Mbiri Yodziwika
Mikhail Afanastevich bulgakov idapereka mabuku padziko lonse lapansi a ngwazi zosemphana. Mwa kafukufuku wolemba kulemba, adaphimba nthawi zamakono, malingaliro amalingaliro a zinthu zosatha komanso anthu otchulidwa anthu. Wolemba adagwira ntchito yovutayi pomwe buku lililonse, kusewera ndi nkhani idayang'aniridwa okhazikika. Ntchito zambiri za wolemba zatchuka patadutsa zaka zingapo pambuyo pofalitsa nkhaniyi.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Nkhani "Mtima wa Galu" adabadwanso ndi wolemba kumbuyo mu 1925. Bulgakov adakhala miyezi itatu kuti agwire ntchito. Zovuta ndi kufalitsa ntchito chifukwa cha kudzipatula komanso kusatsimikizika kwa wolemba sikunasiye chiyembekezo chofalitsidwa ndi nkhaniyi. Analembanso mobwerezabwereza ndi dzanja ndipo adatsitsidwa kuchoka ku dzanja kupita ku gulu la abwenzi apamtima ndi anzawo a Bulgakov. Oyimira mphamvu adaphunzira za "galu mtima" wokha mu 1926. Izi zidachitika mwangozi. Wolemba adasaka kwambiri kusaka kwa ogpu, omwe antchito ake adalemba zolemba.
Ntchitoyi idapita kumayiko osungirako a Soviet ndipo adakhalabe anthu ambiri kwa nthawi yayitali. Pali zolemba zingapo za nkhaniyi zomwe zimasungidwa mulaibulale yaku Russia Russian State. Kusanthula kwawo kumathandiza kuti kufanizira kuchuluka kwa mbiri ya ntchito ya ntchitoyi.
Ofesi yoyamba ya Edioni imakhala ndi chithunzi cha ndale za Soviet Union ndikutumiza kwa olamulira. Imodzi mwazomwe mungalembetse zolemba pamanja zomwe wolemba adapereka pawokha pawokha adapereka Almanucu "Ibraraz" kuti ifalitsidwe. Ntchitoyi idachita chidwi ndi ungolant. Kamener Mwiniwake amaletsa buku la nkhaniyi, ndikuyitanira chithunzi chakuthwa kwamakono. Owerenga adaphunzira za tsogolo la otchulidwa Bulgakov mu nthawi ya perestroka, pomwe wopepuka udafooka.
Chiwembu cha nkhaniyi kuphatikiza zinthu zopeka komanso zenizeni. Panali kudzudzulidwa ndi mphamvu, motero kunatchuka mu 1960s. Nkhani yofalitsa m'ma 1990 idamuukitsa m'mitunda ya mabuku ofotokoza padziko lonse lapansi. Bulgakov adafotokoza za tsoka la anthu kudzera mkangano wotchulidwa omwe sakanakhoza kumvetsetsa komanso chilankhulo chimodzi. Munkhani itatu otchulidwa. Nkhaniyi imachitika mu mawonekedwe a itologie wa ku Psa, omwe adayesa. Zochitika zimaphimbidwa mu diary ya Dr. Boorment.
"Mtima wa Gulu"
Nkhaniyi imafotokoza za kuyesa kwachilendo, komwe madokotala awiri anali ataledzera: Pulofesa Spoobrazhensky ndi wolimbikitsa. Ivan Arnoldovich yolimbikitsa inali pulofesa wothandizira wa Joobrazhensky, chifukwa chomwe ndimabuku ake adachita bwino. Mphunzitsiyo anavomera wophunzirayo popanda chopeza ndalama ku dipatimenti, kenako nkumachilandira kwa wothandizira.
Zolimbikitsa zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino. Uyu ndiye mnyamata wophunzira amene ali wofunika mtengo wa mawu ake. Ngakhale zaka zachinyamata, akuwonetsa kuti ali ndi udindo kuposa kudalirika kwa kusandulika. Chifukwa chake, alipo poyesera pakadali pano, pomwe galu wa mpira adalowa m'nyumba ya Pulofesa. Poganizira aphunzitsi a anzeru, adotolo amatsatira malamulo a pulofesa komanso zomwe anachita zomwe zimachitika zimawona zomwe zasayansi.
Kuwona kuyesera, malire amapanga malipoti ndikusangalala zomwe zikuchitika. Popita nthawi, adasamukira ku Pulofesayo, popeza kuyesa kunafuna chidwi chokwanira pa waya. Munthu wogwirizana kumene amafunikira kutenga nawo mbali kutenga nawo mbali. Zovuta kwambiri kuposa zomwe kale adachita muang'ono zochitika pamankhwala omwe adapanga mipira, ndipo adalemba za iye. Dokotala akugwiranso mphamvu kuti athe kukonza ma sharicov, ndipo amaperekedwa kwathunthu kwa maphunzirowa, kuiwala za moyo wanu.
Zovuta za sharikov chotsani bronal, koma chifukwa kuyesako kuli ndi tanthauzo la sayansi, adotolo ali. Kukula tsiku lililonse kumakhala kotheratu. Kuzindikira kuti kuyesa kunayamba kubweretsa mavuto, mnyamatayo atenga katundu wa udindo osazindikira yemwe ali pomwepo.
Bulgakov adapatsidwa ntchito ya Barretheeil kuti athetse nyale pamene iye, ndikugwedeza otembenuka, adawopseza ozungulira. Anawombera dzanja loyeserayo, atachiritsira pulofesayo kuti asankhe payekha. Wolemba adapanga malire ndi munthu wabwino, ndikugogomezera kufunikira kwa ulemu ndi ulemu waumunthu. Pakusankha kwa ngwazi, lingaliro lidzaonedwa kuti Bulgakov angavomereze, chifukwa adalemba zithunzi za ngwazi zochokera kwa omwe amadziwa, kutengera zomwe adakumana nazo.
Kukhalapo kwa malire ndi zochitika zasayansi ndizofunikira, popeza kutenga nawo mbali kunapangitsa ntchito ya probrazhenst, ngati makina oyenda. Pokhala mphunzitsi wothandizidwa, anapatsidwa mlandu waukulu wa wophunzira wothokoza. Pozindikira kuti malingaliro ndi kuwerengera zidapangidwa mopepuka, ogwira nawo ntchito amabweza thupi, kudzipatula ku zoipa zoyipa.
Wotsogola ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi luso loti asakhale othandizira kumbuyo. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha zomwe akutenga pulofesa yemwe ali m'tsogolo kwa wophunzirayo. Koma chikondi cha wachinyamata kumabizinesi iye anali wofunika kwambiri. Kukhala mu mthunzi wa mphunzitsi, kotopetsa anali maziko, chifukwa chowerengera kusandulika kunachitika.
Kutchinga
Nkhani ya Bulgakov "Mtima wa galu" sunatchuka ndi ma cnematotopri. Chithunzi choyamba pantchitoyi chidachotsedwa mogwirizana ndi olemba aku Italy ndi Germany motsogozedwa ndi wotsogolera Alberto Lattadada. M'malo a Dr. Ogwira ntchito mufilimuyo adabwera ochita sewero a Mario.
Mu Soviet Union, bukuli silimatulutsidwa kamodzi. Mu polojekiti vladimir bortko, yofalitsidwa mu 1988, Dr. Borment wogwira ntchito Boris Carmen.