Mbiri Yodziwika
Mkango Nikolayyevich Tolstoy - wolemba nzeru, amalimbikitsa kulephera kwa chiwawa. Nkhani "Haji Murat", odzipereka ku munthu yemwe analipo kwambiri, amawunikiratu mfundo imeneyi.Mbiri ya Chilengedwe
Mnyamata wazaka makumi awiri ndi chaka chimodzi mkango Tolstoy adalowa mu Caucasus ndipo adachita nawo zidakwa. Mu diaries yake, zochitika zokhudzana ndi Haji murat zimatchulidwa mobwerezabwereza. Kusilira kwa munthu uyu anali wovuta, kotero wolemba ntchito adasankha Adeji-mutlander ndi prototype ya ngwazi ya ntchitoyo. Lingaliro la nkhaniyi lidachokera mu 1896. Wolemba anali wakhama kuti aziphunzira kafukufuku waku Bizinesiyo komanso mndandanda wankhondo zomwe zidachitika ku Caucasus. Pofika 1897, zojambula zoyambirira za nkhaniyi zidawonekera.
Mu 1898, nkhani ziwiri zinanso zinaonekera. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi zaka zitatu za ntchito zomwe zimafuna kulowerera koptaunts kuti ukhale ndi gawo la mafunso ndi kuphunzira. Podzafika mu 1902, ntchito inali pa gawo lomaliza la ntchitoyi. Koma Tolstoy adaganiza zodziwitsa chithunzi cha Nicholas I, ndipo wolemba adaphunzira zowonjezera. Zotsiriza zomaliza zidapangidwa mu 1904.
Haji murat anali wankhondo wopanda mantha. Nzeru za wolamulira woyimira mtundu uliwonse. Kuukira kwa mtsogoleri wa gulu lankhondo kudadziwika ndi chidaliro komanso chidaliro, komanso kubwerera - mosapita m'mbali. Tolstoy amasilira kuti Haji Murat adakwanitsa kuzungulira lambala la woyang'anira wanzeru - Prince vorontsov ndi Prince Argutinsky-Dolgorokova.
Tanthauzo la dzina la Asilamu likufotokozedwa. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chiarabu kuluka "ndikutanthauza" ndipo Hajj - "Ping'ono". Haji murat adabadwira mu Hunzach. Malingaliro ake andale adasintha kutengera zomwe amakonda.
Anali mlangizi ndi wothandizira wa aku Russia, kenako kwa zaka 15 adatumikira monga woteteza zofuna za Amamu Shamil, yemwe adapanga atsogoleri a Adji ku Adji ku Adji ndi woimira wake. Mu cholinga cha ngwazi chinali mfundo zake ndi zomwe amakonda. Pa 22, mtsogoleri wa anthu okhala ku Hongzakh adakwanitsa kugwira mphamvu ndikusunga kwa zaka 9, ali kumbali ina yadziko lapansi ndi Shamil.
Anachirikiza asitikali aku Russia ndikukhalabe m'bwaloli pambuyo pa chipolopolo cha Hongzakh. Chifukwa chake, mwamuna adakhala wamkulu wa asitikali a avaria okhala ndi a khan Snownan-Ahmeda. Posachedwa chifukwa cha mkangano wake ndi Khakha Khaji-Murat adaimbidwa mlandu wosemphana ndikukhomedwa ndikukhomera m'deralo, komwe adasiyidwa moyang'aniridwa.
Wankhondo adathawa. Pambuyo pake, adakhala "dzanja lamanja" la mdani waposachedwa - Shamil. Onse pamodzi, Asilamu adagwidwa ndi zaka 10 poopa ku Russia, kukonza zowawa ndi maopaleshoni. Koma ubwenzi ndi Hamu unatha chifukwa cha kukonzekera kwa mkulu wa Yehova wolimba mtima.
Pakutha kwa mkanganowu, adadzakhala odala. Wankhondo yemwe anapulumutsidwa anavomeleza nkhondo yamvula yayitali, yomwe anakumana ndi asitikali angapo. Ngakhale adavulala, adapitilizabe kuukira. Haji muratt amaphedwa kudzera mu mutu.
Tale "Haji Murat"
Zomwe zili m'nkhaniyi ikunena za Arbrom avarza, kutsutsidwa ndi asitikali aku Russia ku Caucasus. Atachoka ku Hamamu, anabisala ku cheken, kenako anathawa. Ngwaziyo inasankha kupita ku malonda ndi otsutsa ndipo anayamba kuthandiza a Russia. Analemba mapulani opambana kuposa Imam ndi kumasulidwa kwa banja, yemwe anali wogwidwa ndi Shamil.
Pokhala mwa ukapolo, Haji murat amalandiridwa ndi abwenzi atsopano. Pulogalamu yodutsa vorontsova imalemba mbiri ya Arvar, ndipo owerenga amakhala mboni ku zochitika zofunika za ngwazi. Chifukwa cha utsogoleri wa asirikali Achimesyhev, mgwirizano womwe uli ndi Haji Muratgt atasweka, ndipo amathamangira. Chifukwa cha kuthamangitsidwa, wankhondo wolimba mtima amakhala kuti lidzatopedwa. Amaphedwa, ndipo amabweretsa mutu ku kalonga.
Kulimba mtima kwa Adji-murat kunagonjetsa mapiri okha. Nthawi zonse ankatsutsa akatswiri abwino ankhondo aku Russia, monga omenyera nkhondo anali osankhidwa ndi kulowera. Popanga ntchito, Tolstor adauzidwa ndi kupanda mantha ndikutsimikiza ngwazi yake. Munthu wokonda ufulu ndi wolimba mtima adalimbana ndi moyo wake wonse.
Chifukwa cha banja, adapita ku mapangano osavutikira ndipo adayamba kukhala mkaidi. Wolimba mtima, amene anali ndi zolinga zake, sanafune kukhala ku Russia, atazindikira kuti sapeza mayankho awo pamavuto awo.
Kutchinga
Mkango Tolstoy sanali wojambula yekha, womwe unachita chidwi ndi otsatira a Haji murat. Otsogolera ku USSR, Turkey ndi Italy adapanga malo ojambula malinga ndi buku la wolemba. Kanema woyamba ndi "Mdyerekezi Woyera" - adatuluka mu 1930 ku USSR. Wotsogolera Alexander Volkov adayitanidwa ku gawo lalikulu mufilimu ya Actiror Ivarhin.
Mu 1959, ku Italy Ricardo Freda adachotsa ku Khugi Murat fillery - Mdyerekezi woyera mosemphana ndi Steve Rivza. Mu 1968, ntchito yosadziwika idapangidwa ku Turkey. Udindo waukulu mufilimuyo udachitidwa ndi Günit Arkin. Ndipo mu 1966, Georgy Dialiaty adakhala zochitika zakale zokhudzana ndi Kideji. Rasul Gazatov adalemba chikwangwani cha chithunzicho, koma filimuyo sanaloledwe kuwombera Soviet Security.
Zosangalatsa
- Kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani, Lev NikolayEvich Tolstoy adaphunzira zambiri. Anafuna kuti afotokozere zamunthu ndi mawonekedwe a ngwazi yonga nkhondoyo, komanso amalongosola moyenera zenizeni. Kulemba chojambula choyamba, wolemba waphunzira masamba oposa 5,000 a mbiri ndi zida. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa zomwe adaphunzira kuchokera ku zosungidwa zakale ndi zikalata zovomerezeka.
- Kulimba mtima ndi Kachisi wa Haji Murattutu adagonjetsa munthu wachikondi, ndipo adapita kukakumana ndi wachibale. Mwana wa Anvar Gullah m'makalata omwe adalembedwa ndi wolemba tsatanetsatane wa moyo wa Atate.
- Tolstoy sanayesere kulowera ku Adji mu murat ndipo sanalole nkhaniyo pamoyo wake. Imeneyi inali lingaliro lamagulu la wolemba. Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwake, yomwe idafalitsidwa Buku lotchedwa "Ojambula Posthuous L.N. Tolstoy, "pomwe nkhani idalowa. Anasindikizidwa ku Moscow mu 1912, atapanga zida molingana ndi malamulo ofukula. Ku Berlin, mchaka chomwecho, bukulo lidapangidwa popanda kusintha. Owerenga aku Russia adatha kuwerenga nkhaniyi mokwanira mu 1917.