Gustave Flabert - chithunzi, mbiri yamunthu, moyo waumwini, chifukwa cha imfa, mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Pakati pa zaka za zana la XAPAVA, Gustava Flabert ndi chiwerewere, ndipo lero wolemba waku French amadziwika kuti ndi aboma a Natustas ndi Onor de Balzac. Kutchuka kwa mtengo kumabweretsa mabuku "Akazi a Bovari" ndi "maphunziro a ziwembu", zolembedwa mu mtundu wa zowona za ma psychologissism ndi kwachilengedwe.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Gustave Flabert adabadwa pa Disembala 12, 1821 mu likulu la mbiri yakale - Ruang. Dokotala wa opaleshoni Achilgas Flabibert ndi Anna Justorin Caroline, mwana wamkazi wa dokotala, mwana wa dotolo, yemwe anali ndi tsankho kwa a Güstava m'banjamo: mtsikana ndi anyamata awiri.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mbiri yamtsogolo idaleredwa ndi mkulu Mbale Achibisali, omwe adalandira kuchokera kwa abambo ake osati dzina lokha, komanso ntchitoyo, ndipo mlongo wake Caroline, yemwe adabadwa zaka zitatu Trasava. Ubwana amadutsa mumlengalenga wa Horien wakugulitsa, momwe mutu wabanja umagwirira ntchito.

Amati Flabetlert adafunitsitsa kulemba zaka zina 8, ndikuphunzira ku Royal College. Mu 1832, mnyamatayo adalowa m'mphepete mwa Pierre Cornelel, komwe adakumana ndi Erner Chealvaé a Kevalé. Zojambula ziwiri pambuyo pake, abwenzi adakonzanso njira yolembedwa ", pomwe mawu oyamba a Flavurt adasindikizidwa.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mu 1840, mtolankhani wamtsogolo adapita ku Paris kuti aphunzire bwino. Likulu lachiwiri la France lidawoneka lonyansa, ndipo ntchito yosankhidwa ikhala yotopetsa, motero kumapeto kwa wophunzira yemwe wophunzirayo adapita pa Pyrenees ndi Corsica. Nthawi imeneyi ya kafukufuku wa wolemba adawonetsedwa mu "metness of midness" (1901).

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1846, bambo wa Flabert adamwalira, kusiya mwana wa a Franc 500,000. Kenako mnyamatayo anazindikira kuti ulamuliro sunali gawo lake, ndipo anaponya ku yunivesite. Cholowa chopambana chidatsimikizika moyo wosakhalitsa, ngakhale atakhala ndi ntchito yantchito, motero adasankha kudzipereka kwathunthu kuti alembe.

Mabuku

Pa Seputembara 19, 1851, a Flabert, ouziridwa ndi abwenzi ake Louis Bui ndi Maxim Bouucan, adatenga kapangidwe ka buku "(m'matembenuzidwe ena - Madame Bovarie). Patatha miyezi 56, mu Meyi 1856, bukulo lidamalizidwa. Anatuluka kuyambira pa Okutobala 1 mpaka pa Disembala 15 a chaka chimodzi mutoweto "Paris ndemanga".Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Mu February 1857, woyang'anira wa Paris Ferris ndi Gustava malawi adanenedwa kuti salemekeza chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo. " Wolembayo adawonekeranso kubwalo la "chithunzi chododometsa cha anthu", koma chilangocho chinathawa. Kuchotsa zomwe aneneza kungoperekedwa ku buku la Mayi Bovarie Bukhu losiyanitsa, komanso lidatipatsa mwayi wotchuka.

Pakati pa chiwembu - Emma Bovarie, wosasangalala muukwati. Madame sachita manyazi kusintha kuti azimukonda kwambiri mnzake. Kuti mupeze mphatso kwa akazi osankhidwa achichepere, mkazi amakhala ndi banja, pakapita nthawi amayamba kuyika zodzikongoletsera ndi malo ogulitsa. Zotsatira zachikazi chifukwa chosakhutira ndi moyo wozungulira manyazi komanso kusafunika kwake - izi ndizomwe zimayembekezera kuti mayi a Bovarie, ndi Mkazi Wake Okhulupirika Amakhala Ndi Moyo Wosachedwa.

Bwino, mbiri yakale ya Gustava Freubert yopsereza malo wamba a ku France, komanso zopereka za XX ndi Xxi zaka zambiri. Kanema woyamba wa bukulo "Akazi a Borkov" adawomberedwa mu 1933 ndi wolemba wa Centerstriot, kenako Germany, American, kusokonezeka kwa kanema wa ku Russia komanso Britain.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Nkhani yotsatira ya flabert inali yosiyana kwambiri ndi Mayi Bovari - buku lakale "la Sammobo" za nkhondo ya Libya ku Carthage, zomwe zidachitika mu 240-238 kale. NS. Kusintha kwa kalembedwe ka nkhani komanso zosankha zachilendo kwa mutuwo ndi chifukwa chakuti wolemba amadziona kuti "wokonda zachikondi", pomwe bukuli za mnzanu wa mkazi wotsekerayo adampachika panja.

Chifuwa cha Salamo chinayandikira ndi udindo wonse - adaphunzira zamavoti pafupifupi 100 za Carthage ndi zochitika za nthawi imeneyo, adapita ku Tunia. Zaka 5 pambuyo pake, ntchito zowawa zowawa, mu 1862, bukulo lidabadwa. Chifalansa pa Socialnce adazindikira zopeka zachiwerewere, kutopa ndi ntchito zenizeni. Magaziniyo adayamikiridwa komanso ku Russia - mtundu womasuliridwayo unawonekera mu 1962 m'Bunal "zolemba pagulu".

Mwinanso kufookeka kovuta kwambiri kulemba bukuli "maphunziro a wamkulu" (kapena "maphunziro wamba"). Anayamba woyamba kuchitika mu February 1843. Chifukwa cholembera chinali msonkhano wa wolemba ndi Elise Schlessinger - mayi wokalamba, pomwe Flavurt adakondana ndi misala.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Chowonadi chomwe chidatuluka pansi pa wolemba wina wodziwa zambiri, mgulu la olemba, ndichikhalidwe chotchedwa "maphunziro oyamba a mphamvu". Mtundu wa Debout unamalizidwa ndi 1845, ndikusindikizidwa pambuyo pa kufa kwa chimbudzi - mu 1910. Chosangalatsa Chosangalatsa: Bukuli silikugwirizana ndi ntchito yomwe ili pansi pa dzina lomweli mu 1869.

Mu "wamkulu", mtundu wa "maphunziro a mafumu" a 1869, protagonist Frederick Moto Mokondana ndi Maria Arnu, Mkazi wa Balzakovskyky. Chifukwa cha malingaliro onena za osankhidwa, moro sangathe kukhazikitsa maubale ndi akazi ena, amatsogolera moyo wokondwerera ndi zopondera pansi. Pambuyo pa zaka 27, Moro ndi Arna mwachisawawa nkhope ndi kumvetsetsa kuti nthawi zonsezi timakondana komanso, ngakhale sakanatha kumva kumverera, kunali kosangalala. Amaswa, kukhutira ndi kuzindikira.

"Kuleredwa kwa malingaliro" kunadzetsa mayankho osalimbikitsa ochokera ku otsutsa ndi owoneka bwino ku Peru, koma aliyense adazindikira kuti ndilodi lattobigraphical. Gi de Mapussan ananena kuti "zokhumudwitsa zambiri komanso zokhumudwitsa zomvetsa chisoni komanso zachisoni, Emil Zola adatcha ntchito ya" buku la "buku" la Flavurt. Ena modet adanena kuti "Frederick Moto ali gawo la chithunzi cha chimphona, yemwe adalemba adadziona yekha."

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Ngakhale kuti kuli ndi thanzi komanso thanzi la khunyu, mu Epulo 1874, Gundave Flabert idafalitsa mtundu womaliza wa ndakatuloyo "mayesero a St. Anthony". Lingaliro la ntchitoyi lidabadwira m'1845, wolembayo atawona chithunzi cha Peter Breygel ndi dzina loti. Ngwazi ya ndakatulo ya Anthony, monga momwe timalimbikitsidwe ndi a Johanna Worlgang Von Gon Goethe, amakakamizidwa kuti apitilizebe ku mayesero a ziwanda kuti akhale ndi moyo wosangalala.

Mu Marichi wa chaka chomwecho, mayeso atatuwo "adatuluka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo" moyo wosavuta "," mzimu wonyezimira "komanso" irodia ". Ntchito za Flaftir zimaganiza zotsala pakati pa ntchito yomaliza - buku la Buwar ndi Beiyushade ". Chifukwa chovomerezedwa ndi wolemba, kulengedwa kwa aliyense wa zitsogozo atakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Bukulo la "Bwwar ndi Beiyushau", yemwe akulemba kumene Flabert adayamba mu 1872, sanali kutha - thanzi lofooka la wolemba lidalephera. Bukuli lidasindikizidwa mu 1881.

Pakati pa chiwembu - amuna ndi mayina a Buwar ndi Beiyusha, yemwe mwangozi amamudziwa bwino. Onsewa ndi ofananira, koma akulota mobisa kuti asamuke kumudzi ndikuchita zaulimi. Anzanu amasankha pamapeto pake, maloto okhala ndi maloto kuti akhale zenizeni ndikugula nyumba. Nthawi yoyamba amuna amakonda kusodza, kudula mitengo, zaluso, koma pakapita nthawi akumvetsa kuti chisangalalo chawo chenicheni ndikulembanso. Mapeto ake ndi bukuli amayenera kukhala momwe abwwar ndi Heriusha amadzaza mapepalawo molunjika.

Moyo Wanu

Chapakati pa 1846, robitti ya Roma ya Roman yokhala ndi ndakatulo ya ku France ya ku France Coola idayamba. M'makalata okondedwa, omwe adafika tsiku lino ndipo adasindikizidwa m'buku la "Verbina ndi Munk", wolembayo adaganiza za ku France, ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Kalata yomaliza yachitika pa Marichi 6, 1855.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

A Flabert anali ndi mavuto mu Brussels, Paris, Munich, sanavutike ndi akazi ndi amuna osavuta, koma, ngakhale anali ndi chidwi, koma anagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, mkazi wake ndi ana ake sanapeze. Udindowu ndi chifukwa cha mawuwo kuchokera ku kalata ya Kole ya Disembala 11, 1852:

"Lingaliro lobweretsa wina kudziko lapansi limandidzaza ndi mantha. Ndikadakhala kuti ndakhala bambo anga. Maso anga atheke kuposa momwe ndimachitira munthu manyazi. "

Imfa

M'zaka zaposachedwa, Gustava Flabert yasokonezeka ndi khunyu. Anzanu komanso kuwawalika, kuwunika kwa mabuku achi French kunafa pa Meyi 8, 1880 m'mudzi wa Crossert. Choyambitsa chaimfa chimakhala m'matumbo panthawi yotsatira.

Malirowo adachitika pa Meyi 11 Pamaso pa olemba otchuka - Emil Zola, GI De Mawassant, Almond DO Goncard, Alfons Dode. Thupi limakhala pa manda apamwamba a Route.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Ntchito zambiri, mazana a mafilimu, mayunivesite ndi misewu yotchedwa dzina lake idakumbukirabe Torub. Mu ruang, mu 2008, Gustava Fbebert idamangidwanso - mlatho wokwezeka kwambiri ku Europe, yemwe kutalika kwake ndi 91 m, ndi kukwera kwa mseu wa cannon ndi 55 m.

Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikugwira ntchito ya flabert adasonkhezera olemba amakono: ngati si "Akazi a Borkov," dziko silinathe kuwerenga ntchito za Franz Kafka kapena Jean-munda. Olemba achi French adayikabe ma flabert a gawo limodzi ndi akapolo amitundu imodzi, monga arthur Rambo ndi Charles Baudler, ndipo mabuku ake amalowa kutchuka kwatsopano.

Mawu

"Ukhale wopusa, wokhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi thanzi labwino - awa ndi zinthu zitatu zofunika kuti mukhale osangalala. Koma ngati woyamba mwa iwo sikokwanira, ndiye kuti ena onse alibe ntchito. "" Bodza limafunikira iye, chisangalalo, ndipo ngati adanena kuti dzulo ndi Street, ndiye kuti kunali kofunikira Kukhulupirira kuti anali "." Simungathe kukhudza mafanowa: zomangira zimakhalabe zala zathu. "

M'bali

• 1838 - Madyerero Athu "
• 1842 - "Novembala"
• 1857 - "Mayi Bovarie"
• 1862 - "Salambo"
• 1868 - "Maphunziro a Zomverera"
• 1874 - "Kuyesedwa kwa St. Anthony"
• 1877 - "Nkhani Zitatu"
• 1881 - "Buvar ndi Pekuy"
• 1913 - "Lexico ya mfundo za mfundo za mfundo"