Chiphunzitso
William Turner ndi wojambula wachikondi waku Britain, yemwe ntchito yake idasiyanitsidwa ndi njira yodziwika bwino ku chithunzi cha malo okhala. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka madzi ndi mafuta, kusankha phala lowala bwino. Ngakhale kuti pambuyo pake zojambula za mbuyeyo sanatengedwe ndi anthu omwe adalipo, tsopano ndi zovuta kungopereka zowonjezera zothandizira kwa osner ku penti padziko lonse.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Joseph Mallord William Turner adabadwa pafupifupi pa Epulo 23, 1775 m'gulu limodzi la London lotchedwa munda wa London. Bambo wa aluso amtsogolo William adagwira ntchito yamaluso popanga ma wigs, ndipo kumapeto kwa 1770 adayambitsa tsitsi. Mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka 10, adasamukira kumalulu ake kwa mzinda wa Breropolitan. Cholinga cha izi chinali matenda amisala ama mayi a William ndi zovuta m'mabanja omwe adapanga chifukwa cha izi.
Kukhala ndi wachibale, mnyamatayo anayamba kukhala ndi chidwi ndi luso lowoneka. Atamaliza maphunziro ake kusukulu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1880, Turner adasamukiranso ku London, komwe adapeza ntchito pa olemba nkhani ndi opanga mapuramu. Mmodzi wa iwo anali wojambula wotchuka wa Chingerezi thomas Malton.
M'nyengo yozizira 1789 William, yemwe nthawi imeneyo anali ndi zaka 14, adalembetsa ku Acace Asermy of Arts. Adatenga mayeso olowera kwa anyamata ang'ono a Stang Joshua Reynolds, omwe ndi ojambula ojambula. M'tsogolomu, kukhala wophunzira wophunzitsidwa maphunziro otchuka, Turner adakondwera kudalira nkhani za wojambula yemwe adalimbikitsa chiyero cha madzi am'madzi.
Pikicha yopentedwa
Pa maphunziro ake ku Sukulu, wojambula wa Novice mokwanira adasanthula zokambirana zonse pazomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale purezidenti woyamba wa luso. Chaka chisanayambe, William, wolemba madzi am'madzi, adawonetsa chiwonetserochi pa chiwonetsero cha pachaka.
Kupaka zovala ndi mafuta, kumabwezedwa kuti awonekere, Turner adapangidwa mu 1790th. Pambuyo pake, ntchito ya ojambulayo nthawi zonse idawonetsedwa ku Sukulu. Mu 1791, iye adalandira udindo wa zojambulajambula ku Opera Pantheon, yemwe ali pa Street Street, komanso amagwiranso ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wopaka utoto.
William adagwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira za luso ngati ambuye akale ndi amakono ojambula. Nkhani zongoyerekeza za ntchito ya anthu ena, adakonzanso zifanizo zawo ndikufotokoza zakukhosi kwake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti bambo yemwe ali ndi chidwi chapadera amatchulidwa penti ya a Claude Lorren: Malinga ndi törner, sakanatha kubwereka misozi, akuwona "wotchedwa" woyendayenda wa Sava. " Watercolor adati ziwopsezo zamkuntho zoterezi zimagwirizana ndi zomwe sanawonepo kale china chonga icho.
Zaka zambiri pambuyo pake, pomwe William atanenanso za kutchuka, adayika malo osungirako utoto "dziko, woyambitsa wa Carthage", komwe amawachitira monga mwaluso kwambiri. Adangofunsa za chinthu chimodzi - kuti ntchitoyi isinthana ndi "kuyenda kwa Mfumukazi Sava." Turner adaphunzirira mwatsatanetsatane katswiri wazopeka za a Arorn, kuphatikiza ma Alburamu omwe ali ndi zojambula zake za liberi, zomwe zidauziridwa ndi zojambula za nthawi yopanga zojambula za ku France.
Pambuyo pake, a William adakonza zotulutsidwa kwake album yake yotchedwa Studiorium yovomerezeka ndikupanga njira yofananira ngati zojambula za Lorren. Bukuli lidapangidwa kuti liwonetsetse kuti ojambula novice amagwiritsa ntchito ngati buku. Zolemba zomwe zimagawidwa chifukwa cha zigawo za ku America - kupaka utoto wa mbiri yakale, zomanga, nyumba ndi zopeka, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi nyanja.
Wosanduka woyamba waulendo wachitika mu 1791. Pambuyo pake, wojambulayo nthawi zonse amatumizidwa ku Ulendo wa ku Europe - ku Switzerland, France, Italy, ndikupanga zojambula ndi thandizo la phale loyenda. William adasiya pambuyo pa cholowa chachikulu - zoposa 10 zikwi.
Ntchito Zogwidwa mu Albums zakhala maziko a zojambulajambula zomwe adapanga ku London. Kuti akhale moyo wake wolenga, bambo wake nthawi zambiri amabwerera kumayiko akale kwambiri.
William Turner, pokhala wojambula wodziwika bwino, adalandira udindo wofanana wa Acaly Acaly Academy pa Novembara 4, 1799. Pambuyo pa zaka 2, asodzi a "asodzi munyanja" adawonetsedwa ku sukuluyi, pambuyo pake adapeza chipambano chachikulu ndi kufalitsa. Wojambula wa Benjamini West anayerekezera ntchito ya nthumwi yazachinyengo ndi utoto wachi Dutch Regeter Rebrandt. Pa February 10 a chaka chomwecho, William adalandira mbiri ya ojambula achichepere omwe adakwaniritsa mawonekedwe a Asvice Asvicemian.
Nthawi zonse wowonerayo adalimbikira kukonza ukadaulo wake, woperekedwa nthawi yayitali kuti aphunzire maulalo pakati pa za jiclogication pakati pa za jiclogications komanso zosokoneza mpweya ndi madzi. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19, adakwaniritsa bwino komanso kulimba mtima m'madzi ake, omwe nthawi zambiri amapaka utoto ndi mafuta.
Pogwira ntchito yake, William sanagwiritse ntchito madyerero, ndikupanga malo okhala ndi mawonekedwe, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe anakumana nazo ndi zikumbutso. Mwa zojambula, Turn adapanga chithunzi cha anthu pa zipika, kuyenda ndi ntchito ya kumunda. Ndi chidwi ndi chikondi chojambula munthu, mbuyeyo adadutsa pa Canvas, momwe ungwiro wake ndi suffeofera ndi wofooka pamaso pa chilengedwe - nthawi yomweyo wodekha komanso wowopsa, koma mosasamala.
Mu 1807, William adapeza ntchito ku Acace Academy monga mphunzitsi wa malingaliro. Analemba pulogalamu yophunzitsira m'njira yoti isangokhudzana ndi nkhani yomwe tafotokozayi, komanso mitu yambiri. Nkhani za Turner zinali zosinthana ndi ma amvula ndipo adapita kukadanda mutu wowondedwa wa wojambula - funso la "kujambula ndakatulo".
William Turner adatchuka atatha kulemba zojambula, zomwe zimapangidwa kunkhondo ndi Napoleon - "munda ndi waterloo" ndi "Trafalhari" komanso "Trafalhari".
Wojambula kwa nthawi yoyamba adapita ku Italy mu 1819. Anapita ku Turni, Milan, Roma, Venice ndi Naples, komwe ankaphunzira ntchito yamakono, monga Tintoretto, Rafael.
Pamodzi ndi ulendo wopita ku Italy, zojambula za William zidakhala zowala, ndipo phale lawo limakhala lozama kwambiri ndi ulamuliro wa mitundu yoyambira. Komanso pantchito yake, mutu watsopano wa Veneti unawonekera, womwe unakhala wapadera kwa wojambulayo. Adayendera Venice nthawi zitatu - mu 1819, 1833, 1840, motero zikumbukira za mzindawu udawonetsedwa mu Canvas.
Komabe, si aliyense wokhutitsidwa bwino kwa Törner - wotongoletsedwa ndi arto george Boton adatsutsa motsimikiza kuti "ufulu" ndi "chipembedzo" cha ntchito zake. Pambuyo pake, zopangidwa ndi zatsopano pantchito ya William, omwe amayembekeza magawo a utoto kumapeto kwa 19 - koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 19 - kunadzetsa chidwi cha nthawi ya anthu a nthawi.
Anthu a ku Victoria Era, yomwe imakonda kwenikweni, ngakhale siyosiyana ndi luso lajambula, komanso kuwonetsa chidwi komanso mtundu wofatsa, movutikira ena aluso.
Mu 1830-1840, Turner adamveka bwino kuchokera kwa omvera ndi otsutsa. Wojambulayo ngakhale anali ndi mbiri yamisala chifukwa cha ntchito zake zomwe zidafalikira ndi zotsogola. Pakukhudzana ndi zonsezi, Mfumukazi Victoria anakana kuti amange William mu Knights. Komabe, panalinso anchi oteteza zowawa za wopweteka waku Britain - wolemba John Ryuskin adamupatsa mutu wa wojambula wamkulu kwambiri kuposa onse.
Moyo Wanu
Zokhudza moyo wa munthu wapamtima zimadziwika kuti ndizochepa kwambiri, adabisa bwino tsatanetsatane wa ubale wake. Kuchokera kwa zaka zolambira kholo, yemwe adabwera mu 1829, William amakhala naye. Abambo analinso wothandizira komanso bwenzi.Wotembenusa sanapeze mkazi yemwe anali wokonzeka kupanga mkazi wake. Koma kwazaka zambiri amakhala limodzi ndi mayi wamasiye wotchedwa Sara Danby. Banja linali ndi ana awiri, atsikana onse awiri. Kenako, William ali ndi zaka 18 pokhudzana ndi nyumba ya caroline, amakhala ku Chelsea.
Imfa
Zinali ku Chelsea pa Disembala 19, 1851 moyo wa ojambulayo unasweka. Choyambitsa chaimfa chinali matenda a kolera. Mawu omaliza a William Torner - "Dzuwa ndi Mulungu." Wojambulayo adayikamo tchalitchi cha St. Paul pafupi ndi manda a Sir Yoshua Reynolds.
Mu 2014, kanema waluso wochokera ku Mike Lee, akunena za gawo lomaliza la moyo wa ojambula achingerezi achizungu. William Turner adasewera ndi akatswiri a Seattate Timoteo.
Zojambula
- 1799 - "Kudziyimira nokha"
- 1812 - "Mtolankhani Wachisanu"
- 1812 - "Kusintha kwa Hannibal kudzera pa Alps"
- 1818 - "Dordcht"
- 1835 - "
- 1839 - "Kuuluka komaliza kwa sitima" "
- 1840 - "Sitima Yake"
- 1844 - "Mvula, nthunzi ndi liwiro"
- 1845 - "Kutuluka kwa dzuwa ndi zilombo zam'madzi"
- 1845 - "Santers Castle, Kutuluka Kutuluka"