Chiphunzitso
Wolemba ndakatulo waku America Allen Ginzberg limodzi ndi anzawo omwe ali ndi zolemba zakale za Jack Kegonapo ndipo William BerOutz amadziwika kuti woyamba m'badwo. Ntchito zake zimadziwika ndi zifukwa zoyipa, ufulu woganiza, "kugonana kwa chiwerewere". Mfundo Zazikulu za Ginzberg "EMPT", m'ma 1960 idalimbikitsa chitukuko cha anthu wamba.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Irwin Allen Ginzberg adabadwa pa Juni 3, 1926 ku News, New Jersey. Abambo ake Luis Ginzberg, Myuda, anaphunzitsa filosophy ndipo analemba ndakatulo, ndipo amayi a Naomi a Naomi anali akugwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wasukulu. Ana awiri adaleredwa m'banjamo - Irwin ndi mkulu wake wa Eugene (1921 r.).
Amayi a anyamatawa anali ndi vuto la kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro, lomwe linawonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a rad. Chifukwa chake, Naomi adanena kuti zida zopepuka zidakhazikitsidwa mnyumbamo. Mwinanso, kuopa kuzunzidwa kwandale kunachitika motsutsana ndi maziko am'mimba pafupipafupi ndi oyambitsa gulu la United States. Kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 7, Irwin adapita kwa iwo ndi amayi ake. Pambuyo pake, kukumbukira kwake kunaphatikizidwa mu ndakatulo "(1956).
Naomi atayesetsa kubweretsa mavuto ndi moyo, ndipo adayikidwa kuchipatala cha maganizo. "Kumangidwa" kwa mkazi wake kunali chifukwa cholelera. Mu 1950, Louis adapeza chikondi chatsopano mwa inu aphunzitsi a aphunzitsi a Ediheni, omwe adakhala ndi zaka 26 mpaka amwalira.
Nkhani yolankhula ndi mayi wosakhazikika yakhala gwero la ntchito zazikuluzikulu: "Fufu" (1956) ndi "Kaddish" (1956 "(1961).
Mu 1943, Ginzberg adamaliza sukulu ya East Sukulu yaku East ndipo adalowa ku Yunivesite ya Columbia pa luso la malamulo. M'chaka choyamba, Allen adakumana ndi wophunzira womaliza maphunziro, wolemba mtsogolo Lucien Karra, yemwe adamudziwitsa Keruro ndi kuwutcha. Achinyamata adakumana chifukwa aliyense wa iwo anali ndi nkhawa za tsogolo la Achinyamata aku America.
Chilengedwa
Allen Ginzberg adabadwa kwa mayi yemwe anali wosakhazikika psyche yosakhazikika, yomwe idapangitsa kuti pakhale nkhani yachilendo, koma yayikulu pankhani ya wolemba ndakatulo. Nthawi ina, kuwerenga mokweza mawu, a William Blake m'nyumba mwake, wachinyamata adamva mawu ake. Poyamba, Ginzberg adati Mulungu adalankhula naye, ndiye kuti amadzitchera yekha. Kumva kufunitsitsa kunayenderana ndi ndakatulo kwa masiku angapo. Ginzberg anamuvomereza kuti alangidwe kuti akhale mawu a m'badwo watsopano ndipo anayamba kulemba ndakatulo ya "Crust" - ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri.
Kulemba Psyyselic, koma zabwino kwambiri kuti zikuluzikulu m'badwo womwe unathandizira kudalira kwa narzztic ya Ginzberg - mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zoletsedwa, wolembayo anayesa kubwezera mawu a moto. Mu 1949, moyo wa kusanduka sunapangitse kumangidwa kuti athe kuba pagalimoto. Ndende ya ndende idapita ku Ginzberg mokakamizidwa ku chipatala cha amisala, komwe adakumana ndi Carl Solomoni - munthu yemwe adadzipereka kwa "kulira."
"Kulemba" kumakhala ndi magawo atatu. Mu ginzberg yoyamba, yodziwika bwino, mahule, ogonana amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Anthu awa, omwe amawerengedwa kuti gulu la anthu, mu 1950s ndi 1960s, adapanganso mbadwo pang'ono, amafuna kuti anthu azisuntha. Ginzberg amawatcha oyera mtima, amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zokhudzana ndi kugonana komanso zomwe zimachitika pambuyo pake, zomwe pambuyo pake zidzakhala chifukwa choletsa ndakatulo.
Njira yofunika kwambiri ya gawo lachiwiri ndi lolor - UMOYO, amene anamwalira ana. Mu "kufuula" ndi gulu lankhondo lozizira, lomwe limaperekedwa kwa m'badwo wa Ginzberg. Wolemba ndakatulo amanyoza anthu aku America chifukwa cha ludzu la ndalama ndi chiwawa, nthawi yomweyo kulalikira ufulu wazolankhula, malingaliro ndi chikondi cha a Hipsters.
Gawo lomaliza ndi anthem la Karl Solomoni, yemwe "moyo wake ndi wosalakwa ndipo sayenera kumwalira molingana ndi psyyide." Mu ma vesi, Ginzberg amakamba nkhani yokhudza mnzake, omwe amavutika ndi matenda ovutika maganizo ndipo akufuna kudzipha, koma osati mwanjira yanthawi zonse. Nthawi ina, Solomoni adafika kuchipatala cha amisala ndipo adamupempha kuti amupangitse Lobotomy - tsoka, lomwe limamvetsetsa ndi amayi a Ginzberg. Sanitars anakana, kupereka chopereka m'malo mwa mitundu yambiri ya chithandizo chamankhwala ndi mantha a magetsi pamaso pa zipinda "malo opanda phokoso.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Guinzberg adapereka "kufuula" ku Commades mu 1955 pa kuwerenga kwa ziwonetsero zisanu ndi chimodzi ku San Francisco. Tsiku limenelo linawonetsedwa mu ntchito ya Jack Keroca "Dharma kuponderezedwa". Malinga ndi zopeka za zaluso za m'chiuno, omvera adatsagana ndi kuwerenga kwa Ginzberg mokakamiza kulira, ndipo kuyambira pa siteji yomwe idatulutsidwa pansi pa manja a manja. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi zitatha izi, Allen adasiya mawu odzikuza chifukwa cha zolemba - "Ndine wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu kwambiri waku America," ndipo pambuyo pake, "adalola Jack Keruac kukhala wamkulu."
Mu 1957, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chilengezo cha "kuwawa", gulu la makope 520 kugwidwa kuchokera ku nyumba yosindikiza ku London. Nthawi yomweyo, mwamunayo adamangidwa ku San Francisco, yemwe adagulitsa ndakatulo ya apolisi, komanso woyang'anira nyumba yosindikiza a mzinda wa mzindawo Ferrenstti. Adaweruzidwa chifukwa cha kufala kwa "ndakatulo yonyansa.
Malamulo omwe adabwezeretsa buku lalikulu kwambiri m'badwo wa m'magulu azolemba, yikani filimuyo "Erpt" (2010). Udindo wa Allen Ginzberg adachita James Franco.
Pambuyo pa zotsatira zoyipa za mlanduwo, Ginzberg idasamukira ku Paris. Pafupifupi ndakatuloyi anali wokonda Peter Orlovski, Gregpury Gregory Corso, William Burrow ndi ena. Panthawi yofunika kwambiri, Guinzberg adayamba kulemba epic ndakatulo ya "Kaddish", Corso adalemba "bomba" ndi "ukwati", kadzutsa "komwe adachokera ku masitaloti omwe kale adalembedwa.
Kuuziridwa kwakukulu kwa Ginzberg kwakhala lingaliro la "proff to pptpt" Jack Keroca, yemwe amati mabukuwo ayenera kuchokera pansi pamtima, popanda zoletsa zodziwika bwino. Ma ndakatulo aku America ndi alonjere amakono, achikondi, a Jazz Tunes ndi Buddhism. Chinthu chomaliza chimawonedwa makamaka pazinthu za "zojambula za India" ndi "zojambula zachi China" (1970), zolembedwa pamakomo akupita ku India mu 1962-1963.
Ntchito yaposachedwa kwambiri ya Binzberg, yofalitsidwa pa nthawi ya moyo wake, inali ndakatulo ya "Inland Hatchi" (1973), yomwe imalongosola machitidwe a anthu musitima.
Moyo Wanu
Allen Ginzberg anazindikira kuti anali wosagwirizana ndi zibwenzi wake. Gregory Corso adakhala chiwongola dzanja choyamba - wolemba ndakatulo komanso wojambula, m'modzi wa oyimira m'badwo waukulu. Corso, yemwe adakhala m'ndende chifukwa cha kuba kwa zaka zitatu, anamvetsetsa kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, koma iye yekha anali "mwachilengedwe", kotero ubale pakati pa achinyamata sunakwaniritse. Corso ndi Ginzberg adakhalabe abwenzi kwazaka zambiri.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaMu 1954, ku San Francisco Ginzberg anakumana ndi Peter Orlovski, wolemba ndakatulo. Mu wolumikizana woyamba, amuna adalunjika mu chikondi chamuyaya, omwe, komabe, sanakaye kukhulupirika - nthawi zambiri amasintha anzawo. Orlovski sanapemphe kuti muwononge nthawi ndi akazi omwe Ginzberg adayenda. Ngakhale "ufulu" wogonana ", olemba nawotsa zaka 43, mpaka kufa kwa Allen mu 1997.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaGinzberg anali mchikondi ndi Lucien Car, amene akuchititsa padziko lonse lapansi. Mufilimu "kupha okondedwa anu" (2013) amawonetsa kupsompsona ndakatulo zomwe zidachitidwa ndi Daniel Radcliffe ndi Dina Dekhana. M'moyo, ubale wa amuna udafika kutali: Kavalo adasankhira kulumikizana komweko pambuyo mu 1944 adapha munthu wokwiyitsa wa David Kammer.
M'moyo wa Ginzberg anali azimayi. Ngakhale asanakhale odziwana ndi Orlovski, adakumana ndi Eliz Chen, zozizwitsa. Chifukwa cha iye, Ginzberg adakumana ndi wolemba Carl Solomoni.
Imfa
Mu 1960, Ginzberg idalandiridwa kuchokera ku matenda otentha. Amaganiziridwa kuti dotoloyo adagwiritsa ntchito singano yosasinthika, ndipo wolemba ndakatulo adadwala matenda a chiwindi. Katemera wake amakhala wofooka kwamuyaya. Anakulitsidwa ndi vuto laumoyo akusuta komanso kudalira kwa Narcotic. Allen adayesedwa mobwerezabwereza kusiya zizolowezi zowononga, koma kupsinjika kumakakamizidwanso kutenga zinthu ndudu komanso zinthu zoletsedwa.
Mu 1970s, Ginzberg idakumana ndi mikwingwirima iwiri yaying'ono, yomwe idapangitsa kuti Bella ziwalo - mu zithunzi za pambuyo pake zitha kuonedwa kuti mbali imodzi ya minofu ya minofu "yovulala".
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaMu 1997, Allen Ginzberg m'nthawi yotsatira komanso yomaliza itabwerako kuchipatala, komwe sanachite bwino kuchokera ku vuto la mtima. Kwa masiku ambiri, wolemba ndakatulo adayamba kucheza ndi anzathu, kuti anene zabwino. Zokambirana zina pafoni, kuphatikizapo Abhror Dupp, anali achisoni komanso osokonezeka, ndi anzawo, Ginzberg adalumikizana mwachangu.
Ginzberg anamwalira pa Epulo 5, 1997 anazunguliridwa ndi mabanja ndi abwenzi. Choyambitsa imfa ndi khansa ya chiwindi, yomwe imawululidwa kwa hepatitis. Thupi limatenthedwa, ndipo zotsalira zidagawika magawo ofanana. Gawo limodzi mwa bukuli linakwera ku Newark, pakati pa manda a Atate ndi abale achikhalidwe. Gawo lachiwiri la phulusa limayenera kugona pafupi ndi Peter Orlovski atamwalira, zomwe zinachitika mu 2010. Chachitatu chalembedwa ku India.
Mawu
"Ndikuganiza, ngakhale patapita nthawi, anthu azikumbukira ambiri, ambiri a Bob Dilan, owuma a John Lennon. Koma pafupifupi ndakatulo zonse zamaphunziro zidzayiwalika. "" Tinalumbirana wina ndi mnzake kuti angandipeze, ndipo zonse zomwe ndimadziwa, ndi thupi langa, ndipo zonse zomwe amadziwa, ndipo zonse zomwe amadziwa. Ndipo kotero kuti timadzipereka kwa wina ndi mnzake kuti tikhale ndi bwenzi ngati chuma, ndikuchita zonse zomwe akufuna, zogonana, komanso m'njira yomvetsetsana mpaka timafika kwambiri momwe miyoyo yathu ili Aphatikizidwa ... "." Ndili wokondwa ndi zomwe ndimapumira. "M'bali
- 1956 - "Cryt"
- 1961 - "Kaddish"
- 1961 - "galasi lopanda kanthu: ndakatulo zoyambirira"
- 1963 - "Osamandapusa"
- 1968 - "Nkhani Za Dziko"
- 1970 - "Zolemba za India"
- 1972 - "Chipata cha Gneta: Poem 1948-1951"
- 1973 - "Kuyenda kwa America: Mavesi a izi"
- 1973 - "Hatchi yachitsulo"
- 1978 - "Malingaliro Opumira"
- 1981 - "Plutonic ODA: Poem 1977-1980"
- 1986 - "ndakatulo zoyera zoyera: 1980-1985"
- 1994 - "Hosmopolita Wolandila ndakatulo: 1986-1993"
- 1996 - "mavesi owala"
- 1999 - "Imfa ndi Ulemerero: Vesi 1993-1997"