Chiphunzitso
Clifforda Saimaka amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwa oyambitsa nthano zamakono ku United States of America, komanso wolemba nkhani yayikulu kwambiri ku America. Ntchito zoterezi kuchokera ku buku la m'Baibulo lonena za "mphete yozungulira dzuwa", "limakhala chisomo chapamwamba", "mzinda woyamba wa gawo lawo - amalimanso m'badwo woyamba wa osuta.Clifford adalemba mabuku osangalatsa kwa zaka 55, pomwe nkhani 127 nkhani zidafalitsidwa, komanso zithunzi zonenedwa zonse. Ena mwa iwo pambuyo pa kusakanikirana.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Clifford Donald Sinak (molondola ananena dzina lomaliza la SmutsTA) linasindikizidwa pa Ogasiti 3, 1904 ku America yaying'ono ya Millville, ili ku Wisconsin. Pambuyo pake, m'gululi ndi ntchito za wolemba, zochita zakezo zidasamutsidwira antchito ake. Agogo a Clifford aja, dzina lake ndi lotchedwa America kuchokera ku Bohemia, lomwe ndi dera lakale ku Central Europe, yomwe yakhala gawo la Hand Enland, lomwe lakhala gawo la theka la Western Endch Republic mpaka lero.
Mabuku okongola anayamba kusokonezeka kwa mnyamatayo kwa zaka zachinyamata, ndipo anachititsa kuti luso la a Herbert a Herbert a Herbert, lomwe anali Mlengi wa zinthu zosafa ngati "makina", "anthu osawoneka" ndi "wankhondo" ndi "Wamkulu" wadziko ". Ataphunzira sekondale mu sukulu imodzi yakomweko, mnyamatayo adasamukira ku Madison, komwe adayamba kuphunzira utoto ku Yunivesite ya Wisconsin. Komabe, sanateteze dipuloma, chifukwa adaponya maphunziro ake.
Komanso, wolemba mtsogolo amagwira ntchito m'mabuku osiyanasiyana osindikiza mpaka 1939 adasaina mgwirizano ndi imodzi mwazilembo zamizinda ya Mindapoper Star ndi Master. Ndi iye, Clifford adagwirizana ndi zopuma zake zopuma, zomwe zidachitika mu 1976. Kuyambira mu 1949, bambo wina amagwira ntchito yayikulu ya dipatimenti ya New American Nyuzipepala, ndipo kuyambira 1961 anali wogwirizanitsa wa kafukufuku komanso wotchuka wa minneapolis.
Mabuku
Monga wolemba, Clifford Samak woyamba kuchitika mu 1931, nthawi inali ulaliki wa Kalata Yake yonyansa, yotchedwa "dziko lofiyira". Chaka chotsatira, bamboyo anagwiritsa ntchito pa nkhaniyo, monga "mawu opanda pake", "osachita bwino", "alters asteroid", "afcury zestcury".
Mu 1933, Samaki adaganiza zosiya zolemba. Zinali pachifukwa ichi kwa zaka 5 zotsatira, zomwe zidafalidwira tsopano zakhala nkhani yopeka ya sayansi ", yomwe ili ndi chipembedzo, chomwe chimapezeka kawirikawiri m'mabuku asayansi a Etha. Mu ntchitoyi, Clifford adayamba nthumwi zonse za mtundu womwe ndidayesanso bwino kufotokoza kuti thambo lidapangidwa ndi Degirge.
Kubwerera kwathunthu kwa Saimak kuti alembe zojambulachitika mu 1938. Nthawi ino, kuzindikira kunali kuchita zambiri zikomo mogwirizana chifukwa cha mgwirizano ndi Magazi Lacenve Glock Sound Hampbell omwe a John Campbell anali. Nthawi zingapo, ntchito za Azimov, Kattlier, Stargeon, Dey Rey ndi Van Vozhta m'ndende iyi. Clifford limodzi ndi olemba awa adazindikiridwa ndi Mlengi wa zaka zamphamvu zopeka ku America, yemwe adakhala zaka 12, kuyambira 1938 mpaka 1950.
Ntchito zoyambirira za wolemba, zomwe zidamasulidwa m'ma 1939 amasula "malo opanga malo", amafotokozedwa motere kuti azigwirizana ndi mabotolo a "Ord" Science. Suby iyi imadziwika ndi cholinga cha ukadaulo. Zosagwirizana zimatchedwa "zofewa", zomwe zimayang'ana pa zopeka za anthu.
Polemba zonena za kulemba, Clifford adakonda kuchoka pamsewu wopotayo ndikupanga mawonekedwe apadera omwe otsutsa adatchula za m'busayo. Pambuyo pa ntchito zawo pambuyo pake, bambo adanenanso za kulumikizana mwamtendere ndi ufos komanso za anthu omwe alipiriridwe, omwe amakhala m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za chilengedwe chachikulu. Alendo a Siaak adzapumula mu umodzi mwa zigawo za ufulu wake wazomwezo, m'malo mochita nawo ukapolo wa dziko lapansi.
Wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti anthu ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo sanauzidwe kuti anene kuti nzika iliyonse ya chilengedwe ziyenera kuyamba kuphunzira pa "sukulu ya Gractic" ngati "woyamba". M'mabuku a Creography ya Clifford, mudalinso nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito kumadzulo komanso nkhani za nkhondo.
Mu 1952, buku lotchedwa "mzinda" limasindikizidwa koyamba, lomwe linali gawo laling'ono la nkhani zazing'ono. Samani analemba buku m'masiku amenewo pamene anthu anakumana ndi mikangano yayikulu - choyamba dziko lachiwiri, kenako nkhondo ya Korea. Kuphatikiza ndi kumasula "City", Clifford adatsutsana ndi mtundu wa nkhanza kwa anthu ndi zibwana.
Mapeto ake, anthu ambiri akulemba adakumana ndi Utopia, akunena za dziko lapansi lamtsogolo, mmenemo, m'malo mwa anthu mabotolo ndi agalu, okhala ndi malingaliro. Pa ntchitoyi, saamak adalandira mphotho yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ili mu 1953, pambuyo pake kutchuka kwa nthawi yayitali padziko lonse. M'zaka zambiri za ma biograograo, wolembayo adalandira nthawi 3 zotsogola, "Hugo" ndi 1 nthawi - "neule".
Mu Soviet Union of the Taler, kokha ndi mu 1957, pambuyo pa magazini yodziwika bwinoyo "chidziwitso", idamasuliridwa ndikusindikiza imodzi mwa nkhani zake, zomwe zimatchedwa "koyamba pazalemu" kwa nthawi yoyamba pa mercury ". Kuyambira pano, mibadwo ingapo ya achinyamata ndi akuluakulu anayamba kutcha Clifford ndi olemba zopeka zomwe amakonda. Ntchito zake zidasindikizidwa mu mndandanda wotchedwa "Mira Clifford Siak".
Mu 1960s, samuk adapanga zatsopano, ndipo zaka khumi zapitazo zidatsindika polemba zowongolera ndi nkhani, chifukwa thanzi lake lidayamba kuwonongeka mwachangu.
Ngakhale izi, wolemba adapitilizabe kuti apangitse kufikira imfa yake yomwe idamwalira mu 1988. Zaka zopitilira 8 chisanachitike izi, gawo limodzi la ntchito zake zaposachedwa linasindikizidwa - nkhani ya "Grotto Kuvina kwa agonje". Pachifukwa ichi, ntchito ya saamak idaperekedwa kamodzi ndi mphotho yayikulu itatu, yomwe idangokhalapo padziko lapansi chabe zopeka za sayansi: "Conus", "Nuule" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo" ndi "Hugo".
Ntchito yolembedwa ya Cliffordyord sik mtsogolo idakhala kudzoza kwa ogwira ntchito osiyanasiyana aluso. Ntchito zake zingapo zinapulumuka chipululutso monga mafilimu a kutalika ndi mafilimu. Mu 1993, woyang'anira Russia Yuri anachotsa filimuyi yotchedwa "Anomaly", zomwe zinali zomwe zinatengedwa kuchokera ku buku "mnofu aliyense. Aktra Alexander Pulipperpenkoo wokhulupirira kuti akwaniritse gawo la chapakati chotchedwa Hyram.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Ma SIMAN OGWIRITSITSIDWA AMENE MU DZIKO LAPANSI. Mu 2012, magalasi amtundu wa ku Russia akutchedwa FEKOSHIMA, woyamba wa Konstantin Shileev. Popanga zokambirana za kukopera, bambo adauziridwa ndi mafilimu Stanley Kubrick, komanso ntchito zolembedwa za olemba monga Samakbuk, Bradbury, Heinline ndi zitsime.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1929, mkazi wa ku Clifford Samak anali mayi wotchedwa kiyinberg sik. Zitachitika izi, kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene anasaka ana awiri.Ngakhale kuti mabuku a wolemba aku America amakumana ndi zochitika zodabwitsa, moyo wamunthu udali mokwanira mokwanira komanso modekha. Mu imodzi mwazokambirana, Cifordrd adatchulapo kuti, kuphatikiza utolankhani komanso polemba zizolowezi, amakonda kupita kukawedza, komanso kutola masitampu a Chess.
Imfa
Clifford Donald Samak anali moyo wautali komanso wolemera, ndipo anamwalira ali ndi zaka 83 mumzinda wa Minneapolis pa Epulo 25, 1988. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa sizinalengezedwe, koma zitha kuganiziridwa kuti adasonkhezera kufa kwake komwe kunachitika vuto la thanzi lino.
Mawu
"Moyo suli wa omwe sakuganiza kuti" ukalamba ndi umodzi wa zilango zathu, koma nthawi yomweyo, ndi umodzi mwa zinthu zopanda umunthu "sindidalibe kanthu kuti nditsimikizire Zenizeni zenizeni "M'bali
- 1962 - "pafupifupi anthu"
- 1963 - "
- 1966 - "Mukakhala mnyumbamo mumakhala wosungulumwa"
- 1968 - "Goblin Reserve"
- 1973 - "Epilogue"
- 1974 - Chithunzi cha nkhondo ya Marathon "
- 1977 - "Mbale"
- 1978 - "Onani Chinsinsi Chatsopano"
- 1980 - "Kuimba Chabwino"
- 1981 - "Kuluma!"