Chiphunzitso
Eleanor Galperin, yemwe amadziwika ndi zogonana zenizeni zomwe zili m'dzina la gar la Alber Kama, Richard DungRon ndi James AldrJJ kuchokera ku French ndi Chingerezi ku Russian yamakono.Wotsutsa ndi mkonzi wa Romanov wazamulungu wotchuka anapanga mfundo zake zogwira ntchito ndi malembawo ndipo mu 1972 linafalitsidwanso buku "mawu amoyo ndi akufa. (Kuchokera pa "kalonga kakang'ono" kupita ku "sitima ya opusa") ", yomwe tsopano ndi buku lofunikira ndipo limaphatikizapo mfundo zazikuluzikulu za chiphunzitso chakumasulira.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Eleanri Yavlevna Galperin adabadwira ku Odessa pa Epulo 27, 1912 m'banja ophunzira ophunzira achi Russia. Tate wa Yakobo Isakyovich, wochita bizinesi yachiyuda ya fuko lachiyuda, anali ndi zambiri zomwe zidalola achibale apamtima kuti asamukire ku Moscow.
Pambuyo pakungidwa mu 1937 ndi 1950, malo opembedzera adagwa pa mtundu wa halpin, ndi amayi Frederin Aleksandrovna a Creatisnav ndi kudziwa mwana wamkazi ku Moscow Ensial Ensial Ensimulation.
Gulu la maphunziro likasokonekera, Emoanora adasinthira ku yunivesite ku Plabagogy, ndipo adawerengera mabuku achilendo, ofanana ndi aphunzitsi a French ndi Chifalansa.
Kukondana ndi ubwana kunakhudzidwa ndi Halperin, ndipo, monga katswiri wasukulu, adalemba ndakatulo zingapo. Mwa zaka za ophunzira, kupitiriza kuyesayesa, mtsikanayo anayamba kulemba zolaula ndipo 1930s akhoza kufalitsa ntchito yake yosindikiza.
Kusukulu yomaliza maphunziro, Eleanor adatchinga malingaliro ake, yokutidwa ndi mbiriyo ndi mawonekedwe a wolemba French Arir Repor Repor Reporbor adayamba kuwoneka m'mabuku omwe ali ndi mabuku achilendo komanso amakono.
Kuyamba kwa nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko lisanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito (Office of the Neas "ku Entriol of Nations" mabuku odziwika bwino "kulembera nkhani pa chatsopano cha Antoine-Planet" a anthu ". Chifukwa cha kuukira kwadzidzidzi kwa akatswiriwa, ntchitoyi sinali yofalitsidwa, koma mtsikanayo adayamba kuwonekera mwachidwi mabukuwo a Wolemba Achifalansa.
Kumasulira ndi kusintha
Zinthu zinali choncho kwambiri, ndipo kuti zipeze ndalama, Nora anagwira ntchito ku Institute Institutetutes ndikukakamizidwa ndi masemina ofotokoza mabuku ena a m'zaka za zana la 20. Nthawi yake yopuma, iye, popanda kukhala ndi luso la polyglot wa polyglot, amawerenga mabuku oyambirirawo ndikumasulira ku Russia ndi mtanthauzira mawu. Posakayikira talente yake, gal poyamba sanawonetse ntchitozi kwa aliyense, ndipo amasungunuka m'bokosi kwa nthawi yayitali.Vutoli lasintha pambuyo polimba pambuyo popereka buku la Chifalansa "kalonga wa Chifalato", yemwe kale anali wokondwerera mphunzitsiyo. Nditawerenga ntchitoyi, gal m'nthawi yochepa idapanga matembenuzidwe omasulira ndipo patatha milungu ingapo idawonetsa kuti mwapeza bwenzi lapamtima.
Zoyesayesa za mayiyo zidasinthidwa ndi maulendo otsogola, koma musanafune kusindikiza ntchito ya Edanira. Agal okha atakhala womasulira waluso komanso nzika zamisala ndi thandizo lake werengani mabuku achingerezi, olemba achifalato aku America, "kalonga wa France," poganizira zofunikira zonse ndi zofuna za bowo.
Popita nthawi, wolemba waluso aluso adayamba kusankha ntchitozo ndikusiya kuchita malamulo a ofalitsa mabuku, manyuzipepala ndi magazini. Kukonda ntchito yamakono yokhala ndi nkhani yosangalatsa, Agal amatanthauzira nkhani za Mlengi Wotchuka "Pamwamba pa Pie" Sallper, Ipha Nkhani Yabwino Kwambiri "
Zachidziwikire, si ntchito yonse ya ofalitsa thumbo nthawi yomweyo, nkhani zina kwa nthawi yayitali fumbi pamaso pa anthu a Soviet adapeza mwayi wowawerenga. FAte yotereyi idakumana ndi "sitima ya opusa" Katherine Ann Porter, "Krysolova" Nevila adatseka, "Kodi mumakonda Brahms?" Francoise sagan ndi "zojambula" Rollan Rollan.
Zinali bwino kwambiri pa nkhaniyo ndi mabuku kwa ana ndi akulu omwe amayesetsa kuchita bwino. Ofalitsa adamasula mabuku a Alexander Duma, Theodore wouma, bango lalikulu ndi zitsime zazikulu, zomwe zidadutsa m'manja mwa womasulira wodziwika kale.
Zomwe Nora adakumana nazo zidasambitsidwa ndipo mu 1972 ntchito yomaliza pantchito yamphamvu, imadziwika kuti "mawu a anthu ndi akufa". Mmenemo, Eleanur anali ndi zitsanzo za ntchito yoyenera komanso yosayenera komanso yazilankhulo ndikutsutsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maudindo osayenera.
Buku Loyamba linali ponseponse ponseponse ndipo anali osindikizidwa pang'ono m'buku la "sayansi ndi moyo". Komabe, Agal sanasiye kugwira ntchito ndipo mu 1979 anayambitsa owerenga mtundu watsopano, woperekedwa ndi mutu wa "Wizard". Kutanthauzira Matembenuzidwe opangidwa ndi Mabuku a Mtai a Engenia Davydovna Kalashnikova, Natalia Leonidovna Daurosaes ndi ena omwe ali ndi mayina ".
Zotsatira zake, bukuli lidapindulira kwa ma desktop kwa omasulira oyamba ndipo adasindikizidwa maulendo 8 mpaka 2015. Mu zosankha zaposachedwa, zowonjezera zatsopano zidawonekera, ndipo nkhaniyo idaphatikizidwa ndi ntchito ya "Cami" itatu ya ku Julian "ya a Julian" ya A Julian "ya A Julina, ndi nkhani yaku Risa Clon, yemwe adanenapo za moyo wawo ndi ntchito ya Wolemba wamkulu.
Moyo Wanu
Nora Gals akhala nthawi yayitali, koma moyo wosungulumwa ndipo tsiku limodzi lokha ndi lomwe linali litakwatirana. Chosankhidwa chake chinali katswiri wa wazakatswiri wa 2ris ku Boris Kuzmin, yemwe amabalalitsa yekha mbadwa mwachindunji ya Walter Scott.
Kuyamba koyambirira kwa nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko lapansi, okonda kuvomerezeka ndi ubalewu, ndipo pambuyo pake Nora adabereka mwana wawo wamkazi. Msungwana wachilendoyu adalandira ulemu wa mnzake wapamtima wa Edwarvskaya, ndipo nthawi yomweyo nthabwala zomwe mkuluyo ndi wachichepere wazunguliridwa.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamunayo, kuwombedwa ndi akhungu ankhondo pafupi ndi Storylensk mu 1943, Agali yekhayo adalera mwana wakhanda ndikupeza ndalama zophunzitsira komanso amaphunzira bwino.
Kukhala womasulira wotchuka, Nora adakhazikika muutumiki wa Moscow ndipo ndi zaka 12 zokha zomwe zingapeze nyumba yake. Kuchita bwino zachuma sikunapumule mayiyo, amagwirabe ntchito 14 koloko patsiku lopuma komanso kuyenda kwakanthawi.
Mwana wamkazi, adabweretsa izi zikadatha izi, sizikanatha kulowa mu mphamvu yakupanga ndipo kumapeto kwa Pedagogical Institute idakhala mkonzi, kutsutsidwa komanso membala wa gulu la magazini ya Magazini.
Imfa
Noga Gagal sanakhale Julayi 23, 1991, ndipo pofunsidwa ndi achibale, chifukwa chomwe adamwalira sichinawululidwe.Pokumbukira womasulira wotchuka, ogwira nawo ntchito adatulutsa zotolera zomwe zili ndi zokumbukira, mavesi, makalata, olowa m'malo a Edward, omwe amapereka mphotho ya Alra, atapereka kwa olemba abwino kwambiri Kutanthauzira kwa Chingerezi kwa English XX-XXI zaka zambiri.
M'bali
- 1935 - "Nkhani Za Anzake"
- 1936 - "Imfa ya Hero" R. Koldreeton "(Article)
- 1938 - "France Ellens" (Article)
- 1945 - "Kodi Sonya Sh." (Nkhani)
- 1959 - "Kumva Chibwenzi" (Nkhani)
- 1960 - "Pamwamba pa" (Article)
- 1963 - Antoine de Saint-Bertupary (Article)
- 1972 - "Mawu Amoyo ndi Akufa"
- 1973 - "Pampeni" (Nkhani)
- 1975 - "Ndipo za Office" (Nkhani)
- 1991 - Sukulu ya Cashkin "(Nkhani)
Kumasuna
- Ray Bradbury "gombe la dzuwa", "wosakanizika"
- Jack London "Ngale Ngale za Ngale", "Chidwi Mu Ocean"
- Charles Dickens "otanganidwa, kapena mlengalenga"
- Herbert Wells "Chakudya cha milungu"
- Edgar Allan pa "chule", "Kugwera Nyumba Za Asheliya"
- Colin McCholow "Kuyimba Mnga Minga"
- Katherine Ann Porter "sitima Slows"
- Richard Ortington "Imfa ya Hero"
- Kalonga wa Antoine Deint-Eulupecary "," planet ya anthu "
- Albert Camu "Kubowola"