Mbiri Yodziwika
Khalidwe la nthabwala "Nepalms" Denis fonvizin. Amalume olemera a Sophia, msungwana woonamtima, wokoma mtima komanso wophunzira, komwe Akazi a Prostakova amalota kukwatira mwana wake yemwe, Mitrofan yotsika mtengo. Cholinga cha izi ndi kuchuluka kwa wamkulu, komwe prostakova akufuna kupatsidwa.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Zolemba pamanja zosewerera zimachitidwa kwa anthu 70s a XVIII. Fonvizin anagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali "yotsika mtengo" ndipo adapanga zojambula koyamba kuti seweroli lisanaikidwe koyamba. Pa ntchitoyi, wolemba adakopa zinthu zambiri zozizwitsa - zolemba zamagazini zamakono za phononvizin. Mtundu womaliza wa seweroli adawonekera mu 1781.
Chaka chotsatira chinali gawo loyamba la kusewera. Wolemba amayenera kuyesa kuti izi zitheke, chifukwa kufufuza sikukufuna kudumpha. Pomaliza, ampatsa, catherine Kachiwiriyo adalola kuti apange. Fonvizin adatola ochita sewero ndikupanga director. Magwiridwewo adachitika pa Tsaritsyn mu gawo la Tsaritsyn mu Rusta Russian Theatre. Udindo wa wamkulu pa Premiere adachitidwa ndi Actor Ivan Dmierievsky. Kulengeza koyamba kwa kusewera papepala kunachitika mu 1783.
"Nepal"
Zabereyy. - Wolemekezeka Kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, m'mbuyomu, zinali za usilikali. Ngwazi zimakhulupirira kuti gulu lankhondo limapangitsa achinyamata kukhala loyenera mutu wolemekezeka, womwe unayambira, osati chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yawo. Zaka zambiri, yemweyo adamenya nkhondo ndipo adavulala, chifukwa cha zomwe zidadwala. Kenako ngwaziyo idatengedwa kupita ku convor.
Dziko lalikululi lidalandiranso. Akulu, atafuna kuti Siberia, amakhala komweko kwa zaka zingapo ndikupanga boma ndi ntchito zake, pomwe amakhala oona mtima. Siberia anasankha Siberia, chifukwa kunali kotheka kupeza moona ndalama - osachititsa manyazi ulemu wake, osamva pamaso pa makolo osamenyera nkhondo. Rauterev, ngwazi adapita ku Moscow.
Akulu ndi munthu wanzeru yemwe amatha kupeza njira yothetsera vuto. Ngwazi imavala magalasi ndipo imawerenga mabuku, ngakhale kuti mapangidwe a mkulu amakhala kutali ndi zabwino. Bambowo anayesa kupereka ngwazi yabwino kwambiri, komabe, kunena iye mwiniyo, pa tsiku la iye, "panali njira zingapo zophunzirira", ndiye kuti, dongosolo la maphunziro lidasiyidwa kwambiri.
Bambo wa ngwazi adatumikira mwa Peter. Kenako, mikhalidwe yosavuta inalamulira ndipo anthu anatembenukirana wina ndi mnzake. Akulu amaleredwa m'miyambo yakale, yomwe imayamba kuphunzitsira dzina lakuti "amaganiza zakale". Ngwazi sizimachita chidwi ndi magulu, ndipo amalankhula ndi anthu mophweka komanso modekha, osasamala za zomwe akuigwiritsa ntchito. Ngwazi yekha sakuthamangitsa ngwazi. Emerass idasiyitsa bwalo lamipando popanda mphoto komanso chuma, koma kusunganso zomwe adayenera kuchita.
Stardum ndichikhalidwe cha zinthu zowongoka zomwe anthu nthawi zina amatengedwa chifukwa cha zachiwerewere, chifukwa ngwazi sizimachepetsa moyo, sizidwala ndipo zimauza anthu zomwe akuganiza. Mu ngwazi ina, imayamikiranso makamaka chifukwa cha gululi ndi "mzimu", monga momwe Atate anaphunzitsira ngwaziyo. Nthawi yomweyo, ngwazi yokhala ndi zaka zidakhala munthu woletsa ndipo adasiya kumvera koyamba. Mu unyamata, ansembe anali ndi chidwi, chodandaula, poganiza kuti zikakhala bwino kuposa iye yekha, Biogogograographyyoyo ikanayenera kuchita zambiri.
Ngwaziyo idachita moyo ndipo zimatha kuwona munthu woyipa. Ngwatoyo ikugwiranso ntchito kwa wouma popanda chikondi ndikudzitcha yekha "bwenzi la anthu owona mtima." Ngwazi sizikhala ndi chidwi ndi zovuta za anthu ndipo sizilekerera kupanda chilungamo. The Stardodul zidachitika, chifukwa chosakhulupirira chilungamo, kusiya ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, ngwaziyo imakhala yowolowa manja, amadziwa kukhululukira anthu osakhala nzika ndipo safuna kufa. Mwachitsanzo, ngwaziyo imakhululuka chifukwa cha Prostata.
Dziko la ngwazi lidasungidwa ndi Chimecha cha Sofa - m'bale yekhayo, pomwe zipwirizizi zidamangidwa. Kwa ngwazi, ndikofunikira kuti wosankhidwa wa Sophia anali munthu woyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, mlendoyo sachititsa manyazi a Milson Gronr - okondedwa ndi mwamuna wamtsogolo wa Sofia, chifukwa chuma cha ngwazi ndi chachikulu chokwanira kupatsa banja la Niece. STYYS imaphunzitsa Sophia Sophia wake.
Omwe amayenda ndi chitsanzo cha momwe munthu wachikulire wachikulire ndi wanzeru angathe.
Mawu
A Smokers adakhala malingaliro a wolemba. M'mawu a munthuyo, malingaliro a Fonvizin amabisika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso malingaliro andale za wolemba. Mwachitsanzo, ngwaziyo ikulankhula, mwachitsanzo, za kudziwa ndi chuma:
"Ndikuvomera kuti ndiyitane opambana ndi olemera. Inde, muvomereze kaye, amene ali ndi chidaliro komanso olemera. Ndimawerengera. Ndimawerengera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso, ndimawerengera kangapo kuti njonda yayikulu idachitira ndi tamayala. "" Olemera, amene amawerengera ndalama kuti awabizi pachifuwa, ndipo amene amafunikira kwambiri kuthandiza iwo amene safunikira. "Oh ukoma:
"Ukoma umasinthidwa ndi chilichonse, ndipo zabwinozo sizingasinthe chilichonse."Zokhudza Serfedom:
"Imvetsetsa ndi ukapolo wekha ngati sunakonzedwe."Pakukula kwa mwana wamkulu:
"Malingaliro, popeza ndi malingaliro chabe, zingwe. Tikuwona malingaliro odulira tikuwona amuna owonda, abambo oonda, nzika zopper. Mtengo wachindunji wa malingaliro umalemekeza. Popanda iye, munthu wanzeru ndi chilombo. "
Mu mbalame zina, zolumikizana zikuwonetsa malingaliro a wolemba boma ndi ntchito ya abambo:
"Pravdin. Koma anthu oyenera amenewo omwe amatumikira Boma mu Boma ... misewu. O! Iwo samasiya bwalo kuti ndiwothandiza pabwalo, ndipo ena ndi othandiza kwa iwo. Sindinakhale m'modzi woyamba ndipo sanafune kukhala m'gulu lakumapeto. "" Mwini nyumba yabwino amafuna kuti akweze moyo wa omumvera ake. "" Pravdin. Kotero kuti m'madzi abwino sanakhale ndi kusowa, tsopano kuyesayesa kwapadera kokhudza kulera ... Iyenera kukhala chinsinsi cha moyo wa Boma. Tikuwona zovuta zonse zamaphunziro oyipa. "Kapena amalankhula za nthawi yayikulu ya Peter, yomwe amakhulupirira zitsanzo, mosiyana ndi ngwazi zamakono za mtsogoleri wa Katherine ndi olemekezeka:
"Abambo anga andibweretsera ine nthawi yomweyo, ndipo sindinawapezere kudziphunzitsa. Anatumikira ndi Petro. Kenako munthu m'modzi wakuitanani, osati inu. Kenako sanadziwebe kuti anthu ambiri adzidziwitse za ambiri. Koma anthu ambiri saimirira yekha. "