Chiphunzitso
Dzina lathunthu la wasayansi wa ku Germany ndi max Carl Ernst Ludwig Frack. Kwa zaka zambiri motsatizana, anali m'modzi mwa atsogoleri a anthu asayansi aku Germany. Amakhala ndi kutsegulidwa kwa hypotessis. Katswiriyu amaphunzira thermodynamics, chiphunzitso cha radiation ndi mafuta. Ntchito ya wasayansi imapangitsa kuti zitseke za quamics. M'modzi mwa anthu ochepa amene anayesa kuteteza Ayuda pa Nazi ku Germany. Mpaka kumapeto kwa masikuwo, sadali ndi sayansi yokhulupirika ndipo adachita mpaka Health adaloledwa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bramu ya Max idawonekera pa Epulo 23, 1858 mu mzinda wa Kiel. Makolo ake anali ochokera kukachita zachikale. Agogo ake (agogo a Jobtlieb Jakob) amaphunzitsa zamulungu ku Yunivesite ya Götungen.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaBambo a Wilhelm Codeque ndi loya ndi pulojekiti ya lamulo ku Yunivesite ya Kiel. Anali wokwatiwa kawiri. Ana awiri adawonekera mu banja loyamba. Nthawi yachiwiri yomwe adakwatirana ndi amayi maxma pettig, muukwati omwe ana asanu adabadwa. Amachokera ku banja la ubusa ndi msonkhano wokhala ndi Wilhelm, thabwa lomwe limakhala mumzinda wa Greifirswald.
Mpaka zaka 10, max amakhala ku Kiel. Mu 1867, abambo ake amalandila pempho la pulofesa ku Yunivesite ya munich, ndipo banja limayenda ku likulu la Bavaria. Apa mnyamatayo adapatsidwa kwa masewera olimbitsa thupi, komwe adalembedwa m'gulu la ophunzira abwino kwambiri.
Mphamvu yayikulu pa purward yaying'ono imapereka mphunzitsi wa masamu a Hermatics Muller. Adzaphunzira kwa iye kalekale, ndipo adzalamulira lamulo liti la anthu. Max akuwonetsa masamu anzeru. Makalasi Ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ali ndi chidwi ndi sayansi, makamaka pophunzira malamulo achilengedwe.
Kukonda kwa ana ena pa thabwa kunali nyimbo. Adayimba mwa kwa ana a anyamata, adasewera zida zingapo ndikugwira ntchito kwambiri piyano. Nthawi ina ankaphunzira chiphunzitso cha nyimbo ndipo ngakhale anayesa kulemba, koma kunazindikira kuti wolembayo sangachite. Mwa kumaliza maphunziro, thabwali lapanga kale za vuto lakelo.
Ali mwana, iye amafuna kudzipereka ku nyimbo, kukhala piyano. Analakalaka kupembedza mafiloloji, anawonetsa chidwi chachikulu ndi sayansi ndi masamu. Zotsatira zake, max anasankha sayansi yolondola ndikulowa ku Yunivesite ya Munich. Kukhala wophunzira, sikusiya nyimbo. Amatha kuwoneka akuikira chiwalo mu mpingo wa ophunzira. Adatsogolera chorumwa laling'ono ndikuchitika ndi orchestra.
Abambo amalangiza onse kuti atembenukire kwa Pulofesa PhilipPor Von Zhlull kuti adzithandize kumizidwa kuti aphunzire filimu yam'madzi. Pulofesayo ananyengerera wophunzirayo kukana lingaliro ili, monga momwe, sayansi iyi ili pafupi kumaliza. Malinga ndi iye, palibe ndalama zatsopano zomwe zapezeka kale kudikirira, kafukufuku wamkuluyo adapangidwa.
Komabe, pucker silitaya mtima. Samafunikira zomwe zapezedwa, akufuna kudziwa zoyambira zathupi ndipo akufuna kuwathandiza ngati zingatheke. Wophunzirayo amayamba kupezeka pazinthu zoyeserera za Wilhelm von betz. Pamodzi ndi Professor Filipo, von zHolly imachititsa kafukufuku pa kuvomerezedwa kwa platinamu ya haidrojeni. Max amatha kuwoneka m'makalasi mwa omvera a aphunzitsi a aphunzitsi - masamu adwig [Gustav Bauer.
Kudziwana ndi katswiri wasayansi wotchuka, Hermann Helmmez, pubkeke akuchoka kuti alandire maphunziro ku Berlin University. Amachezera mayohenvisics Karl kufera. Amaphunzira ntchito ya akatswiri a profesalts a Helmholts ndi Gustav Kigoff, omwe amadzitengera zitsanzo kuti atsanzire pa luso lovuta. Pambuyo pozindikira ntchito za Rudolph Clazius pa chiphunzitso cha chiphunzitso chachangu, chimasankha chitsogozo chatsopano chofufuzira - thermodynamics.
Sayansi
Mu 1879, thabwa limalandira madokotala atateteza malingaliro pa mfundo yachiwiri ya thermodynamics. Mu ntchito yake, katswiriyu akutsimikizira kuti ndi njira yodzidalira, kutentha sikusamutsidwe kuchokera ku thupi lozizira mpaka lotentha. Chaka chamawa, amalemba ntchito ina pa thermodynamics ndipo amalandira positi ya wothandizira wa Junior Courmics ku Yunivesite ya Munich.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaMu 1885, precker imakhala pulofesa wolowa ku yunivesite ya Kiel. Maphunziro ake ayamba kale kum'bweretsera zoletsedwa mu mawonekedwe a kuvomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, wasayansi amapemphedwa ku University of Berlin, komwe alinso pamalo a adjunct. Pamodzi ndi izi zimalandira gawo la woyang'anira wa Institute of theoretical. Mu 1892, ma pulodi a Max amakhala pulofesa wovomerezeka.
Pambuyo 4 zaka, wasayansi amayamba kuchita kafukufuku wamafuta matenthedwe. Pa chiphunzitso cha ndege, radiation electromagnetic siyikhala yopitilira. Zimapita ndi munthu aliyense payekhapayekha, kukula kwake komwe kumadalira pafupipafupi. Makina a Max amachotsa njira yogawa mphamvu mu thupi lakuda kwambiri.
Mu Disembala 1900, wasayansi pamsonkhano wa Berlin Academy of Science akuti za kutsegulidwa kwake ndipo zimapangitsa kuti chitsogozo chatsopano chizikhala ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano. Chaka chotsatira, potengera mtundu wa thabwa, mtengo wa Boltzmann umawerengeredwa. Baramu imatha kupeza avogadro nthawi zonse - maatomu mumisika imodzi, ndipo wasayansi amaika mtengo wake woweruza wa elekitironi wokhala ndi kulondola kwambiri.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaAlbert Einstein adathandizira kulimbikitsa chiphunzitso chambiri.
Mu 1919, asayansi wa asayansi amalandira mphotho ya Nobel ya 1918 pakutsegulidwa kwa mphamvu ya mphamvu ndi kukula kwa sayansi.
Mu 1928, amayesetsa, koma akupitilizabe kugwirizana ndi gulu la saiser Wishelhe. Pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri, Noleve Laurese akhala Purezidenti wake.
Chipembedzo ndi nzeru
Dongosolo lomwe limaleredwa mu mzimu wa Luteran, ndipo kwa Iye nthawi zonse zinali zomwe zipembedzo. Nthawi zonse amapemphera pa nkhomaliro. Amadziwika kuti kuyambira 1920 ndipo mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo unkakhala woyang'anira.
Asayansi anali kutsutsana ndi mgwirizano wa sayansi ndi chipembedzo. Mothandizidwa ndi kutsutsidwa kwake, kupenda nyenyezi, njira zauzimu komanso njira zina zamakhalidwe zidadutsamo. Nthawi yomweyo, adakhulupirira kuti sayansi ndi chipembedzo ndizofanana pakuuni kwake.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaKukamba kwake "chipembedzo ndi sayansi yachilengedwe" kuyambira 1937 inali yotchuka, yomwe imawonetsedwa m'buku lawo mobwerezabwereza. Zolembazo zakhala chithunzi cha zochitika mdziko muno, zomwe zinali pansi pa akatswiri a Fascist.
Mabulosi sakutcha dzina la Khristu ndipo amakakamizidwa kuti azikankha pang'ono mphekesera za chikhulupiriro chawo. Asayansi anagogomezera kuti sanakhulupirire Mulungu, koma amakhalabe wachipembedzo.
Moyo Wanu
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, max pubk adakwatirana ndi bwenzi laubwana mary metk mu 1885. Ana anayi adabadwa muukwati: ana amuna awiri ndi mapasa aakazi. Anakonda banja lake, anali mwamuna ndi bambo wosamala. Mu 1909, mkazi wake wamwalira. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, wasayansi akuyesera kukonza moyo wake kachiwiri ndikupanga malingaliro ku Marier Marie von Heslin. Mzimayi amapereka max a bar la mwana wina.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaPazomwe wasayansi zimabwera mzere wakuda. Mwana woyamba wamwamuna wamwalira mu nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, mu 1916, ndipo ana aakazi adamwalira pobereka mwana mu 1917 ndi 1918. Mwana wachiwiri kuchokera ku banja loyambirira linaphedwa kumayambiriro kwa 1945 kudzachita nawo chiwembu motsutsana ndi Hitler, ngakhale atapempha bambo otchuka.
Anazi amadziwa za malingaliro a max. Pakupita kwawo ku Hitler, pomwe wachitakazi adalowa kafukufuku wa sayansi ya Kaiser Wiiser Wilhelm, adatembenukira kwa iye kuti asazunza aluso achiyuda. Hitler adalimbana naye m'maso mwace adawonetsa zonse zomwe akuganiza za mtundu wachiyuda. Pambuyo pake, kubzala chikatakhala chete ndikuyesera kudziletsa m'malingaliro ake.
M'nyengo yozizira, 1944, kupachikidwa kwa gulu lankhondo la Allies, nyumba ya wasayamuyo idawotcha. Mumoto unawononga zolemba pamanja, zolembedwa, mabuku. Amapita kwa bwenzi la Carl akadali a Roghets pansi pa Magdeburg.
Mu 1945, panthawi yolankhula ku Kassel, pulofesa pafupifupi amafa pansi pa bomba. M'mwezi wa Epulo, nyumba yodyera ya okwatirana ya thabwa yomwe idawonongedwa ndi ndege. Asayansi ndi mkaziyo amapita kuthengo, ndiye kuti musunge mkaka. Thanzi la thabwa lomwe likuipiraipira - nyamakazi ya msana idakulitsidwa, ndipo adayenda movutikira kwambiri.
Pofunsidwa Pulofesa Robert Robert minda, asitikali aku America achoka ku Nobel Laureate ndikuwatenga kukhala otetezeka. Kwa milungu isanu, ali pachipatala, kenako, nditachira, zimayamba kugwira ntchito: zimawerengera nkhani.
Imfa
Mu Julayi 1946, bambo adapita ku England kuti chikondwerero cha chikondwerero cha zaka 300 cha Isake Newton. Chosangalatsa chenicheni: Wasayansiyo anali pamwambolo wokhawo woyimira ku Germany. Posakhalitsa kufa kwa sayansi, Kaiser Wilhelm Society ndi mtundu wa masamba, ponenanso zopereka zake ku Sayansi.
Amapitilizabe kulankhula ndi zonena. Ku Bonn, wasayansi adadwala nthenda zamapapu, koma adakwanitsa kuthana ndi matendawa. Mu Marichi 1947, adapeza kwa ophunzira. Mu Okutobala chaka chomwecho, dziko la McCA thabwa lina linaipitsa kwambiri, ndipo anamwalira. Choyambitsa imfa ndi sitiroko. Sanachite mpaka zaka 90. Manda a Worber Wateure amakhala m'manda a Götngengen.
Nditangopita, wasayansi adasiya zolemba, mabuku, zithunzi - zolowa, zomwe ndizofunikira komanso zimapitilizabe kusonkhana ndi utumiki wa sayansi.
Mphotho ndi mphotho
- 1914 - helmholts mendulo
- 1915 - Dongosolo "Kuti Mukhale Sayansi ndi Art"
- 1918 - Nobel Mphoto mu sayansi
- 1927 - mendulo ya Lorentz
- 1927 - mendulo ya Franklin
- 1928 - ADER REDS Deutche
- 1929 - Max Plank Mental
- 1929 - Copley Mendulo
- 1932 - Gutrei mendulo ndi mphotho
- 1933 - mendulo Garnaca
- 1945 - Mphotho ya Götte