wachibale, kompayila ya mapu a dera la India, Colin McCenzie, Alexander sukulu ndipo anakakhala ku New York mu 1774, pa amalume Amalume Yohane. Kumeneko, akazi ndi ana a m'banja umboni American nkhondo yomenyera ufulu, ndi amuna amene angathe kugwira manja nawo nkhondo monga lieutenants la magulu Royal.
Pamene loyalists amene anathandiza United Kingdom yosochera, Mackenzie achinyamata kampani Aunt anatumizidwa ku Montreal, komwe ndi 1779 tsogolo kafukufuku analandira wophunzira kampani Finlay malonda, Gregory & Co.
Maulendo ndi kafukufuku
Mu 1787, pamene bwana Alexandra ogwirizana ndi katundu yaikulu ya ubweya - North-Western Company Montreal, wantchitoyo wina anatuma kwa nyanja Atabask m'malo wamalonda American ndi mapu Peter Ponda.
Kutenga mbali pomanga Fort "Chipevayan", Mackenzie anaganiza kuyesa chiphunzitso cha anthu ameneŵa kuti mitsinje ikuyenda m'dera kumpoto chakumadzulo. Pa July 3, 1789, ndi wogulitsa malonda anayamba maulendowa woyamba pa madzi kuchokera Pangano mu chiyembekezo chopeza North-West yopitira ku Pacific Ocean.
Pa bwato matabwa, Alexander, limodzi ndi ochititsa Indian, anafika lalikulu kapolo nyanja, kenako anagunda expanses wa Ocean Arctic. Malinga ndi azambiriyakale, mnyamata wina dzina njira yake "Mtsinje mwala," chifukwa iye sanali kuyambitsa chilumba yaitali ya Cook pa Alaska. Kenako, geographers anadzatchedwa madzi ndi anamutcha polemekeza mpainiya boma la Alexander McCenzie, amene anabwerera ku Chipievian, anayamba kukonzekera ntchito yatsopano.
Kuti bwino kupeza m'dera la kafukufuku likudzalo, ndi Scot waphunzira makadi alipo ndipo anakumana ndi zomwe atsopano a British m'munda wa ntchito tanthauzo.
Mu 1792, McCenzie anapita kukonzanso anafufuza ndi North-West Pass, limodzi ndi Alexander Makkaya msuwani 2 ochititsa Verdrani ndi apaulendo Canada Joseph Landry, Charles Duraset, Francois, ndi ena. Gulu Chi anakopeka ndi chipiriro ndi unpretentiousness: ndi opalasa akhacita pa 12 koloko tsiku, ndi alenje anali ndi diso kukula ndi dzanja zovuta.
Kusankha Canada Dellet wa Madzi Mtsinje Bowl monga mfundo choyambirira, anzake asamukira ku West, koma posakhalitsa panopa anatembenukira kum'mwera ndi kulipanga anasiya kwa wintering malinga lotchedwa Fort Fort Fort. Pamene ayezi anayamba, maulendowa anapitiriza njira, kutilepheretsa ducts lopapatiza foothill. The otaya wakhala sizimadziwika, ndipo gulu McCenzie anafunika kuthana mtunda ndithu, chakudya ndi bwato pambuyo pawo.
Choncho, kufika foloko, Alexander anasankha kuchuluka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Parsnips, pakamwa pa zomwe mtsinje anapeza loyenda cha kumadzulo. Kuthana makumi angapo makilomita, kafukufuku wa amapunthwa pa okulira zikuluzikulu, zimene zinachititsa kuti malire chapamwamba cha Fraser Mtsinje, ndipo anaganiza zosamukira kumwera chiyembekezo kuti anaŵerama ndi motsatana zidza- kusankha kwa Pacific Ocean.
Patapita masiku angapo, mbadwa ya mbadwa anakana kupitiriza ulendo chifukwa cha mafuko zigawenga tikukhala mu imodzi ya maphompho yapafupi ndi ulendo kupita ku dziko, wobisa bwato mu msuweni wa mapiri. Kusintha pamodzi nthambi bwino Fraser anabwerera m'mbuyo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chilimbikitso, amene ankayenera kuti anyamule yekha. Only pa gombe a onyamula Language wa Bella Coula, apaulendo anapitanso pa madzi, pogwiritsa ntchito zoyendera za akomweko wochezeka.
Mlingo wa maulendowa mmene inapita patsogolo, ndi kugonjetsa ndi kuzungulira pamakomo la mtsinje phiri gawo, pa July 20, 1793, Mackenzie anakapezeka Bay kutsukidwa ndi madzi a Bay wa Mfumukazi Charlotte. Chifukwa, Scotman anapanga koyamba mayina transcontinental mphambano ya North America, patsogolo pa ulendo wa Meriouser Lewis ndi William Clark kwa zaka 12.
The kulakalaka kupitiriza ulendo m'madzi lotsegula la Pacific Ocean, Alexander anaimitsidwa ndi atsogoleri a pankhondo anthu a Heiltsuk. Asananyamuke, mutu wa msonkhano anatha zimalimbikitsa anapeza wake mu lolembedwa miyala:
"Alex McCenzy ku Canada, pa dziko, July 22, 1793."
Kenako pa mfundo kumadzulo wa Scottish, Sir Alexander McKenzi Provincial Park unapangidwa bungwe, komwe pa mwala pa mphepete mwa madzi, lolembedwa ndi zinasungidwa, anapanga mu 90s wa atumwi XVIII.
Panopa, malo ndi lotsegula alendo amene akhoza kubwereza gawo lotsiriza la njira ulendo ndi atakwera kapena pa bwato. Mu nyengo yabwino, pofuna kukhala pomanga misasa mu kumpoto kuchokera pa malo wosaiwalika ndi kupanga kuyenda panyanja mwa Ding Channel.
Komanso, maulendo pa njira anaika anthu ameneŵa kwa mayendedwe a mafuta ikuchitikira pa dera la chinthu zakale zomwe ndi wokongola makamaka kwa okonda losatha woyenda malo zakutchire. pulogalamu chikuphatikizapo anakaona 40 phazi piramidi inali pa thanthwe chikumbutso zolengeza, amene mudapholiwa malo a mizinda ya amitundu woyamba, ndipo ziboliboli pamalo cobblesty gombe mu Harbor Elcho.
Kumene, tsopano apaulendo mulibe kuthana ndi mavuto amene agwera gawo la Alexander, ndi 1794 kubwerera njira kwa Fort "Chipevayan" ndi kulemba buku lotchedwa "Travel a Alexander McCenzie ku Montreal pa mtsinje wa St. Lawrence kudzera ndi ku North America. "
Pamene nkhani imeneyi linasindikizidwa, ndi kafukufuku Scottish inapatulidwa ndi Ankhondo, ndipo kenako kwa Civil Service ndi khamu malamulo a wotsika Canada. Kukhala ndi nthumwi ina yochokera zakale County Huntington County, Alexander nawo misonkhano ya Msonkhano kwa zaka 4 ndi njira anapirira analembedwa m'magazini wapadera amene ali kutali.
Pofika chaka chomwecho, chithunzi cha mlendo, lolembedwa ndi English wojambula Thomas Louurenis, kusungidwa mu zipinda za Gallery National la Canada mu Ottawa. Mu 1812, kafukufuku anabwerera ku Scotland ndi otsala a moyo anakhala mu Nyumbayi banja kuthi ndalama baba wa, George Geddes asilikali McCenzie.
Moyo Wanu
Information za moyo wa Mackenzi wokongola akukumana ndi Kukoka. Amadziwika kuti 1812, mtsikana 14 wazaka amene anachokera mtundu wolemera nsomba ntchito, omwe ankadziwa m'madera ozungulira Scottish Nyumbayi Avoch anakwatiwa ndi munthu wachikulire.Kwa zaka 8 ukwati mkazi anabadwa ana atatu, aamuna 2 ndi mwana wamkazi amene anakulira ndi aboma pamene makolo anali pa maulendo pakati pa munda ndi likulu English.
chizolowezi yotero ya moyo mwina chifukwa zochitika za malonda kampani Hudson Bay, yoperekedwa kwa msuweni wa Atate Lady McKenzy, George Simpson.
Imfa
Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti pofika 1820, a Sir McCenzy adaipiraipira chifukwa cha matenda owala, omwe amawonetsedwa mu impso ndi mtima wawo ndipo adapangitsa kuti Alexarm aphedwe, adalemba pa Marichi 12, 1820.
Ofufuzawo adaikidwa kutali ndi Castle Castle, kum kumidzi pachilumba chakuda.
Mu 1989-1993, polemekeza mwambo wa 200 ya ulendowu, Alexander, ogwira ntchito akuwonetsa kubwereza njira yopanga ndalama, koma sakanatha kuthana ndi makilogalamu 350 omaliza, omwe adachitika.
Kukumbuka
- Mtsinje wa Mackenzie
- Sir Alexander Mckenzy Procedics Park
- Sukulu ya Enle Sing Alexander McKezie ku Toronto
- Sukulu ya Elementary Stang Alexander Mckey mu Vancouver
- Rose Alexander McKenzie