Diocletian - Photo, Wambiri, Personal Moyo, Imfa Chifukwa, Mfumu ya Roma

Chiphunzitso

The Roma Diocletian anali wolamulira osokoneza. Ndi kuti, m'zaka IV, kuzunzidwa kwakukulu anayamba Akhristu, ndi kuti panali kusintha kuti amatchedwa tetrarchy, - pa kayendetsedwe ka boma kudzera anthu anayi, amene anaika chiyambi cha Dominat. Diocletian anakhala mfumu yoyamba ya Roma mwakufuna anakana ndi Board.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Malinga ndi mfundo za Timoteyo Barnes mbiri, kuwerengetsa wa mbiri mfumu ya Roma wochititsidwa pachibwenzi December 22, 244. Anabadwa mu Dioklettia, mnyamata analandira dzina Greek Diozer (kapena Diocl Valery).

Makolo Diocla a kalasi m'munsi, mwina bambo amalemba, ndi agogo kapolo wopanda. Tsogolo wolamulira wa Roma yosiyana mu malingaliro lakuthwa, anali antchito, amene anathandiza Diokla kulowa gulu lankhondo la Mfumu Gallien mwamsanga kukwera ntchito masitepe.

Ntchito zankhondo

Palibe mudziwe zenizeni za zaka 40 wa moyo diocla, amaganiza kuti iye anatumikira ku Gau. Mu mbiri wachiroma ku 282, pali kulowa imene Mfumu Car anaika tsogolo wolandila atumiki a osankhika apakavalo asilikali Protectores M'banja mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi nyumba yachifumu.

Car anafa ndi zinthu osadziŵika (ku mmene mphezi kapena ku matenda) pakati pa nkhondo ndi Persion. The brazers a komiti kugwiritsa manja a ana a Karina ndi Numerian. Abale anagawa mphamvu mofanana: Karin anatenga udindo wa West, Numerian - mu East. Otsiriza, kuganizira za imfa ya Atate chizindikiro zoipa, analimbikira pa kuchoka kwa nkhondo. Numerian anamwalira atangopereka zokwanira, popanda atakhala ndi zaka pa mpando wachifumu. Chifukwa cha imfa ndithudi sadayidziwa - kuphedwa anachita ndi mkulu wa Arryia aprage, kapena matenda diso.

Atamwalira Numerian, asilikali achiroma adakana Karina wolamulira zonse. Pa bungwe asilikali pa November 20, 284, pa nthandala ndi atsogoleri a asilikali anasankhidwa mfumu Diozer a. Wolamulira watsopano limafotokonzera mawu amenewa:

"... munthu wanzeru amene anakonda boma, atumiki ake amene akanatha kuchita zimene mavuto a nthawi chofunika. Iye anali nthawizonse wodzazidwa ndi mapangidwe mkulu. "

Pa tsiku lomwelo, Diocl, adatenga mu zovala magenta lachifumu, anapereka lumbiro la kukhulupirika kwa boma ndipo anavomereza kuti imfa Numerian a. Vinyo chifukwa chopha kugona pa apra. Kutsogolo kwa asilikali, mfumu yatsopano poyera lupanga ndipo anayendetsa wompereka Iye. Kenako, "mwambo" diocl anatenga dzina latsopano - Guy Aureli Valery Diocletian.

Bungwe Lolamulira

Mu West, iye anali mwamphamvu wotanganidwa ndi Karin. Iye sanali kupereka Diocletian popanda kumenyana ndi adani zinasuntha asilikali mzake. Mafumu anakumana m'chaka cha 285 pa Marga Mtsinje (tsopano Morava). Kumbali ya Karina, kunali nkhondo mphamvu, koma iye sanafune kumvera wolamulira, amene bwino ntchito kwa aphungu mu nkhope ya Senate ndi kunyengedwa ndi akazi kapitawo. Chifukwa, gulu Diocletian a anapambana, ndi Karin anaphedwa ndi anthu ake. Chigonjetso amalembedwa mgwirizano wakale wa Roma pansi mfumu imodzi.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

ntchito Diocletian anali umalimbana ndi "gluing" a boma, koma mikangano m'deralo otentha mwa gawo. Maximian anathandiza kuti Mfumu Mulungu, wakhala nthawi yaitali bwenzi, amene 286 anakhala co-kalozera. Kumvera pa kulankhula mu Office kuika Religion: Diocletian anatenga dzina la wakale Greek Mulungu wa Jupiter, kutanthauza udindo kawirikawiri statehood, ndi Maximian - Hercules, ndi amunamuna wothandizira wa atate wa milungu yonse.

Pambuyo kulekana kwa mphamvu, Maximian walunjika ku West, ndi Diocletian ndi kum'mawa. Mu 288, mkulu Mfumu ya Roma anamaliza pangano mtendere ndi Perisiya, kuika mapeto a nkhondo inayamba pa Kara.

Nthawiyi, Maximian sanapite kotero bwino. Karauzius, udindo wake kwa ntchito ndi achifwamba, anali katundu anagwira. Maximian anapereka chilango cha imfa kwa wompereka, ndipo analalikira yekha monga wolamulira ndi aganiza Great Britain ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo Gallia kuti zipolowe lotseguka ndi Diocletian ndi Maximian. The Chief Mfumu ya Roma, anapereka mnzake kuti zosiyana ake amvetse mdani.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Kumayambiriro a 291, mafumu anavomereza kuti sanali manja zokwanira kusamalira boma. Iwo abverana kuti "kugawanika" mphamvu ndi osankhidwa Caesarians awiri. Chisankho unagwa pa mosalekeza za Mankhwala ndi Galeria Maximian. Kupitiriza wa Union kungakupatseni olipira ogwirizana: Constances anatenga mkazi wake Feodoro, ndi Padderitsa Maximian, ndi zomera anaimbira foni Uzami ukwati Galeriya Valeria, mwana wamkazi Diocletian a.

The Union, wotchedwa tetrarchy, ndiko kuti, "Board anayi" ankatanthauza utsogoleri wolowezana banja, kotero Diocletian ndi Maximian kuchokera pano anazitcha ena ndi abale, ndi zomera ndi kulimbikitsa kuboma ana awo. Pambuyo kuchoka kwa mafumu akuluakulu, awo "olowa" anayamba kulamulira.

Mu 294, Mfumu Narsa anabwera mphamvu yomweyo analengeza nkhondo ya Roma. Mbandakucha woyamba kunapezeka kuti ankhondo zomera m'dera la Western Armenia. Diocletian Hulil "Mwana" chifukwa angamachite, ndipo zaka zotsatira, ambiri kupambana lalikulu anapambana zomera ndi. Mu 299, Narsa anapemphera kwa chifundo, kwambiri kutaya m'mayiko ndi chuma. Pa dera la Persia akale, mfumu mkulu anasanja akuti, ndiko kuti, Roma osambira.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Pochokera ku nkhondo, mafumu ndi awo "ana" anaperekedwa nsembe kwa nyama pofuna kudziwa zam'tsogolo. Wansembe sanathe "werengani" zamkati onena Akhristu kupezeka pa mwambo. Ndiye mafumu analamula kuti mamembala onse a Palace nawo nsembe kuwerengera anthu, yolakwika Roma Pantheon.

Amaganiza kuti George okopa a chizunzo anali wachikunja gallery, osati Diocletian, amene akutsamira kwa kulolera zipembedzo. Komabe, iye ndiye, mfumu akulu, mu 302 anayambitsa otsatira ndi kukolola kwa mneneri Mani, amene mwamva anaopseza ufumu. Iwo amaganiza kuti chipembedzo cha Mani anabwera ku Perisiya. Anthu ena awotchedwe amoyo, ndi iwo Manichaean ntchito.

Mu February 303, Diocletian pa umboni wa Oracle analengeza akavalo chilengedwe Akhristu. ndondomeko anayamba ndi kuwonongedwa kwa kachisi mu Nikomide. Pa February 24, mfumu anafalitsa buku loyamba Iwowa ndi Akristu, amene chinafotokoza chiwonongeko cha malemba ndi akachisi mu boma. Akristu anatengako yoyenera kupemphera ndi kupita naye ku khoti ya freeds chabwezedwa kwa ukapolo.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

The zokhazikitsa wotsatira wa Diocletian unkayenera kuti akawamange ansembe. Prisons anali wapanikizika ndi otsatira a Chikristu, iwo ankayenera kuti apite a zigawenga mwachizolowezi - akuba, ndi ambanda. Mu November 303, mfumu linalengeza Amnesty amene amavomereza kubweretsa wozunzidwayo milungu, ndipo patatha chaka kusankha anali kuchititsa zovuta zambiri - nawo nsembe kapena imfa.

Pomaliza asiye kuzunza anatha Konstantin Wamkulu, mwana Constance Mankhwala. Kukhala kubwera kwa mphamvu mu 306 iye monga wolamulira yekha zonse maso Ufumu wa Roma, analengeza Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo lalikulu.

Moyo Wanu

Mu 293, Diocletian anakwatira Mkhristu Prisch. Gallery Valery anabadwa mu banja, iye analeredwa wachikhristu. Kumanga ndi mfumu moyo Personal sanali kupatula akazi ku chizunzo - mu 303, Prsk ndi Galeriy anakakamizika nsembe nyama "amabisa" dzina lawo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya zomera ndi mkazi wa Galerii, ndi akazi Diocletian anali kufunafuna chitetezo maufumu a Roma cha Litinia ndi Maximi II Daza, koma pa mapeto a iwo anali kuyembekezera pepani: kufika ndi galeriily anaphedwa 315.

Imfa

Mu Novembala 304, thanzi la Diocletian linaipitsa kwambiri. Sanachoke kunyumba yachifumu ndi nthawi yozizira, ndipo pa Disembala 13, nkhani ya imfa idasiyana. Nicomedia adapita kukalira maliro, koma pachabe - pa Marichi 1, 305, Diocletian idawonekeranso pagulu, otopa komanso osavomerezeka.

Galery, powona mkhalidwe wovuta wa Atate, wokakamizidwa kuti akana mphamvu. Pa Meyi 1, 305, pa phiri, komwe Diiocletian adalengezedwa mfumu, adatulutsa mphamvu. M'mbiri ya ku Roma wakale, izi zidachitika kwa nthawi yoyamba. Nthawi yomweyo, Maxmaian adapereka mwambowo ndi Diocletian.

Atachoka ku Diocletian ndi Maximian, bungweli linalephera. Okhala ku Churhum Reproor wa kuphiri akubwerera ku mphamvu kuti athetse mkanganowo pampando wachifumu. Diocletian adayankha:

"Ngati mfumuyo itawona kabichi, yomwe ndidawuka pano ndi manja anga, sangatumize kuti andione kuti ndikonzenso mwayi wamtendere ndi chisangalalo padziko lapansi, wokhala ndi umbombo."

Diocletian adawona momwe pulanirirical dongosolo idasokonekera, kuchepetsedwa ndi zikhumbo zadyera zotsatizana. Adamva Maxmaian adayesetsanso kukhalanso ndi mphamvu, koma adaweruzidwa kuti adziphe ndi Medinatio Memmitariae, ndiye kuti, themberero la kukumbukira. Ngakhale m'nyumba ya Emperor zifanizo ndi zisonyezo za "m'bale wake" wakalewo anawonongedwa.

Mwinanso kunena zokhumudwitsa kuti Diocletian adzipha. Imfa idabwera pa Disembala 3, 312.

Kukumbuka

Diocletian amadziwika kuti woyambitsa mzinda wogawika wa Croatia wamakono, womwe wakula mozungulira nyumba yachifumu ya mfumu. Masiku ano, chipilala ichi cha zomangamanga ichi, chomangidwa mu 305, chimakongoletsa mbiri yakale.