Chiphunzitso
Pa moyo wake, Gustav Syerner adatchuka ngati abwino kwambiri pakati pa opera komanso ochita ku Austria. Ndipo mafani ocheperako opingasa omwe akuganiza kuti patsogolo pawo wovota waluso. Chowonadi chakuti mahler ndiye kamphona kakang'ono kwambiri ka m'zaka za zana la makumi awiri, anthu anzathu anamva zaka zana limodzi atamwalira.Kupanga kwa wolembayo kunachitika kuti ndi mlatho, womangiriridwa zachikondi cha XX ndi zamakono za XX. Ntchito zam'madzi za Mahler zakhala zodzoza komanso chitsanzo cha kutsanzira ma viseji yatsopano ya Benjamini ya Benjamin, ndipo nyimbo ndi nyimbo zake zakhala zikuchitika mwamphamvu pa konsati.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wojambula wamtsogolo ndi wochititsa mtsogolo anabadwira ku Austro-Hungary, ndipo tsopano Czekiya mu chilimwe cha 1860. Gustav ndiye mwana wachiwiri wa Ayuda ndi Mariya Germany ndi Bernhard Faler. Onse, ana 14 adabadwa m'banjamo, koma 8 adamwalira ndi matenda ang'onoang'ono ndi umphawi. Ndikosavuta kutumiza banja lochepera kuposa kukula kwa mfundo yolenga. Abambo, komanso agogo ake a Atate, ndi wosenda. Amayi - mwana wamkazi wa wopanga ochepa.
Mwayi wopanga luso lobadwa nalo ndi kumangiriza zojambulajambula ndi luso la nyimbo lomwe lili ndi zaka 4, banja litasamukira ku mzinda wakale wa Jelach Republic, wokhala makamaka ndi Ajeremani. Apa Gustav yoyamba adamva The Orchestra ndipo adapita ku Opera. Wamng'ono wonenepa nthawi yomweyo ankabwereza nyimbo zina chifukwa cha kukweza, kumveketsa kumvetsetsa makolo kuti pali kuwunika kwa talente mmenemo.
Ali ndi zaka 6, a Gustava adakhala piyano, ndikupanga mphunzitsi wa nyimbo. Mu 10, mnyamatayo adalemba nkhani zoyambirira ndikuwonekera pa siteji: woimba waluso adapemphedwa kutenga nawo mbali mu konsati ya mzinda. Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa mlungu ngati wolemba nkhani kuyambira 1874. Imfa yafika pakufa kwa m'bale wina wazaka 13, Gustav opangidwa ndi opera, koma olemba pamanja sanasungidwe. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, wachinyamatayo amalimbikira nyimbo ndi mabuku: zoposa maller sizinachite chidwi chilichonse.
Abambo, omwe ankakonda kukula wothandizira pantchito yam'banja, anayesa kusintha kusamalira mwana wake wamwamuna komanso chidwi cha sayansi, kutanthauzira kukapereka kosangalatsa, koma zoyesayesa zalephera. Anthu akuluakulu-akuluakulu amalandila ndikuchotsa utsi ku Vienna, atayang'anizana ndi chisamaliro cha Wachisanu ndi mphunzitsi Julius Epstein. Pulofesa wina adawona talente ya mnyamata wachifundo ndipo adalimbikitsa kuti alowe Vienna Conservatory. GUSTAV yophunziridwa pamayambiriro kwa epstein mkalasi ya piyano.
Mu 1875, a Gustav sayansi ankaona kuti analowa m'nkhani za nyimbo za ku Europe. Kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka ku Vienna, Richard Wagner anayima, adalimbikitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe za likulu la likulu. Osati opera limodzi, zomwe adapanga zomwe adatsogolera, wophunzira wolemekezeka wa comservatory sanaphonye. Ku Vienna, mzimu wa Beethoven ndi Schubert Veda, adalenga wovota ndi ma Brahm a Kiyan Johannes, omwe amakhudza zoyambirira zam'madzi.
Adeline Paty ndi Paoline Luka anawala pa kagawo ka opera, ku makonsati, Rins Rerter adachitidwa pa madokotala, ndipo wovotayo ndi anterser ndi anton yemwe anali wodalirika. Pambuyo 4 zaka, wolemba nkhaniyo adalemba "nyimbo yofananira", momwe chizolowezi cha zinthu ziwiri - Wagner ndi Bruckner adamva.
Kuphatikiza pa kuphunzira ku Conservatory, Gustac adawonetsa chidwi cha nzeru. Zaka ziwiri zidapita kumitu yomwe ili ku yunivesite ya Vienna. Kuti muchepetse malekezerowo ndi malekezero, woimbayo adapereka maphunziro a masewera a piyano. Kenako kwalama kunali koyenera tsogolo labwino ngati piyano. Wopanga ma Consuers aphunzitsi anakayikira zokayikira.
Nyimbo
Vienna adakhala waimba wa dziko lachiwiri, akukhudza zokonda, kudziwa njira ina, kupereka maphunziro abwino. Mu 1881, nsomba zamphongo zidapereka chilengedwe chake cha "nyimbo yofananira" pampikisano wapachaka wa Bethunhen. Cholinga chake chidasokonekera kuti chilephere: Jury adapereka kanjedza kampikisano ndi mphotho ya Robert Robert.
Kugonjetsedwa sikungovulala kumagunda Ma Sambaba, komanso anati, adasinthanso kusankha kwina. Gustavy adaponya pa theka la theka ndi opera, "Rykuval" nthano ndipo idayimilira kwa woponderezedwa ku Lybash (masiku ano LJubljana). Kenako analandira zowawa ku OLMYUZ, komwe ndinayenera kuteteza mfundo za chiwombankhanga cha orchestra. Ntchito idapitilirabe ku Vienna Karl thereat, komwe adamupatsira ntchito ya kammerter.
Mu 1883, GustavU idapatsidwa udindo wachiwiri wa chipani chachifumu ku Hessian Kassel, komwe adakhala kwa zaka 2. Osakwaniritsidwa Kukondana Ndi Woyimba Johann Orldter, achisoni adalemba "nyimbo za kuvala bwino", zomwe anthu adamva zaka 13 pambuyo pake. Ntchitoyi imatchedwa wachikondi kwambiri mu cholowa cha Wolemba.
Chifukwa chosiyana ndi utsogoleri wa zisupe, m'malo pa masewera a Kasel m'ma 188s, atalandira Angezant mu Prague Cirman Opera. Likulu la Czech Republicled wochititsa chidwi, ndipo wamkulu wa Angero Angero Neumuan adayamikira kwambiri kuti apeze Gustav, yemwe adayang'aniridwa ndi wotsogolera wa talente. Ku Prague, bambowo adamva kukoma kwaulemelero ndipo adamva kusintha kwa katswiri wapaukadaulo.
Mgwirizano unatha ndi seatch leiphzig ya mu 1886/1887 nyengo yokakamiza Faler kuti achoke ku Prague Watchete.
Kuzindikira kunabwera kwa Gustav MOLEME pamodzi ndi Premiere wa Opera "atatu, womwe unachitika mu Januwale 1988. Wolembayo pa pempho la woyambitsa wa ku Germany wachikazi Karl weber amagwira ntchito yopanda, ndipo "pindo itatu" yomwe inali yopambana kwambiri ku Germany.
Chapakatikati pa 1888, zovuta zomwe zimawalimbikitsanso wopanga nyimboyo kuti apange ntchito yodabwitsa - symhony yoyamba. Lero ndi nkhani yodziwika bwino kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri.
Atagwira ntchito ku Leipzig 2 Nyengo, woimbayo adachoka mumzinda. Kusamvana ndi wothandizira wotsogolera ndi kufuna kusamukira ku Budapest, komwe Gustav adapatsidwa malo a Director of the Royal Opera ndi Desic. Ndalama, momveka bwino, kuperekera kwawo, poizoni moyo wa wolemba. Atamwalira bambo ndi mayi ake, m'bale ndi alongo awiri adatsala pang'ono kuwasamalira.
Wotsogolera wa Smopest Sitate Moatre Moll adagwira ntchito. Kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi adakwanitsa kutembenukira ku Royal Chort Consert, atachotsa ulendowu ndikupanga orchestra yemwe adatenga opera ndi wovuta kuwonetsera. Wotsogolera adakwanitsa "kukoka" ku Opera Opera Disa Lilly Lehman, wotchuka ndi soprano yapadera.
Cha masika a 1891, Mahler adayitanitsa ku Hamburg: adayitanitsidwa paphiri lachitatu kwambiri ku Germany, ndikuchepetsa Berlin kokha ndi Munich, monga director ndi dontho. Siyani Budapest osakakamiza kuyitanitsa kokha, koma mphamvu yatsopano ya The Ricti Attatter - Wodzikonda Yemwe sanafune kuwona mutu wa opera wa Germany.
Kumayambiriro kwa chaka chamawa, nsomba za Gustav zimayikidwa mu gulu la Hamburg STATRA Peter Tchaikovsky "Eugene". Wopanga wa ku Russia ndi wochititsa aku Russia adafika ku Hamburg kuti ayimire wopondera wochititsa, koma kuwona zoyipa kuntchito, anakana. Tchaikovsky adayitanitsa mwaluso luso la Germany.
Ku Hamburg, wovotayo adapereka nyimbo "matsenga a mnyamatayo", amatenga dzina limodzi la ndakatulo za ndakatulo za Heidelberg Mug monga maziko. Zolemba zochokera kwa osonkhanira mahler amagwiritsidwa ntchito atalemba matchalitchi atatu - wachiwiri, wachitatu ndi wachinayi.
Kuchulukitsa kwa wopanga ndi wochititsa ku Hamburg adazindikira ku Vienna. Kuyambira pakati pa wazaka za m'ma 1890, khothi limatumiza nthumwi kwa iye, koma wachibale sanachepetse, kuopa malingaliro anti-semitric kumalamulira kumeneko. Koma Vienna adayimba ndi Manila. Mu February 1897, Gustav adabatizidwa mu Chikatolika ndipo nthawi yonseyi idayika siginecha pansi pa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano ndi khothi, kukhala wotsutsa wachitatu.
Njira yopita ku Ulemerero inali mtetezi, koma amuna adakwanitsa kuthana naye ndikutenga malo a wotsogolera wa zisudzo. Kunalibe chithunzi chodziwika bwino mu mzindawo, ngakhale panali zolakwika. Mbiri yachisanu yotchuka idabadwira ku Vienna, yomwe idagawika m'magawo awiri a anthu onse: ena adawona zonyansa komanso zowawa zida zowawa zokolola zakumwamba. Ndiye chisanu ndi chimodzi, chachisanu ndi chiwiri ndi chisanu ndi chitatu chionekera.
M'bwato la zisudzo, Gustav Amuna a Gustav anakhazikitsa malamulo atsopano ndi malamulo omwe si aliyense amene amakonda. Omvera odziwika, omwe kale anali m'mbuyomu zojambulazo, zomwe zidakwiya ku chiletso kuti zilowe mu zisudzo zikadzuka.
Mu 1907, wochititsa otchukayo adawona matenda, otopa chifukwa cha zovuta zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha matra zokakamiza kusiya gulu lomwe limakonda, lomwe linaperekedwa kwa zaka 10. Utsogoleri wa zisudzo ndi penshoni kapena mkhalidwe womwe wochititsa sangagwire ntchito iliyonse ya opera. Koma ndalamazo zidapezeka kuti Gustara iyenera kugwiranso ntchito.
Anapeza ntchito ku New Metropolitan Opera. Munthawi imeneyi, "Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi" ndi Niney Symphony adabadwa. Pa ntchito yopanga, zomwe zimalembedwa kambiri za Nietzsche, schiphenauer ndi dostoevsky akhudzidwa. Mbuye wotsiriza ankalemekeza kwambiri. M'chikulire kusisidwa mutu.
Moyo Wanu
Chikondi chinabweretsa kudzoza kwa wovota, koma osati chisangalalo m'moyo wamunthu. Mu 1902, Mahler adatsogolera Alma Schindler kwa zaka 19, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale tsiku lachinayi. Mkazi adabereka Gustavo ana awiri - atsikana a Maria ndi Anna.
Poyamba, moyo wa okwatirana umafanana ndi Idyll, koma mchaka chachisanu, vuto ndi nyumbayo linafika kunyumba ya Vienna. Wodwala Diphatheria ndi msungwana wam'ng'ono wamwalira, Maria wazaka 4. Posakhalitsa, madokotala anapeza matenda osamveka bwino kwambiri. Phiri lidakankhira wamtambo kuti afotokozere zoyenda "nyimbo za ana omwalirayo."
Moyo wabanja udasweka. Alma - wojambula waluso komanso woyimba - amakumbukira luso lakelo: m'mbuyomu, mayiyo amangoyang'ana ntchito ya Mkazi amene amagwira ntchito. Posakhalitsa anali ndi mbiri yodziwika bwino yodziwika bwino, yomwe munthu amadziwika. Koma banjali silinatenge gawo, koma adakhala pamodzi mpaka imfa ya wopatulikayo.
Imfa
Mu 1910, thanzi la Matra lidayimirira: mndandanda wanyumbayo unawonetsedwa mu mtima pamavuto. Koma achimuna anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito. Mu February 1911, wodwala mankhwalawa adayimilira kutonthoza, ndikuwombera pulogalamu yopangidwa ndi anthu aku Italiya.
Zowopsa za Gustav chinali matenda omwe amayambitsa endocarditis. Adayambitsa imfa. Mbuye wamwalira m'chipatala cha Vienna mu Meyi. Manda a Malime ali pafupi ndi manda a mwana wamkazi womwalirayo mu manda obiriwira.
Kanemayo anawomberedwa ndi moyo wa munthu wanzeru komanso wochititsa. Wotsogolera Ken Russell adayitanidwa ndi Robert Powell pa gawo la munthu wamkulu. Chosangalatsa ndi ubale wa Mwamuna ndi Beyonce kuposa nyenyezi zaku America.
Nyimbo
- 1880 - "Nyimbo Zakumapeto"
- 1885-1886 - Nyimbo za Kuvala
- 1892 - 11901 - "nyali yamatsenga
- 1901-1902 - "Nyimbo pa ndakatulo yyockert
- 1901-1904 - "Nyimbo za ana omwalira
- 1884-1888 - Symphony nambala 1
- 1888-1894 - Symphony nambala 2
- 1895-1896 - Symphony nambala 3
- 1899-1901 - Symphony nambala 4
- 1901-1902 - Symphony nambala 5
- 1903-1904 - Symphony nambala 6
- 1904-1905 - nambala 7
- 1906 - Symphony nambala 8
- 1909 - Symphony nambala 9
- 1908-1909 - "Nyimbo ya Dziko Lapansi"