Mbiri Yodziwika
Wotsutsa wa dzina lomweli la ndakatulo Mikhal Lermontov. Mnyamatayo, kuyambira paubwana wotsekedwa pamotono motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake. Amwalira atangotha kuthawa.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Mikhail Lermontov anagwira ntchito pa ndakatulo ya Petzyzyrian mu 1838-1839. Buku loyamba lidachitika mu 1840 m'gulu la "ndakatulo ya" Lermontov "ndi mafotokozedwe ena. Ndakatuloyi imadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa zitsanzo zomaliza za mtundu wachikondi ku Russia. Chiwembu cha ndakatulo lermonc akuti adasilira kuchokera ku nkhani ina, yomwe idamva pofotokoza za Caucasus, pomwe wolemba ndakatulo adatumizidwa mu 1837.
Wolemba ndakatuloyo adadutsa mumsewu wakale wa Georgia, womwe ukudutsa phirilo lalikulu la Caucasus. Pamenepo, mumzinda wa Mchalitchi, Lermontov adalankhula ndi Monk wina yemwe adauza wolemba ndakatulo wake. Monk iyi idachitika kuchokera ku banja la phirilo ndipo ali ndiubwana adagwidwa. General Alexey Jermolov anali mwana yekhayo, koma mnyamatayo adakumana ndi mseu, ndipo wamkuluyo adamsiya mu nyumba ya amonke pa chisamaliro cha kubereka.
Mwanayo anakulira mu nyumba ya amonke, koma sakanatha kuchotsa zinthu zatsopano ndipo anayesera kangapo kuti abwerere kumapiri. Pambuyo poyesa kwina, mwanayo adadwala kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi adamwalira. Nkhaniyi idakayikira kwambiri ndi a Lermonctov kotero kuti adapanga ndakatulo yochokera m'mbiri yomwe imva. Kaya gawo ili lili mu moyo wa Lermontov, kapena adapangidwa ndi ojambula zakale, ndizovuta kunena tsopano.
Ndakatuloyi ndiyowoneka ndi mphamvu zazikulu za nkhani ya ku Georgia. Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro a nkhondo ya mnyamatayo wokhala ndi nyalugwe kapena akambuku ndiofala zolemba za ku Georgia. Dzinalo la ndakatulo lomwe limayamba kumveka ngati "bari", lomwe linamasuliridwa kuchokera ku Georgia limatanthawuza "Monk". Pambuyo pake, Wolemba adalowa m'malo mwa dzina pa "MTS" - Mawu omwe amatanthauza nthawi imodzi ndi "novice", komanso "mlendo", omwe amawonetsa molondola tanthauzo la zomwe zikuchitika mu ndakatulo. Kusintha ndakatulo pambuyo pake, Lermontov adaponyera gawo la lembalo, mwina amawopa kufufuza. Mu mizere iyi, MTSi adzadandaula kuti m'malo mwa mayi, Mulungu adampatsa m'ndende.
Ndakatulo "mtsyry"
Ngwaziyo idabadwira ndikukula ku Caucasus m'banja lonyada. M'mabaibulo, ngwazi imawona Atate m'chifanizo cha wankhondo, mu zovala zolimbana ndi mfuti. Mnyamata wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anagwira wamkulu wa ku Russia ndipo anatengedwa m'mphepete mwake. Panjira, mwanayo anadwala, ndipo wamkuluyo anayenera kusiya mnyamatayo ku nyumba ya amonke. Kumeneko mwana anali atasiyidwa mokakamiza, ndipo McSI motsutsana ndi chifuniro amayenera kukhala amonke.
Ngwazi yasungako mtundu wa m'mapiri, chilengedwe chachikhalidwe, chotentha komanso chonyada komanso mzimu wamphamvu ", womwe wachinyamatayu adatengera kwa makolo. Ali mwana, ngwaziyo idakana chakudya cham'yams kuti zisanyadire ndipo adagwirizana kuti afe ndi njala. Ngakhale mwana anali ngwazi wolimba, sanadandaule, sanalire ndikudwala mwakachetechete.
Asanaphedwe, abvomereza, Ngwazi idatinso moyo wake ndi "zowawa zowawa". Ngwazi zikukumbukira zakale - Nyumba ya Atate ndi chilore, komwe Aul anali atayimilira, momwe banja la MCYYI limakhalira. Pamene ngwaziyo inali mu nyumba ya amonke, nkhwangyo wina anayamba kuleza mnyamatayo chifukwa chomvera chisoni. Kuchira, ngwazi, komabe, sanasangalale, ndikubisala kwa anthu, sanasewere ndikugwidwa.
Montel wakale, yemwe anapulumutsa mnyamatayo kuti afe, amayembekeza kuti pakapita nthawi, mcigi amachotsa abale ake, akaiwala za zakale ndi zomwe zimawerengeredwa mu nyumba ya amonke. Mnyamatayo adayiwaladi nkhope za okondedwa ndipo adakumbukira zakale zake, zinali zowopsa moyo wake, adayamba kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chakomweko ndipo sanapatsidwe ndi Atate Woyera, koma sizinatembenukire bwino. Ngwatoyo inapitiliza moyo wake waufupi kuti alere ufulu ndi maloto ake ndipo anazindikira moyo wake mu nyumba ya amonke ngati kukhala m'ndende.
Banja la MCSI likupitiliza kukhala kwinakwake m'mapiri a Caucasus, ndipo makolo mwina makolo mwina amalingalira za ngwazi ya akufa, palibe chomwe chimadziwa za momwe ziliri pano za MTSI. Kukhala anyamata akuluakulu, ngwazi imadzipereka yekha mawu oti adzawonekere ndi abale ake. Ngwazi ikangochitika kuti athawe ku nyumba ya amonke. Ngwazi imatha usiku mu phokoso lamphamvu, koma limagwiritsa ntchito ufulu wa masiku atatu. Munthawi imeneyi, ngwazi ili ndi nthawi yokumane ndi Barz, lowani naye nkhondo ndikugonjetsa wososa izi.
Panthawi yochepa iyi kumwamba, Mcsisiry imakumananso ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chaching'ono, chomwe chimayang'aniridwa. Mtsikanayo akupita ku Mtsinje wa Phiri kuti ukaimbe madzi kukhala jug. Pa ku Georgia, zovala zosauka ndi chadra, koma mawu a mtsikanayo akuwoneka kuti ndi "wokoma wokoma". Ngwazi imaona nyumba yomwe mtsikanayo ali salu, yemwe "adakula pathanthwe", ndipo wokhathamira wa buluu womwe umayenda padenga lathyathyathya. Makumbukidwe awa akumwalira chifukwa cha ngwazi yamatenda imawona kuti ndi yofunika kwambiri m'moyo.
Kwa enieni akuyika ngwazi, komabe, safika. Mczyry amapita kumapiri, koma kuchokera panjira kuthengo, amabwera ndipo amabwerera ku nyumba ya amonke, ndipo anathawa. M'nkhalango, ngwazi ikudwala, pambuyo pake, amonke amapezeka m'nkhalango, ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi amonke. Mnyamatayo amakhulupirira kuti posachedwa adzafa chifukwa cha matenda, ndipo zidzakhala zachisoni za zomwe zidzaikidwa m'manda okhala kudziko lina ndipo sadzatha kuwona abale.
Kumwalira, Mcsi kudzudzula nkhalambayo, kuti amakhala ndi moyo wolemera mwamtendere ndipo adapita ku nyumba ya amonke pambuyo pake. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu wachikulireyo ali ndi zofooka kale ndipo mbewu, kuya kwa zikhumbo, kotero samamvetsetsa wachichepere, yemwe anali m'totonde motsutsana ndi chifuno chake, mwana wina komanso mwana wake sanawone moyo wake.
Chisoni kuti amonke amayesedwa ku MTSIR, zikuwoneka ngati mnyamata wonyozeka. Nthawi yomweyo, Mnzanga wakale amene anatuluka ndi kuvala, ngwazi imagwira ntchito molemekeza koyenera ndipo amaitana kuti "Atate." Wokalambayo nawonso ndi wa Mbuyr, ndipo amalandira chivomerezo kwa mnyamatayo atagona ndi imfa.
Koposa zonse, ngwazi imayesetsa kupeza ufulu ndi maloto oti abwerere komwe amakhala atakhala mwana. McSyry amafunsa kuti asinthe asanamwalire m'mundamo, kuchokera komwe Caucasus adzaonekera kuchokera kwa mnyamatayo. Biography ya ngwazi siikudziwika - MCILY ikhoza kufa, ndipo nditha kuchira ku matendawa.
Mczyry sanayambitse anthu oyipa, awa ndi munthu wokoma mtima ndi moyo wa ana oyera, koma okhala ndi nyumba ya amonke omwe amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Malingaliro a MCYYYI amatsogozedwa ndi dziko lakwawo, yemwe ndi ngwazi yomwe adasiyira kufuna kwake. Khalani pakati pa amonke, ngwazi imazindikira kuti ndi ukapolo ndipo amakhulupirira kuti si moyo. Ngwazi imakhululuka kudziko lakwawo ndipo ili payokha yomwe ili mu nyumba ya nyumba ya amonke, ngakhale ilipo kupezeka mozungulira amonke.
Mcsury sioyenera kuchepetsedwa moyo. Mnyamatayo ali ndi "wolandilidwa ndi kukaukonda" ndi "wopanda mphamvu komanso wopanda kanthu." Moyo unali kusuntha kwa nthawi yomweyo ngwazi ndi frisky ngwazi. Khansa ya MCSYRI yochokera kwa anthu ndipo amadzimva kuti ali nawo mlendo; Ngwaziyo ikuwoneka kuti iye mwiniyo ndi wofanana ndi chirombo. Mnyamatayo akukumbukira kuti "dziko lodabwitsa la nkhawa komanso kumenyedwa", komwe "anthu anali ngati ziwombankhanga." Kwa zaka zambiri, ngwaziyo sinawonepo achibale ndipo sanawasowetsere, kumva kuti alibe kachilomboka.
Ngwaziyo ikudzipangitsa kukhala ndi ufulu, chifukwa cha kupeza ufulu, amakhala wokonzeka kuwononga moyo. Kumwalira, komabe, sindikufuna konse. Mcyri amadandaula kuti adakhala ochepa kwambiri ndipo sakanakwaniritsa chofuna chake chachinsinsi - kuwona dziko lakwawo ndi banja lake.
Ngakhale kuti ngwazi ya monom idaleredwa, adakhala wolimba mtima yemwe anali wokonzeka kumenya ndi wosoka nyama, osakumana ndi mantha, ndikugonjetsa nkhondoyi. Mcyri adadzakhala wankhondo waulemerero, wokhulupirika komanso womenyera nkhondo, ndiye mutu wa "Lebe, wokhala ndi mabatani osavuta monga zida. Ngwaziyo inali ndi mwayi uliwonse wobisika wakutali, ngati tsoka loipa silinasiye McSher mu nyumba ya amonke.
Lermontov amawonetsa momwe ngwaziriridwira zauzimu. Mnyamatayo amayerekezera ndi masamba amodzi omwe adaponya ndikutsutsa namondwe. Ngwatoyo imasilira nthawi zonse ndi mtundu wa Caucasus, mapiri a ku Caradasus, matalala, oyaka, "ngati diamondi", ndi mawu kuchokera kumwamba. Chikhalidwe cham'mapiri mu ndakatuloyi ndi chitsutso kwa amonke - malo a ngwazi yayikulu. Zachilengedwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ufulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mapiri ozungulira a nyumbayo amadziwika m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo a MTSRY. Chifukwa cha ngwazi, kubisala pamtambo wamakono - mawonekedwe a ufulu, nyumba ya anthu aufulu, ndi Centic Ceni Mcyri Mcyri Macyri amazindikira kuti ndi "Vuto". Kwa amonke, m'malo mwake, chilengedwe chadzala ndi zoopsa. Kutsutsa kumeneku kumalimbitsa mikangano pakati pa MCShury ndi amonke.