Mbiri Yodziwika
Nkhani ya Nikolai Nekrasov "yemwe amakhala bwino ku Russia" adalembedwa zaka zoposa zana zapitazo. Ndakatuloyi imapereka mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pamavuto ndi mayeso omwe anthu aku Russia adapita, ndikujambula zomwe chisangalalo chimawoneka ngati anthu wamba. Ntchitoyi ndi yotchedwa ndi funso losatha, kwazaka zambiri, tonsefe timavutika ndi aliyense wa ife.Nkhaniyi imapereka wowerenga kuti adzidziwe yekha nkhani yoyambirira. Akuluakulu ake otchuka adakhala anyamatawa, anasonkhanitsidwa kuti adziwe malo omwe munthu wachimwemwe amakhala. Mwa kusanthula maudindo onse, amunawo amadziwana ndi nkhani za anthu, okondwa kwambiri omwe anali osonyeza seminari. Mtengo wa ngwazi ngati iyi ndi yofunika. Chimwemwe kwa wophunzirayo sichinali moyo wabwino, koma mtendere ndi mtendere m'maiko a kwawo, ndi moyo wa anthu.
Mbiri Yolengedwa
Ndakatuloyi idapangidwa munthawi ya 1863 mpaka 1877, ndipo nthawi ya ntchitoyi, otchulidwa ndi malingaliro omwe adasinthidwa adasinthidwa mobwerezabwereza. Ntchitoyi sinamalizidwe, chifukwa wolembayo anamwalira mu 1877, koma "yemwe ku Russia Live bwino" amamuona ngati sirasiri yolimba.
Nekrasov imatchuka chifukwa cholankhula ndi zinthu zomveka bwino. Anadzutsa mobwerezabwereza mavuto pantchito, kusokoneza wamba wamba. Wolembayo adatsutsa chilango cha eni malo ndi serfis, kugwira ntchito kwa amayi ndi kulumikizana kwa ana kuti agwire ntchito. Pambuyo pochotsa Serfemondo mu 1861, chisangalalo chomwe anthu wamba sanabwere. Vuto la osamasuka lidasinthidwa ndi zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi chiyembekezo chokhudza moyo wapadera pawokha.
Zithunzi zinatsikira mu ndakatulo zomwe zimathandizira kulowa kuya kwa funso lomwe adafunsidwa ndi wolemba. Neksoov akuwonetsa kusiyana pakati pa chisangalalo pakumvetsetsa kwa eni malo ndi munthu wosavuta. Olemera ali ndi chidaliro kuti chinthu chachikulu m'moyo ndichabwino, ndipo kupembedza kosawuka kusowa kwa zovuta zapamwamba. Anthu auzimu a anthu akufotokozedwa ndi Ermila Girin ndi Grisa Dobrozin, yemwe amalota.
Nekrasov mu "Yemwe ku Russia kuti akhale bwino" imasankha mavuto a makalasi, kuzindikira zadyera komanso zankhanza za olemera, osaphunzira komanso kuledzera pakati pa anthu wamba. Amakhulupirira kuti, pozindikira kuti chisangalalo chenicheni ndi chiani, ngwazi zonsezi zimayesetsa kuchita bwino.
Ndakatulo "yemwe amakhala bwino ku Russia"
Matrain Tiphofeeevna korchagin - nkhope yovomerezeka pantchitoyo. Tili ndi zaka, anali wokondwa kwambiri, popeza nthawi imeneyi inali yosasangalatsa. Makolo ankakonda mtsikanayo, ndipo anafunafuna kuthandiza banja lake pachilichonse. Monga ana ena a anthu wamba, matrena adaphunzitsidwa ntchito. Pang'onopang'ono masewerawa adatulutsidwa ndi nkhawa komanso zovuta zapakhomo, koma mtsikana wokula mwachangu sanaiwale za zosangalatsa.
Umunthu uwu ndi wolimbikira ntchito komanso wakhama. Maonekedwe ake anali okondwa ndi diso la owerengedwa ndi kukongola kwa Russia. Amuna ambiri anali ndi mitundu ya mtsikanayo, ndipo mkwati akakhazikitsidwa. Pa moyo wachicheperewu komanso wachimwemwe usanafike kumapeto. Chifunirocho chinasinthidwa ndi njira, kulamulira banja la wina, makolo a ku Matna. Amayi a mtsikanayo, atazindikira kuti mwamuna wake sadzateteza mwana wake wamkazi, amalira tsogolo lake.
Moyo mu nyumba yatsopano ndipo sanafunse nthawi yomweyo. Zolovka ndi makolo a wokwatirana nawo agwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo sanasangalale ndi njira yake yabwino. Chisangalalo chokha chokongola chinali mipango ya silika yomwe idaperekedwa ndi mwamuna wake ndikuyenda pamwala.
Ubwenzi muukwati sungathe kutchedwa yosalala, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo amunawa nthawi zambiri amamenya akazi ake, ndipo atsikanawo sanali kwa omwe angafune thandizo ndi kuwateteza. Masana matrena anali imvi komanso yodzikuza, yodzaza ndi abale ndi a pop-up. Mutayatsa zabwino za slavyka, mtsikanayo sanawononge tsogolo lonse ndipo adayamba chipiriro champhamvu.
Mwana wobadwa mwana adawululira marreus kuchokera ku mbali yatsopano. Mayi wachikondi, amapatsa mwana wake mwachikondi chilichonse chomwe chitha. Chisangalalo cha mtsikanayo chinali chachifupi. Adayesa kukhala nthawi yayitali, koma ntchitoyo idatenga mphindi iliyonse, ndipo mwanayo anali wolemetsa. Agogo ake amasamalira mwana wa Matrena ndipo kamodzi sanaphike. Mwanayo anamwalira. Cum yake yakhala tsoka kwa mayi wachichepere. M'masiku amenewo, zochitika ngati zoterezi zimachitika nthawi zambiri, koma zidakhala mayeso odabwitsa kwa akazi.
Apolisi omwe adabwera kunyumbayo, kutayikira ndipo namondweyo adagawana nyama yomwe ili pachiwonetsero ndi agogo ake, omwe kale adatsutsa, adawononga mwana. Adaganiza zotenga zopanga kuti akhazikitse zoyambitsa za iye. Kwa mtsikana, imakhala yachisoni chachikulu, chifukwa tsopano mwana sangathe kuyikidwa m'manda osaphuka.
Chithunzi cha Matrena ndi chithunzi cha mayi weniweni waku Russia, wothamanga, wothandiza komanso woleza mtima. Amayi omwe sangathe kuthyola moyo wa ziphuphu. Pambuyo, matrena amalandilanso ana. Amawakonda ndi kuwateteza, kupitiriza ntchito kuti banja lake lipindulire.
Ma NAMENSON ya Matrena Tofueevna ndiyabwino kwambiri kotero kuti chifukwa cha ana a ngwazi akonzeka pachilichonse. Zimalimbikitsanso nkhaniyo pamene mwana wamwamuna Fedotos amafuna kulanga mwininyumbayo. Mkazi OSAY adagwa pansi, nabwera nayo kudzipereka m'malo mwa mwana wake. Chomwecho changu chomwecho, chimalumikizana ndi mwamuna wake, chomwe angafune kunyamula olemba ntchito. Kupembedzera kwa anthu, kumapereka banja la Matrena.
Moyo wachipatala wosavuta ndi wovuta komanso wachisoni. Iye sanapulumuka chaka chimodzi cha ndidzaso, mwana wake wamwamuna, anali kuda nkhawa nthawi zonse za mtima wokwera mtengo wa anthu. Kupezeka konse kwa Matrena Timoteevna amakhudzidwa ndi mavuto, ataimirira. Mavuto omwe adagwera pa gawo lake amatha kuthyola mzimu. Nthawi zambiri azimayi amakonda matrery anamwalira m'mawa kwambiri chifukwa cha zovuta komanso zovuta. Koma omwe otsalira amachititsa kuti anyadire ndi ulemu. Chithunzi cha mayi waku Russia komwe kumaso kwa matrena as nekrasov.
Wolemba akuwona momwe amavalira komanso wodwala, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi chikondi kumasunga moyo wake, momwe amakhalira komanso ofatsa komanso okonda kugwira ntchito. Samakonda kutchula ngwazi zachimwemwe, koma amanyadira kuti sanataye, koma amakhala wopambana mu nkhondo yamoyo.
Mawu
Ku Tsarist Russia, moyo wa mkazi unali wovuta kwambiri. Pofika zaka 38, a Timofeev, mayi wachikulire adadzitcha yekha. Panali zovuta zambiri, omwe mayiyo adamuyesa pawokha, motero amatsutsa amuna omwe adakumana ndi osangalala pakati pa akaziwo:
"Ndipo chakuti kuti mwayamba, osati mlandu - pakati pa kusaka kwa Babomitya!"
Chifukwa cholimba ndi mphamvu za Mzimu, ngwazi idayamba kuyimbira "kazembe", chifukwa si mkazi aliyense yemwe adazimiririka chifukwa cha zomwe zidachitika. Mkazi watsopano wosankha woyenera, koma dzinali silinabweretse chisangalalo. Chimwemwe chachikulu kwa Kudchagigist siili mu ulemerero wa anthu:
"Tinafooka ndi kazembe, wotchedwa Wanatrut kuyambira pamenepo ... wotsatira ndi uti? Ndimalamulira gulu la ana ... Kodi muyenera kudziwa za chisangalalo?Mutu womwe ngwaziyo imatsegula maso ake kulakwitsa, yotchedwa "fanizo". Matrena Timofevna akuvomereza kuti sizingathe kudzizindikiritsa komanso anthu ena achimwemwe. Pali otsutsa ambiri, kuyesedwa, mkwiyo wa eni nyumba, kupsa mtima kuchokera kumbali ya amuna ndi abale ake, ziphuphu za tsoka. Matraine amakhulupirira kuti pakati pa akazi palibe:
"Makiyi ochokera ku chisangalalo cha mkazi, kuchokera ku volusiochoshit yathu yaulere, idataya Mulungu iyemwini!"