Tari
Michel Foucault ya zama adadi na al'adun Faransanci ta hanyar shiga jere ɗaya kamar Jacques Derrida, Jean-Paul Suntre, Rolla Bart da sauransu. Aikin kimiyya da al'adu, babban ra'ayoyin na mai binciken ya haifar da ci gaban Falsafa na zamani, ya ba da gudummawa ga ilimin halin dan Adam, zargi na rubutu.Yaro da matasa
An haifi masanin masani ne a ranar 15 ga Oktoba, 1926 a cikin poitiers. Uba, kamar kakanin biyu, sun tsunduma cikin tiyata. A cewar Uba na Uba, mutanen da mutane suka sa sunan Bulus, duk da haka, yaron ba ya son mahaifa, da ake kira da Michel. Bugu da kari a gare shi, dangin Arcin da ƙaramin ɗan'uwan Denis aka haife su a cikin iyali.
A matsayin yaro, foacikal ya yi karatu a cikin Lyceum na Heinrich VI, kuma a cikin 1940 ya koma St. Stanislav Kwaleji. Bayan karba ne a shekarar 1943th Digiri na Malobelor, saurayin ya fara shirye-shiryen shirye don jarrabawar gabatarwar a cikin makarantar al'ada. A cikin matasa, ya zama sha'awar Phosophy, ya gano ayyukan George Gegel, Friedrich Ietzsche, Charles Jung da sauran masu tunani.
A shekara ta 1946, nuna alama a gwajin gabatarwar, Michelle ya zama ɗalibi. A lokacin karatunsa, saurayin ya sadu da ingantacciyar koyarwa a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam, pesmenpepopatholology. A wani bangare na darussan, shugaban Faransa ya ziyarci asibitin mai-tsarki da sauran cibiyoyin warkarwa don rashin lafiya, suna kallon halayen marasa lafiya.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwa na sirri a cikin tarihin rayuwar Falsafa ya cika. Duk da yake har yanzu ɗalibi, saurayi ya fara fahimtar yanayin ɗan kishili. Wannan binciken da ya fara sanya Michels da wuya ya damu, ya ma yi kokarin kashe kansa. Amma na lokaci, ɗan Faransa ya fara jin nutsuwa don lura da nasa sabon abu.A farkon 50s, foucault ya fara yin soyayya da Jean Barrak. Dangantakar tunani da mawaƙa, wanda ya fuskanci da farko a matsayin abokantaka mai sauƙi, ya kasance har zuwa 1955, lokacin da masanin da aka yi wa masanin ya koma Sweden. Kasancewa a cikin rabuwa da ƙauna, Michelle ya aika kowace rana zuwa cikakkiyar sha'awar saƙonni.
Koyaya, a shekara ta 1956, Jean ya aiko da wasiƙar da ya yi karo da shi. A shekarar 1960, masanin masanin ya koma Faransa. Anan wanda ya kawo shi wurin samarin mai suna Daniel. Jin jinin yana da juna kuma an kiyaye shi har sai mutuwar falsafa. A lokaci guda, maza sun kasance magoya bayan bude dangantaka kuma sun fara litattafai a gefe.
Aikin kimiyya
A farkon 50s, masanin kimiyya ya yi magana a matsayin malami a mafi girman makarantar al'ada. Laccoci Michel ya haddasa sha'awar ɗalibai. Daga cikinsu akwai Jacques Derrid, wanda daga baya ya zama wakilin makarantar Dalili na Deconststashen. Daga baya ya lura da fasaha na mai magana. A cikin layi daya, inganta a cikin binciken ilimin halin dan Adam da falsafa, foucault ya fara rubuta aikin kimiyyar kimiyya na farko.
A karo na biyu na kashi 50s, Bafaranan ya sami gayyatar daga Jami'ar Sweden. Bayan ya motsa, wani mutum ya jagoranci azuzuwan a cikin Faransanci da adabi. A nan masanin masanin ya fara rubuta tarihi. Ayyukan koyarwa sun ci gaba da shiga Warsaw, Hamburg, bayan wannan falsafar ta koma Paris.
A cikin 1961, Michel ya kare aikin tarihi na tarihi "Madness da Nerazumia. Tarihin hauka a cikin zamanin Classic. " A cikin rabin na biyu na 60s, bayan da ya zarce bayan kafara zuwa Tunisia, ya fara karantawa a laccoci na hukumomi kan Art da Aesthetics na zanen yamma. Ofayansu shine "zanen Mana" - daga baya aka buga a cikin buga buga.
A farkon ayyukan kimiyya "kalmomi da abubuwa da abubuwa" da "ilmin kimiya na Archekoler ya yi a matsayin tsararru. A cikin waɗannan ayyukan, suna nazarin sabon abin da ya yi amfani da sararin samaniya, sai mutumin ya yi amfani da ƙuduri, shi, yana iyakance Utopia da Uthi-Nightopia.
Koyaya, daga baya ya ki dabarun wannan shugabanci. Na babbar sha'awa ga masana kimiyyar su ne batutuwan asalin asalin iko da aikata laifi. A cikin littafin "kunsa da kuma hukunta: Haihuwar 'yan kurkuku", yana nuna yadda hakikanin kowane zamani ya canza ƙaddamar da al'umma game da kisan.
Daga tsakiyar shekarun 1970 kuma har zuwa 1984, Michel ya kirkiro babban aiki "tarihin tarihin jima'i". Tsarin mai binciken ya kimanta kundin guda shida, amma ya sami nasarar buga kashi uku. Falsafar ya la'akari da matsalolin halayen daga cikin maki daban-daban, nazarin matsayin iko, bukatun mutum na mutum (Tom "Game da wasu ra'ayoyi kan wadannan lamura.
A farkon 80s, Michelle laccoci a cikin kwalejin Faransa, wanda aka sake shi a cikin buga. Daga cikinsu, "Hermenevics na batun", "laccoci a kan nufin sani" da sauransu. A matsayin mutumin da ke da matsayi na siyasa mai aiki, masanin masanin ilimin ya rubuta labarai game da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, musamman aikin "masu ilimi da iko". Marubucin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam ma ma ya sabawa rubuce-rubucen Sarrre, jigogi na mutuncin mutane.
Babu wani zamani tsakanin masu sukar zamani, ko foo lio mai postmodern. Wasu ra'ayoyin da aka tsara a rubuce-rubucen, fahimtarsu da abin mamakin rubutun da marubucin, lambobin kuma suna hangen nesa kusa da mutumin da wakilan gidan waya. Amma a lokaci guda, Falsafer bai ɗaure shi zuwa takamaiman bangarori ba, suna neman sababbin hanyoyin sanin rayuwa.
Mutuwa
Sau ɗaya a shekara da rabi kafin mutuwar Michel ta fara shawo kan jihohin da aka raɗaɗi, zazzabin bushewar ciki ya bayyana. Dangane da nazarin masana kimiyya na, mutumin ya karu lafiya da cutar kanjamau, amma sakamakon binciken bai kawo likita ba. A wannan lokacin, mai kafirta yana kusa da ƙaunataccen. A cewar Daniyel, tun daga ƙarshen 1983, masanin gaskiya, da Allah ya san cewa zai mutu nan da nan.Sauran watanni na mai binciken da aka sadaukar don aiki, ya rubuta ƙarar 4 na "tarihin jima'i". A farkon Yuni, Barcelona ta buga asibitin, inda ake gudanar da hanyar magani. Akwai cigaba na na wucin gadi, amma a ranar 25 ga Yuni, foucault ya shuɗe. Sanadin mutuwa ya lalace ta hanyar cutar. An binne masanin masanin a makabartar Vandeur-Duito, inda kaburburan iyayensa suke.
Faɗa
- "Shugaban ya juya zuwa kwanyar, amma yanzu yanzu."
- "Dakatar da zama mahaukaci - yana nufin cin nasara, yarda don samun rayuwarku, don gano tare da asalin asalin tarihin da aka gabatar muku, dakatar da jin daɗin rashin lafiyar ku."
- "Hanyar daga kawai mutum ga mutum ya ta'allaka ne ta hanyar mahaukaci."
- "Mun san lafiya tare da lokutan Mallarm cewa ba ta bayyana kalmar da ba ta kasance ba."
- "An rage Markisanci ga Dokokin koyarwar don lalata sassauci, budewa."
Littafi daya
- 1961 - "Tarihin hauka a cikin compol epoch"
- 1963 - "Haihuwar asibitoci: Hiwology of likita duba"
- 1966 - "kalmomi da abubuwa"
- 1969 - "Archology na ilimi"
- 1975 - "Rubuta da kuma hukunta"
- 1976 - "Sarki"
- 1984 - "Amfani da nishadi"
- 1984 - "Kula da kanku"