Chiphunzitso
Antonin dvorak - Wopeka wa Czech, omwe nyimbo zake zimangotanthauza mtundu wachikondi. Polenga zake, wolemba adaphatikiza zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zosiyanirana ndi nyimbo zadziko. Otsutsa ndi omvera anayamika luso la maestro ndi kukongola kwapadera kwa nyimbo zopangidwa ndi iye. Cholowa cha woyimba chimaphatikizapo Waltza, opera, nthabwala, makonsati, amatchalitchi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
A Antonin Leotold Dvorak adatuluka pa Seputembara 8, 1841 m'mudzi pafupi ndi nyumba yachifumu'nagonera la banja la wobatiza. Malingana ndi mayiko, makolo ake anali a Czech. Banjali limakonda kwambiri miyambo ya dziko lawo. Abambo ake adasunga malo odyera, ntchito yomwe adakwanitsa kuphatikiza ndi ntchito yayikulu. Pakapita nthawi zosangalatsa, ankakonda kusewera a Cirara. Chifukwa chake Antonnin adakumana ndi nyimbo.
Akuluakulu, mnyamatayo adatenga ntchito ya akulu, adathandizira pakukula kwa banja, koma mtima wake udachita chidwi ndi nyimbo. Pa zaka 6, makolo anauza mwana wamwamuna kusukulu. Kuphatikiza pa zilembo ndi kuwerengetsa, adaphunzitsidwa ndi nyimbo za Asam. Mphunzitsi woyamba wa mnyamatayo anakhala Yosefe Spirasz, mtumiki wa mpingo. Antonin adasankha chida choyambirira cha Volin ndipo patatha zaka ziwiri zomwe akanalandira kale ndi alendo odyera a abambo a bambo. Dvorak anasinthanso pa ntchito mu mpingo.
Ali ndi zaka 9, adamaliza maphunziro ake kusukulu ndipo adatumizidwa ku Tolons. Apa anton Antonin anali woti aphunzire kwa wobatizi. Mnyamatayo amakhala pa amalume, omwe adafotokozera Mdzukulu kusukulu ndi kuphunzira ku Germany. Kantor Antonin Lehman anali mphunzitsi wa kalasi. Anaona luso la wachinyamata ndipo anayamba kumupatsa maphunziro a piyano ndi chiwalo.
Mnyamata wina dvorak anaphatikiza ntchito yolimba pamsonkhanowu ndi makalasi olimbikitsa ndipo mu 1856 adalandira chikalata chogwirira ntchito ngati kagawo. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, banja lake lonse linasamukira ku Alanduns, ndipo bambo ake adaganiza zotumiza mwana wake wamwamuna kuti akaphunzire ku Czech Kamenets. Pambuyo pake, Antonin adakhala wophunzira pasukulu yaingwe ku Prague.
Maloto oyamba a mnyamatayo adalumikizidwa ndi ntchito ya wotchuka mu mpingo. Pang'onopang'ono, adadziwana ndi ntchito za opanga kwambiri ndipo adadzimva kuti ndi yekhayekha kuti apange zinthu zofunika. Ataphunzira mgwirizano, kukangana ndikukambirana, kutsutsa, woimbayo adalemekeza luso la masewerawa pa zingwe.
Nyimbo
Atamaliza maphunziro kusukulu, munthu wina atakhala wakunja, koma adatsala ku Prague. Kuyambira 1850, adagwira ntchitoyi ku Karelie Komerak, ndipo pofika mu 1862 adakhala woimba "wankasewerera" wa Shataustive "wanthawi yayitali. Pofika mu 1866, mutu wake unali woweta. Wolembayo adachita ntchito za ferenz masamba, herctoz Berlioz, Richard Wagner, Mikhail Glinka.
Kutembenuza lingaliro la opera, Dvorak kusiyana ndi orchestra. Mtsogoleri wa "mfumu ndi malawi" ameneyo "adachita mu 1874. Opera adayamba kuchita bwino, ndipo, adauziridwa ndi kuchita bwino, Dvorarak idayamba kulemba ndi kulimbikira. Opera "Wanda", "wouma", "Wosate", ndi ntchito zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo "Ndeets a Moravia" adawonekera. Pambuyo pake, chilengedwe chidayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi Brahnes Brahms.
Ngakhale kuti kulenga, nthawi imeneyi biography ya dvoraik sinali yophweka. Ana ake atatu anamwalira, zomwe zimakhudza umunthu. Wolemba adapirira chisoni, chisoni ndi kukhumba, yemwe adadziwa chifukwa cha kutaya. Pokhapokha 1878 kokha adatha kupirira. Mkaziyo adamupatsa iye ndi mwana wamkazi, ndipo chochitika chosangalatsa chidakhazikitsa woimira woimba m'njira yabwino.
Music ofalitsa Fritz Witner adalamula kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi ". Zokolola zake zidadziwika chifukwa chochita chidwi ndi otsutsa. Melomanian adagula zolemba, ndipo kwa ofalitsa adathamangitsa maoda. Antonin adafunidwa. Mu nyuzipepala ya Prague, kutanthauzira kwa nkhani yolamula ya wotsutsa ku Germany, ndipo ambiri a alendo ambiri anasonkhana ku konsati ya dvoraik. Kupambana kunali kugwada.
A Antonina dvorakik adasankhidwa ndi membala wa gulu la Center of Creative Ziwerengero "Clevetskaya," ndipo adalunjika nyimboyi. Chifukwa chake wovotayo adayamba kuchita ngati membala wa Jury pamalo oyimba nyimbo. Kutchuka kwake kwakhala chinthu chovuta. Palibe konsati popanda kukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito zake, koma chifukwa cha zolengedwa za wolemba zomwe adapatsidwa ndalama zambiri.
Mu 1884, adatayitanira ku UK, komwe adalandiridwanso mwachikondi. Paulendowu, Antonin anakumana ndi Peter Tchaikovsky ndipo ku England adapita ku Russia ndi maulendo. Bwalo lidakwiya pano.
Mu 1901, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi opera wotchuka a opera "wotchuka" adachitika, akumbutsidwanso talente yayikulu ya wolemba. Mwa zina zaposachedwa kwambiri za Dvoraik, zomwe zidalembedwa asanamwalire, zida zankhondo "zinali" zida ", zomwe wolemba adamaliza mu 1904.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1873, Antonin dvararak adakwatirana. Wosankhidwa wake anali mwana wake wamkazi Jeweler Anna Chermajava. Moyo wa anthu wamba woyimba Novice anali wokwanira, koma malo okwatirana adafunsidwa. Ana adawonekera mwachangu m'banjamo. Kuti awonetsetse kuti, Dvorak adagwira ntchito ngati fanizo mu Tchalitchi cha St. Loetha.
Ndalamazo zidasowa kwambiri, ndipo wopekoleza adasunga kuwopa maphunziro kwa ziwerengero zosauka. Commission yomwe idasungidwa chifukwa chofunsira pempholo linali brahms. Kuti mutsimikizire zomwe zapanga za DVAK, zimawonetsa oweruza a 3 ndi 4.
Commission idavomereza kuti apindule. Anapatsidwa woimira nyimbo kwa zaka 5. Thandizo la ndalama linali ndi njira nthawi yovuta, pomwe ana ang'onoang'ono akamwalira.
Imfa
Antonin dvarak anamwalira pa Meyi 1, 1904. Choyambitsa imfa chinali chotupa mu ubongo. Manda ake ali ku Prague pa manda a Vijeserad. Komanso mumzinda muli zinthu zakale zoperekedwa m'moyo wa wolemba.Masiku ano, dzina lake limakumbukiridwa ndi maphunziro oimbira nyimbo, koma bambo wina wosaimbira ali mumsewumo amakumbukira za Nobobok, amamva "osafa" osafa. Komabe, zopereka za woyimba mukhomo la nthawi ndi yofunika. Zolemba zake zimayikidwa m'mabuku osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ..
Nyimbo
- 1870 - "Alfred"
- 1871 - "Mfumu ndi Coil"
- 1874 - "" Waukali "
- 1875 - "Wanda"
- 1877 - "Sly Peats"
- 1886 - Ongaria "oyera a Saintmila"
- 1890 - "Zofuna"
- 1900 - "Mermaid"
- 1904 - "