Niels Bor - Chithunzi, Chithunzi, Moyo Wanu, Imfa, Imfa

Chiphunzitso

Nielsa Bora amatchedwa m'modzi mwa omwe amapanga zamakono. Mu 1922, gulu lasayansi lapadziko lonse lomwe limaganiziridwa ndi mphotho ya Dane. Maphunziro oposa khumi ndi awiri adziko lapansi, omwe kale anali ku sukulu ya sayansi ya USSR, owerengedwa ulemu kuti apereke khadi yamembala.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Bor - Wotulutsa ndi bambo wa chiphunzitso cha Atomu, wopanga zochulukitsa zamakina. Zopereka zake pakukula kwa zochitika za nyukiliya ndizovuta kuzichulukitsa. Ndipo a Niels Bor adatchuka ngati wafilosofi ndi wafilosofi, yemwe amayang'ana ndikupeza mayankho a mafunso amuyaya padziko lapansi. Kuchita nawo chitukuko cha bomba, adazindikira kuopsa kwa nkhondo yankhondo ya nyukiliya ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wake kunamenyera nkhondo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zakupha.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Niels Henrik David Bror adabadwa likulu la Danish kumapeto kwa nthawi ya 1885. Ku Copenhagen, banja la wasayansi latchulidwa pakati pa otsogola. Mutu wa Bowa wa Mkristu unali pakati pa opempha mphotho ya Nobel zopezera mankhwala ndi physiology. Bor-akuluakulu omwe amaphunzitsidwa ku yunivesite ya Copenhagen ndipo adatumikira ku mutu wapamwamba kwambiri - pulofesa.

Adler Adler, mayi Niels Bora - mwana wamkazi wa nyumba ya pa Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi Banker David Haphale ndi Jernny Raphael ndi wotchuka ku Britain ndi mzera wachiyuda. Kuphatikiza pa Niels, ana ena awiri akulira m'banjamo. Zithunzi zambiri za banja la Bor, pomwe ma nil amagwidwa pang'ono.

Banja la Bohr lidasankhidwa osati lokha, komanso m'gulu lazandale komanso chikhalidwe. Akhristu ndi Ellen anali aluntha komanso anthu ochereza komanso ochezeka. Niels adakulira mnyumba momwe mtundu wa alential Alctialiya adafunira, osankhika wamba. Zokambirana Zosangalatsa, mikangano ya filosofi, kukambirana kwa zomwe asayansi akupezeka - malo omwe wasayansi wam'tsogolo adaleredwa.

Kusukulu, Niels Bora anali chizolowezi cha sayansi yolondola komanso nzeru, yomwe siyinali yodabwitsa, oyang'anira nyumba komanso abwenzi apamtima komanso afilosofi akuchita chipembedzo cha Kristianist Dristians.

Niels ndi mchimwene wake Harald, pambuyo pake anazindikira kuti anali ndi chidwi ndi sayansi okha: Achinyamata adayamba kukhala osewera apamwamba kwambiri. Anachita ntchito yam'mizindayi: Niels pa udindo wa wolemera, m'bale - wapakati. Mu unyamata, Bor anayamba kuchita chidwi ndi skis ndipo anayenda pansi pa ngalawa.

Mu 1903, Henrik David adalumikizana ndi katswiri wa katswiriyu kuyunivesite ya Abambo. Pa zojambula za wasayansi, maziko omwe apezeka ku Denmark wakale waku University adatsimikiza. Pano chosungira bwino sayansi ndi masamu, kupembedzera ndi chemistry ndi zakuthambo.

Fisunth

Mu 1907, dzina la bora linagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chochititsa chidwi. Aphunzitsi atchulanso za wofufuza wachichepere wamtsogolo, ndipo womaliza maphunziro ake pamakhala mavuto a madzi adalandira mendulo yagolide. Nilsa adazipereka kuchokera ku Royal Academy of Sayansi. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, adakhala bwana wa yunivesite, ndipo mankhwalawa a Doctolla Woyera omwe amadziwika kuti anali zitsanzo komanso poyembekezera kuti anthu apeza. Mmenemo, Niels Bohr adafotokoza momwe ma electrons ndi maginito amatsenga mu zitsulo. Kugwira ntchito pa dissertation, katswiriyu adapeza "mawanga oyera" mu elekitala yapamwamba.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mu 1911, kukhala dokotala wa sayansi ndipo ataphunzira maphunziro a chiwerewere, Danes adapita ku Cambridge. Mu yunivesite yakale kwambiri yaku England adalakalaka kugwira ntchito pansi pa NOBER Laure wa Sir Joseph Thorson mu labotale ya Fortish. Koma Thomson, mutu wa mmisi wa wanyuzi wa zaka za ku Danissas sunayambitse - nthawi imeneyo adasinthira ntchito zina.

Kukhumudwa kwa Nies kunasinthidwa ndi kukwera kwa kulekerera kuchokera kwa omwe amadziwa kuchokera ku Nobel Rutherrord Ertherford. "Tate wa yansi ya zida za nyukiliya" adagwira ntchito ku yunivesite ya Manchester ku North-West wa Britain, komwe adapita, kusiya Cambridge. Katswiri wasayansi ku Danish kumayambiriro kwa 1912, mutu wake utalowa m'mphepete mwa nyukiliya ya atomu, adaphunzirapo pawailesi ya zinthuzo.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Ntchito yolumikizirana ndi Rutherford adakankhira wasayansi kuti apange mawonekedwe ake a atomiki. Cornhagen Bor adabweranso m'chilimwe cha 1912 ndikukhazikika mu Pulofesa wa Alma wazamart. Zaka ziwiri adalimbana nazo yankho la mavuto omwe amakhudzana ndi mtundu wa nyukiliya za atomu ndi malingaliro apangidwe ake.

Mu 1913, a Boron amawonekera. Awa ndi malingaliro akuluakulu omwe wasayansi amapangidwira kutsimikizira mawonekedwe a hydrogen ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala. Ntchito ya wasayansi idayambitsa chitukuko cha fiziki. Kuthandiza kwa sayansi ya Danchanin kuyamikiridwa kwambiri Rutherford ndi Albert Einstein. Wotsirizayo adatchula za Bora "Munthu wokhala ndi malingaliro anzeru", ndipo kafukufukuyu ndiwofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chemistry.

Chapakatikati pa 1914, katswiri wa sayansi ya ku Danish adapemphedwa kuti aphunzitse ntchito ku Manchester, komwe adawerengapo maphunziro a Ophunzira pa Masamu a Masamumu. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, adabwerera kudziko lakwawo, komwe adapitiliza kuphunzira kapangidwe ka atomu. Yunite wopangidwa ndi pulofesa wa Niels Bora.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mu 1920s, katswiri wazamisala wotchuka adayambitsa Institute of Finalmics ku Danish, womwe udafa. Zochita za Institute mu chitukuko cha ma quantums ndizovuta kuti muchepetse. Mu 1920s, makina ochulukirapo ochulukirapo amatha kusinthidwa ndi mtundu wa atoh atomu, pokhazikitsa momwe ophunzira a Niez adaphunzirira.

Mu 1922, chifukwa chokwaniritsa kapangidwe ka maatomu ndi ma radiation awo, mphotho ya Nobel. Posakhalitsa, mbuyeyo adapanga mfundo za kusintha kwa makonzedwe ndi mfundo yoti munthu awonedwe, kofunikira kuti chitukuko cha makina angelity.

Mu 1930s, phunziroli linayamba m'munda wa sayansi yanyukiliya ndipo posachedwa ku Commonwealth ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adawonetsa mtundu wa makeke, omwe anali ndi magawano. Zopezekazo kumapeto kwa m'ma 1930s zidalola asayansi kuti apite patsogolo kumvetsetsa chilengedwe cha nyukiliya, chomwe chisanayambe nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse sichinafunika kwambiri. Mukamafufuza, a Niels Bor anaphunzira kuti Uranus-235 amathetsana, kudabwitsa mphamvu zomwe sizinachitikepo. Kupeza kumeneku kunali koyambira poyambitsa bomba la atomiki.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Pazaka zoyambirira za nkhondo, wasayansi anapitiliza kugwira ntchito yaku Germany, koma dziko la "Semi-Europe" la Boron ndi chenjezo lokhudza kungidwa lidamuthandiza kuti athe ku Sweden, ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita ku Britain. Amakhulupilira kuti zinali zosatheka zamwano kupanga bomba, koma chitukuko cha zida zakupha chinali chitayamba kale ku America. United States idapempha thandizo kwa wasayansi, ndipo iye, pamodzi ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, adafika ku States kuti nawonso achite nawo ntchito ya Manhattan.

Bor-wamkulu, "aku Aksial" pakati pa asayansi omwe amakhudzidwa, adayamba kulemba zida zingapo, koma kumapeto kwa nkhondoyi mwina kugwiritsidwa ntchito zida zowononga komanso zakupha zidasokonezedwa ndi Dane. Anapeza msonkhano ndi Purezidenti F. Roosevelt ndi rimes rimester wa ku Britian's Brimes kuti awalimbikitse kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa liwiro la chida, koma zoyesazo zinali pachabe.

Mu 1955, Nils Bor adakwanitsa zaka 70, m'badwo wa udindo woyenera, ndipo adasiya cholembera, koma adasiya mutu wa bungwe lokhazikitsidwa ndikupitilizabe kukulitsa filimuyi. Pamapeto pa moyo wake, wasayansi anaonetsa chidwi kwambiri pa biology biology.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Buku la "fizini finics ndi kuzindikira kwaumunthu" ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya Niels Bora, adawona Kuwala kwa chaka chisanathe kufa kwa sayansi, mu 1961. Asayansi ankachita mobwerezabwereza m'matolankhani, kusamalira ntchito zamtendere ndi mphamvu zake zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ngoziyi chifukwa chogawana zida za nyukiliya. Ndipo mu 1950 Iye adafunsira kalata yopita ku UN, ndikuyitanitsa kuwongolera kwapadziko lonse pa zida zakupha. Pambuyo pa zaka 7, wasayansiyo adakhala choyambirira choyamba cha ma Ford a Atomu ya mtendere.

Anzathu adakondedwa kwambiri ndi a Boron Forematy komanso chisangalalo chabwino kwambiri. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa iye, ubale womwe uli mgululi unafanana ndi banja: Nils anali ndi chidwi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, anali ochezeka komanso ochereza. Kuwala kunalibe matenda a nyenyezi, ngakhale a Nobel Laurectial ndi asayansi, Oxcherne, Edinburdgh, Mayunivesiri ena otsogola padziko lonse lapansi adapereka ufulu wodekha.

Moyo Wanu

M'chilimwe cha 1912, a Niels Bor adatsogolera pansi pa korona wa mlongo wake wapamwamba za anzawo Niel Eric Nølund. Margaret adakhala mkazi wabwino kwambiri yemwe adapatsa mwamuna wake kumbuyo, chitonthozo ndi ana asanu ndi mmodzi. M'modzi mwa ana amuna, a Boron, adapita kumapeto kwa abambo ake ndikuchita bwino kwambiri mu fizikisi: Chapakati pa 1970, mphotho ya Nobel adalandira wasayansi.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Kwa mautumiki kudziko ndi sayansi, Niels Bor kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1930s adalandira mphatso kuchokera ku kampani ya Brewery "Krolsberg" nyumba yolemekezeka ", wopangidwa makamaka kwa iye. Kuchezera Bora kunachezeredwa ndi Mfumukazi ya Britain Elizabeth, mutu wa mphamvu zochokera padziko lonse lapansi, akulu akulu ndi otchuka.

Wasayansiyo anapulumuka tsoka: mu 1934 mails Bor anamwalira mwana wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa. Guy wazaka 19 anatsuka yacht panthawi yamkuntho. Bohr sanapeze thupi.

Banja la sayansi yakale kwa zaka zambiri lathandiza banja lapamtima ndi banja la Rutherford. Nils zimatchedwa kuti Erner ndi bambo wachiwiri.

Imfa

Zojambula za Bor akuti ziganizo zachipembedzo zasudzo zakhala zaka 16. Maganizo a Mulungu Niels anali opindika, ngakhale adakana zonena za chipembedzo.

"Palibe chinthu china chopereka kwa Mulungu, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito dziko lino lapansi," wasayansiyo adabwereza.

Pamapeto pa njira ya moyo, adalemba nkhani zonena za mitu yanzeru, idachitapo kanthu pagulu la anthu komanso zolangizidwa.

Choyambitsa imfa ya wasayansi lidayamba kudwala. Bora sanakhale ndi zaka 77. Urning ndi Greece anaikidwa m'banja lamabanja manda a pa Coalleegen.

Zosangalatsa

Mmodzi wa alendo a Bohr, akuwona pazitseko za nyumba yake kupita ku akavalo, adafunsa, makamaka wasayansi angakhulupirire kuti ma farsishoe pa khomo limabweretsa chisangalalo. Bor ndi kumwetulira kuyankhidwa:"Inde, sindikhulupirira! Koma kavalo amabweretsa chisangalalo ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sakhulupirira. "

Mu Germany ya Nazi inaletsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphoto ya Nobel. Makina ankhondo a Germany Max zaku Germany Mu 1940 a Ajeremani anali atanyamula Copenhagen, Bor anasungunula mendulo iyi ku Tsaristist vodika. Pambuyo pa nkhondoyo, golide wobisika wa Royal vodika, golide ndikupereka ku Swedey Elialm Yake ya Sweden, pomwe adapanga mendulo zatsopano ndipo adapatsidwanso.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Ku Amayi, Bor anali munthu wolemekezeka kwambiri kotero, makamaka kwa iye, kampani ya ku Breweberg inagwira mapaipi mnyumbamo, chifukwa cha mowa watsopano womwe umaperekedwa kuzungulira wotchi ndi mfulu. Nyumba ya Bor yakhala ikudzaza ndi alendo.

Mu 1997, zinthu za 107 za tebulo la Mendeleev lidalandira dzina la Bory polemekeza Niels Bora. Mpaka mu 1997 ku USSR ndi Russia, dzinalo polemekeza sayansi ya Great - Nielborii adanyamulidwa ndi gawo la 105 la tebulo la Mendelev, pambuyo pake Renanv Dubna.

Kukumbuka

• Kuyambira mu 1965, a Copenhagen Institure of the Oretics amatchedwa Niels Bora. Atamwalira, woyambitsa wake atamwalira, adayambitsa kutsogozedwa ndi mwana wamwamuna wa OG Bor.
• Mu 1963 ndi 1985, mitundu yoonetsa NielS Bora idamasulidwa ku Denmark.
• Dzina la Bor ndi asteroid 3948, lotseguka mu 1985.
• Polemekeza Niels Bor mu 1964, mkuwa unatchedwa pa Mwezi.
• Mu 1997, banki yankhondo ya Danish idaperekanso ulemu kwa nduwira 500 nduwira za niels bora.
• Mu 1998, kusewera "Copenhagen" wa Copenhagen "wa Prodew Reweng Unin, wodzipereka ku Mbiri Yakale ya Bora ndi Heisenberg.