Tari
Ba'edith Wortton marubucin Amurka wanda ya ji daɗin sanin mafi girma al'umma don nuna kyawawan dabi'u a zahiri. Ta zama mace ta farko da ta sami kyautar Pulitzer don littafin, wanda ke jin daɗin aboki da abokin aikar da Henry James.Yaro da matasa
Tarihin bibiri Edith Wortton ya fara ne a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1862, a lokacin marubucin da ake kira Edith Newbold Jones. Iyayenta George da Lucretia sun kwantar da hankali kan cinikin ƙasa kuma sun jawo hankalin iyalan masu mallakar ƙasa, daga Netherlands sun koma New York.
A farkon wani mataki na rayuwa, yarinyar ta kama sauran abokan adawar da ƙungiyoyi, a sakamakon abin da aka yanke wa kudin Amurka na Amurka. Duk da wannan, Jonesan Jonesan Jones a kai a kai suna tafiya da hutawa, kasashen da ke ziyarta kamar Jamus da Spain.
Edith, tare da tsofaffi 'yan'uwa, ya sami ilimin gida kuma ya ba da yaruka uku a shekaru 10. Ta yi watsi da ka'idodin fashion da kuma cin zarafin mutum, sun ƙi shiga cikin liyafar, Rauti da Bals.
Iyaye sun ba da labari ga whims whims, saboda a farkon 1871 ta sha wahala ciki typhosal. Warkar da ta mu'ujiza, jariri ya yanke shawarar sadaukar da rayuwar zuwa ga ma'aikatar ga jama'a, sabili da haka karanta da dama littattafai na kimiyya.
Ilimi da aka karɓa daga Governess, Edith sunyi la'akari da su sosai kuma an haɗa su da gaza a cikin ilimi, tono a ɗakin karatun mahaifin. A tsawon lokaci, uwa, ta kula da makomar gaba, sanya haramcin a kan litattafan, sannan ya katange damar samun ango.
Jones-babban, akasin haka, yaba da iyawar 'yarsa hari da farin cikin sauraron labaran da ta kirkira da kanta. George ya zama mai sauraro na farko na fassarar marubucin marubucin Jamus da aka buga shi a ƙarƙashin sunan Ralph Waldoon.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1880s, Edith ya ba da izinin nufin mahaifiyar kuma, ya bar kalita rubutu, kamar yadda aka buga shi. A kan Ball Aristocratic a New York, ta sadu da magajin ɗan kasuwa, amma iyayen da ba su son wannan aure ya rage dangantakar.Bayan wani lokaci, Edwaran Robbins Worton, jami'in kuɗi daga dangin kirki ya bayyana a rayuwar marubucin Amurka. A cikin 1885, ya zama ɗan halaye na yarinyar, amma ya auri wani ya kawo farin ciki saboda rashin ƙaunar.
Edith Wortton (tsayawa) tare da ɗan'uwansa, Frederick Raineander Jones da 'yar'uwarsa Kadlader Jones
Babu 'ya'ya daga maza daga cikin' yan matan, don haka Edith kuwa ya binne shi, da kuma wani labari mai suna mai suna Morton Fallerton mai suna Morton Fullerton. Ma'auratan sun kusanci juna a ra'ayoyi a duniya da halaye, don haka bayan sakin malamin tare da Edward Rombons, sun yi tafiya da yawa.
Littattafai
Bayan buga waƙoƙin sanyin fari, worton ya fara ƙirƙirar litattafai, amma aikin farko na wannan nau'in da aka gabatar ga jama'a cikin shekaru 40. Littafin "Kwarin yanke shawara yanke shawara", wanda aka ruwaito game da rayuwar 'yan otisocrats kuma tare da abubuwan da suka faru na almara da ke da wani abu na almara.
A cikin 1905, surori da sassa daga aikin da ake kira "Gidan Kiriyat" a shafukan mujallar mai rubutun. Marubucin ya ba da labarin mai daraja, amma mace mara hankali, a cikin rayuwar wanne, saboda nuna wariyar launin jama'a, da bunkasa da fanko ya yi mulki.
Nasarar Nobo daga masu sukar da masu karatu sun ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma a shekarar 1917 ta saki da dama sabbin ayyuka. Daga cikin su akwai littattafan "'ya'yan itace na itace" da "bazara", jagora "tashi ta Faransa".
Littafin Mahalicci shine littafin labari "thean turanci na rashin laifi", wanda D. Appletono ya gabatar da sigar da aka buga. A gareshi, da ba tsammani ya sami kyautar Pulitzer a cikin Littattafai, ko da yake, a zahiri, ya kasance bayanin makomarta.
Babban ra'ayin aikin shine karo na wani sabon abu da tsofaffi, wanda ya faru a Amurka a lokacin ƙarni na Xix-XX ƙarni. Auki wuri a cikin da'irar Aristocrats shine babban burin haruffa, kuma wannan sun rasa girman kai da ƙauna.
Baya ga rubuce-rubucen zane-zane, jama'a na yanzu a cikin littafi na tarihi: rahotannin tafiya, litattafai don marubutan da tsarin gidaje. An gane ta a matsayin wani fifiko wanda ya dauki nasa mai kirkirar kayan aikin da ya yi har zuwa karshen 1930.
Mutuwa
A farkon bazara na 1937, Edith ya rura a Faransa, yayin da yake aiki a kan zane zane yana fuskantar bugun zuciya ne kuma ya fadi ba tare da ji ba. Ba da daɗewa ba lafiyar marubucin Amurka ya fara haifar da damuwa masu ƙauna, da kuma haifar da mutuwar mutuwa mai dorewa.Wartonton ya binne shi a cikin wani yanayi mai sauki a matsayin Furotin na Furotesta a gaban mahimman dangi da ɗaruruwan mutane masu hadin kai. Kwayoyin da marubucin "rashin laifi cakulan" ya kasance a cikin hanyar hoto da sunayen Crater, da kuma labari da litattafai da litattafan da suka zama tasoshin allo.
Littafi daya
- 1897 - "Moreari na gidaje"
- 1905 - "Gidan Mirta"
- 1911 - Totoum "
- 1912 - "Reef, ko inda farin ciki ya karye"
- 1917 - "lokacin rani"
- 1920 - "Epocin rashin laifi"
- 1922 - "A cikin haskoki na fis"
- 1928 - "yara"
- 1937 - "fatalwowi"
- 1938 - "Pirates"