Chiphunzitso
Masamu a masamu, yemwe adatha nkhondo ya zaka 30 yolimbana ndi matenda a Schizophrenia, abwerera ku ntchito za sayansi ndikupeza mphoto ya Nobel. Chimodzi mwazinthu zolemekezeka komanso zaluso kwambiri, zomwe zida zimachokera pa masewera a kinobtsertler "ndi Oscars.
John Wobletsa Nash ndi munthu wamphamvu wokhala ndi malingaliro odabwitsa. Kafukufuku wake wasayansi pamunda wosiyanitsa geometry ndi masewerawa amayamikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Anathamangitsa ndalama zake ngakhale kuti "kuyankhula kuti" ubale pakati pa luso la kuganiza ndi kuyipa kulipo. " Mwachisoni mwachidule:
"Malingaliro omveka amalepheretsa kugonjera kwa wasayansi wolumikizana ndi malo."Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Malingaliro a masamu ndi odabwitsa m'tauni ya Efefield, mu American State of Western Virginia, m'chilimwe cha 1928 adabadwa. Ndi chizindikiro cha zodiac Twin. John adaleredwa ndikuwuka mu banja la Apulotesitanti, pomwe miyambo yokhazikika komanso miyambo yachipembedzo idalamulira.Wasayansi wamtsogolo wokhala ndi dzina lapadziko lonse lapansi adaphunziridwa pakati, ndipo matha mpaka zaka 14 adasokoneza: kusukulu, nkhaniyi idaphunzitsidwa. Makolo ndi injiniya wamagetsi komanso mphunzitsi wa Chingerezi - adakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa chosowa ndi cholinga cha Mwana. Koma sizinali choncho. Nyengo yokwera nash imawerengedwa ndipo, kutseka m'chipinda chake, kuyesedwa koyesa mankhwala.
Ali ndi zaka 14 m'manja mwa John Delebles Nash, Wazing'ono adagwira ntchito ya Erik Carchain Bella ", kuwerenga komwe kunatsegulira sayansi yolondola ya wachinyamata. Zinatengedweratu kutali ndi masamu masamu omwe aphunzitsi odabwitsa, osavuta kupereka famu yaying'ono. Koma m'masukulu asekondale, mtsogolo Nobel Laureate sanasankhebe ntchitoyo.
Sayansi
Kuti mupeze luso la masamu, mnyamatayo adalandira maphunziro ku yunivesite. Atamaliza sukulu, adalowa mu Carnegie Polytechch Institute, komwe poyamba adalikonza kuti aphunzire zamankhwala. Atazindikira kuti chidwi cha nkhaniyi chasokonekera, cholembedwa pazachuma padziko lonse lapansi. Koma apa sindinakhale kalekale, ndikuonetsetsa kuti masamu anali kunyumba pakati pa sayansi.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaMu 1948, dzulo, wophunzirayo adasiya makoma a Institute ndi magome awiri m'manja mwake - Bachelor ndi mbuye. Koma chidwi chophunzirira china sichinathe: John adapita ku Princeton Prearcy University ku New Jersey. Kalata yovomerezeka yochokera kwa mphunzitsi wa Richard Duffin, yemwe adapita ku yunivesite, anali ndi mawu atatu ".
Nasi sanasangalale aphunzitsi ndi anzanu kusukulu kupita ku kalasi yawo: amakhulupirira kuti kuphunzira kotheratu kumachepetsa chiyambi chakecho. Ku Princeton, mnyamatayo adayamba kumva za Neimiran New komanso njira yosamala masamu, yotchedwa "lingaliro la masewera". Njirayi idakumana ndi malingaliro a Nasi wazaka 20 ndipo adalimbikitsa mbiri yowonjezereka kwa wasayansi. Adalenga chiphunzitso, chomwe pambuyo pake chidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pachuma.
Pa 21, wachinyamata wina wachinyamata wina wachinyamata anapenda malingaliro ake, mphatso zazikulu zomwe zidzatchedwa "NESHA". Patatha zaka 44, ntchitoyi idapangidwa ndikupanga wasayansi Nobel akulimbikitsa chuma. Pambuyo pa zaka 10, a John Nash adapanga fufurolo mu sayansi, polemba 4 pa masewera osakhala osokera.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, ku Masamumu kunali ku US Massachusetts Institute of Technology, pomwe posakhalitsa adalandira ulemu kwa ogwira ntchito ndi kuwunika kwa asayansi. Koma mkati mwa 1950s, Nash adayamba kudwala ndi psyche. Anali ndi anthu aku Engrcent komanso okumana nawo. Mu Consitions, komwe adagwira, zinali zovuta kukhala ndi anzanga. Asayansi wapadera komanso wodzikuza adatsekedwa mwa iye yekha.
Anabwereranso kudera lasayansi ndipo amagwira ntchito zaka 30 pambuyo pake, atangopendekera ndi matenda ake komanso kuthawa kwawo.
Mu 66, mu 1994, American ya ku American idalandira mphotho ya Nobel. Koma sanalole kuyankhula kwachikhalidwe kwa opambana ku University wa Stockholm, akuopa kuti wathanzi lasayansi. M'malo mwake, Nash adaloledwa kwa omvera a Sweden - Toppsilsky, pomwe a John Aled adakambirana pa Cosmology.
Mu 2001, Wokopera wa Nobel adabwerera ku ofesi yake ku Yunivesite ya Princeton, komwe adalotanso za kusakonda kwake.
Mu 2008, "Schizophrehnial Schizophrenic", ngati NESHA yotchedwa maso, adawona ndikumva ku Russia. Pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse, womwe umachitika m'makoma a University of St. Petersburg, adakamba nkhani pa ndalama yabwino komanso ya asymptotic.
Ndipo mu 2015, wasayansi adakhala woyamba padziko lapansi, ndipo Nobel, ndi a Abelian a Abelian anali banki ya nkhumba kuti atengere sayansi. Nasi womaliza adaperekedwa kuti chitukuko cha ziphunzitso zosagwirizana.
Ntchito za masamu zodziwonetsera zikuphunzira padziko lonse lapansi. Mabuku ake ndi ntchito zofunika kwambiri "vuto la malonda" ndi "masewera a pamoyo" - desktop kuti asayansi a Fammatication komanso akatswiri a America, Europe ndi Asia. Kuyambira mu 1970s, John Nash Masewera amadziwika kuti ndi chifukwa cha chuma choyesa. Ndipo zolemba zake ndizabwino.
Kuchokera ku zinthu zasayansi za luso la masamu, awiri anali ofunika kwambiri: malingaliro a masewera, sayansi yazandale, ndi omwe ali ndi magawo omwe, otenga nawo mbali asintha ngati amodzi mwa osintha lingaliro.
Kufufuza Kwachidziwikire Choonadi ndi Kulimbana kwakukulu kwa Nobeber Kuphunzira ndi matendawa adalemba mtolankhani Silvia Nazar. Buku lake linatetezedwa ndi Hollywood woyang'anira Honur, yemwe amatcha kanema "wamalingaliro". Nash mufilimuyo adasewera ruw crow.
Moyo Wanu
Chofunika choyamba cha ubale wokonda ubale, chomwe chinayamba kuchitika unyamata wake, chinali chowawa. Namwino wazaka 30 wa Leoror styra anatenga pakati kuchokera kwa John wazaka 25. Koma Nasi, ataphunzira za kutuluka kwa mwanayo, anakana kumupatsa dzina, nanena kuti mkaziyo sadzadikirira kuti athandizidwe ndi ndalama, kapena kugwidwa ndi mwana.Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaWoyamba kubadwa - Mwana Yohane David David - anatuluka mu 1953. Dzina lomaliza la mayi adapatsa mwana wake - Stry. Mwana wa mnyamatayo anapita pogona, popeza Leonor anali wokakamizidwa kwambiri m'njira.
Bwerezaninso kuyesa kukhazikitsa moyo wabwino kuti muchite bwino. Mu 1957, masamu anakwatirana ndi wophunzira wa sayansi ya salvador Alicia Lard. Patatha zaka ziwiri, mwana wamwamuna adabadwa, yemwe adapatsidwa ndi John Charles Marles. Mwa ana awiriwo yekhayo anapeza dzina lotsiriza la Atate. Mbadwa yachiwiri idapita kumapazi a makolo - asayansi posankha masamu kuchokera ku sayansi yonse.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaKomabe, mwana wosaukitsa wa masamu akhungu sanakhale ndi mwana wachimwemwe. Chifukwa cha matenda owonetseredwa, sanapatsidwe dzina - mkazi amayembekeza kuti abwerere kwa mwamuna wake kuchipatala cha amisala. Wolemba mlandu atathamangitsidwa, akaziwo adatsala ku Europe, kusiya Mwana wam'ng'ono wokhala ndi agogo.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1961, Alicia wotopa adasiyana ndi mwamuna wake, popanda kuvuta komanso chinyengo. Mwana adadzikweza. Tsoka ilo, matenda a abambo adasinthidwa kwa iye. Mu ma 1970, mayi, omwe amazunzidwa chifukwa ndipo adaganiza kuti adapereka mwamuna wodwala, adabwereranso ku John. Zina sizinatherepo.
Matenda ndi Imfa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, matendawa amadziwonetsa poona masanja atembenuzitso 30. Madokotala amapeza matenda okhumudwitsa - paranoid schizophresia. Mkazi amabisidwa kwakanthawi ndi abwenzi komanso mabanja omveka bwino, poyesa kupulumutsa ntchito ya wokwatirana naye, koma matendawo adapita patsogolo, ndipo amayenera kukakamizidwa kuti John a Boston azichita bwino. Mu 1959th Nash, yomwe imatchedwa nyenyezi yokwera masamu, idataya ntchito yake.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaPambuyo masiku 50 akuchizira chithandizo ndikutuluka ku chipatala, okwatirana adachoka mdzikolo. A John Nash anayesera kulandira mawonekedwe a othawiraye andale ku Europe, koma aboma a US akwaniritsa zakunyumba zawo. Ku America, matendawa adadziwonekera okha ndi mphamvu yatsopano. Asayansi adazunzidwa ndi mantha ndi kuwunika, adamuyitana kuti azidziwana ndi anzawo, nthawi yokwiyitsa amalankhula zandale ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ndale ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa ndale ndi manambala.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, kuchitika masamu kunapereka chithandizo chamankhwala, koma panalibe ntchito. Anzake adalipira Nash Magawo a Pash mu wazamisala, ndipo adauza wodwalayo. Kusintha kwakanthawi kunasinthidwa ndi chindapusa pomwe Yohane anasiya kumwa mapiritsi, akuwopa kuvulaza ntchito yamaganizidwe.
Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwambaKusintha kwanzeru kwa anzeru omwe atchulidwa mu 1980s. Wolemba asayansi adakwanitsa kuthana ndi zizindikiro ndikubwerera kuntchito. Pambuyo pake adalemba kuti:
"Ndikuganiza, ngati mukufuna kuthana ndi matenda amisala, tiyenera, palibe amene akuyembekezera, khalani ndi cholinga chachikulu kwa inu. Asminatrists akufuna kukhalabe bizinesi. "Masamu amamwalira kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2015 ali ndi zaka 86. Chifukwa chake chifukwa cha imfa yake ndi mkazi wake Alicia adakhala ngozi yagalimoto, pomwe okwatirana adalowa mu jersey yatsopano. Amayendetsa taxi popanda kuthamangitsa malamba. Kugundana kuthawa mgalimoto. Madokotala anyamuka kuti afa.