Tari
Tsohuwar ilimin kimiyyar Girka, matala da injiniyan Archimeda sun sanya binciken halittu da yawa, ya sanya kirkire-kirkire kirkiri da ke aiki a matsayin farkon ci gaban ci gaban kimiyya. Legends game da Archaimede aka kirkira a rayuwarsa. Shekaru da yawa, masanin kimiya ya ci a Alexandria, inda ya hadu da kuma motsa lokacinsa da sauran manyan lambobin kimiyya da yawa na lokacinsa.
An san tarihin ilimin Archimedes daga ayyukan Titz, Cickroa, Polybia, Libya, Valruvia da sauran marubutan da suka rayu daga baya. Gane darajar amincin wannan bayanan yana da wahala. An san cewa an haifi Archimedes a cikin Hellenanci na Syracuse, wanda yake kan tsibirin Sicily Tsibiri. Mahaifinsa, mai yiwuwa ne ya zama masanin ilimin kimiyyar lissafi da matacciyar lissafi. Plutarch shima ya tabbatar da cewa masanin kimiyya ya kasance dangi ne na mai kyau da fasaha Syracuse Gieron II.
Wataƙila, Archimedes suna da ƙuruciya a Sirakuse, kuma a matasa shekaru don samun ilimi ya tafi zuwa Alexandria Masar. Da yawa ƙarni, wannan birni ya kasance cibiyar al'adu da ilimin kimiyya na zamanin da tsohuwar duniya. Masanin ilimin ilimin na farko, mai yiwuwa ya karba daga mahaifinsa. Da farko ya rayu shekaru da yawa a Alexandria, Archimeda ya koma Syracuse kuma ya rayu a can har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsa.
Hanyar injiniya
Actorm mai ilimin kimiyya ya samar da tsarin kayan yau da kullun. Ya nuna cikakken ka'idar lever kuma yadda ya kamata ya yi amfani da wannan ka'idar ta cikin aiki, kodayake sabuwar dabara ce aka sani kai tsaye a gabansa. Ciki har da, a kan ilimi a wannan yankin, ya yi wasu hanyoyin wasan kwallon toshe-block a cikin tashar syracuse. Waɗannan na'urorin sun sauƙaƙe tashin tashi tare da matsar da kaya masu nauyi, suna ba ku damar hanzarta da inganta aikin tashar jiragen ruwa. Kuma "Archimedes dunƙule", an yi niyya don zane na ruwa, har yanzu ana amfani dashi a ƙasar Masar.
Babban mahimmancin binciken kimiyya ne na masanin kimiyya a fagen makanikai. Dogaro da hujja na dokar lever, ya fara rubuta aikin "a kan daidaito na falon faloni". Hujja ta dogara ne da axiom cewa daidai jikin ya zama daidai da bukatar. Wannan ƙa'idar gina wani littafi - Archimedes fara da tabbacin dokar ta, kuma lokacin rubuta aiki "akan jikin iyo". Wannan littafin ya fara da bayanin sanannun dokar Archimedes.
Ilmin lissafi da kimiyyar lissafi
Binciken lissafi a fagen lissafi ya kasance ainihin sha'awar masanin kimiyya. A cewar Plutarch, Archimedes sun manta da abinci da kulawa da kansa, lokacin da ya tsaya a bakin ƙofar na gaba a wannan yankin. Babban hanyar binciken lissafi shine matsalolin bincike na lissafi.
Ko da kafin Archimedes, an ƙirƙiri tsari don ƙididdige yankin na da'irar da polygons, dala, mazugi, majami'a, mazugi da kuma prism. Amma kwarewar masanin masanin ya ba shi damar haɓaka dabaru na yau da kullun don lissafin kundin ƙarfi da wuraren. Har zuwa wannan, ya inganta hanyar da ake ci ta hanyar littafin Euddox, kuma ya kawo fasaha don amfani da shi zuwa matakin babban matakin. Archimedes bai zama Mahaliccin ka'idar lissafi ba, amma Aikin sa ya zama tushen wannan ka'idar.
Hakanan yana sanya tushe na calculus daban-daban. Daga ra'ayi na geometric ra'ayi, ya yi nazarin yiwuwar tantance layin tangata zuwa cikin kwana, daga ra'ayi na zahiri - saurin jiki a kowane lokaci. Masanin kimiyya ya bincika wani lebur wanda aka sani da sunan Archimedean karkace. Ya sami hanyar farko da aka samu na farko don nemo taɓawa daga kashin baya, parabole da kuma ellipse. Sai kawai a cikin karni na sha bakwai, masana kimiyya sun iya samun cikakken gane da bayyana duk ra'ayoyin Archimedes wanda ya isa wadancan lokutan da aka adana a rubuce. Masanin masanin ya ki don bayyana abubuwan halitta a cikin littattafan, wanda shine dalilin da yasa kowane irin tsari ya rubuta musu a wannan rana.
Canza ne, masanin ilimin ya yi la'akari da sabuwar dabara don lissafin yanki na saman da kuma girma na kwallon. Idan a baya aka bayyana maganganun na Archimeda da inganta sauran hanyoyin, ko kirkiro da sauri ga tsarin da ake ciki, to, a kan batun ƙuduri na ƙarar, an fara aiwatar da ƙuduri. A gabansa, babu masanin kimiyya da aka shirya tare da wannan aikin. Sabili da haka, ya nemi ya buga dutse a kan dutse na dutse, wanda aka rubuta a cikin silinda.
Dokar Archimedes
Gano masanin kimiyya a fagen kimiyyar lissafi shine sanarwar da aka sani da aikin Archimedes. Ya ƙaddara cewa akan kowane jiki, wanda nutsuwa a cikin ruwa, yana sanya matsin lamba ga tura karfi. An yi ta zuwa sama, kuma cikin girman ruwa mai nauyi ga ruwa, wanda aka sāke sanya jikin a cikin ruwa, ba tare da la'akari da abin da yawa daga wannan ruwa ba.
Akwai wani labari da aka danganta da wannan gano. Wata rana, Geron Ii an yi zargin ga masanin kimiyya, wanda aka yi shakku cewa nauyin kambi ya yi masa daidai da nauyin zinari, wanda aka baiwa halitta shi. Archimeda ya yi nauyi biyu na nauyi iri ɗaya kamar kambi: azurfa da zinari. Bugu da ari, ya dauki juya ya sanya wadannan mitobi a cikin jirgin ruwa mai ruwa da ruwa ya baci tsawon lokacin da matakin ya karu. Sannan masanin kimiya ya saka a cikin kambi kuma ya gano cewa ruwan bai tashi ba lokacin da aka ɗaga ta a lokacin da aka sa shi a kan jirgin. Don haka, an gano cewa Jagora ya bar ɓangaren zinari a wurin kansa.
Akwai labari cewa don yin ganowa a cikin kimiyyar kimiyyar lissafi A yayin yin iyo, da masanin da aka zartar da kafa a cikin ruwa, ya gano cewa a cikin ruwa ta yi nauyi kasa, da kuma tabbatar da fahimta. Irin wannan yanayin yana da wurin zama, duk da haka, da taimakonta, masanin ilimin ya gano dokar Archimedes, amma dokar takamaiman karafal ne.
Ilmin taurari
Archimedes sun zama mai kirkirar duniyar duniya. Lokacin motsa wannan na'urar, lura:
- Wata rana da rana;
- Motsa taurari biyar;
- Theacewar wata da rana a bayan layin sararin sama;
- Matakai da eclips na wata.
Masanin kimiyya ya yi kokarin kirkirar tsari don lissafin nisa zuwa jikin sama. Masu binciken zamani suna ba da shawarar cewa Archimeda yayi la'akari da tsakiyar duniya. Ya yi imani da cewa Venus, Mars da Mercury sun juya a kusa da rana, kuma duk tsarin yana tawaye a duniya.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar masanin ilimin kimiyya tana san da kasa da kimiyyar sa. Andarin da na zamaninta sun hada da yawa game da ilimin lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi da injiniyan. Tarihi ya ce wata rana Sieron na yanke shawarar gabatar da ita wajen gabatar da Tallemyy, Sarkin Masar mai yawa. Jirgin ruwan ya yanke shawarar suna "Syracusa", amma bai shiga ruwa ba ta kowace hanya.
A cikin wannan yanayin, shugaba sake amsawa ga Archhimeda. Daga shinge da yawa, ya gina tsarin, wanda zuriyar mai nauyi ya iya yi da motsi ɗaya. Idan kun yi imani da almara, yayin wannan motsi, yaduwar Archimedes ya ce:
"Ku ba ni wani matsayi na wahala, zan kuwa juya duniya."Mutuwa
A 212 BC, a lokacin yakin na biyu na biyu, Syracuses an adana shi da Romawa. Archimeda mai aiki da hankali amfani da ilimin injiniya don taimakawa mutanen sa su yi nasara. Don haka, ya gina jefa jejin, tare da taimakon da sunayen shahararrun Syracuse suka jefa abokan adawar da manyan duwatsu. Lokacin da Romawa suka ruga zuwa ganuwar birnin, da fatan ba za su fadi a karkashin ruwa ba, da sauran kirkirar Archimedes suna taimakawa wajen jefa su da nuclei.
Masanin kimiyya ya taimaka wa kuturta a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe na ruwa. Cranes da ya inganta ta hannun abokin gaba da aka kama jijiyoyin kan baƙin ƙarfe, dan kadan ya tashe su, sannan ya jefa su baya. Saboda wannan, jiragen ruwa sun juya da rushewa. Na dogon lokaci, waɗannan cranes an dauke wani abu kamar almara, amma a 2005 rukuni na masu bincike sun tabbatar da irin waɗannan na'urori ta hanyar sake tsara bayanan da aka kiyaye.
Godiya ga kokarin Archimedes, kungiyar Nadezhda ta fadi a kan kisan gilla. Daga nan suka yanke shawarar zuwa ga kewaye. A cikin kaka 212 BC, Romawa ne suka ɗauki mulkin mallaka a sakamakon cin nasara. An kashe Archimedes yayin wannan abin da ya faru ya mutu. A cewar sigar daya, jarumin Roman ya ƙone shi, a kan wanda masanin ya kai hari kan gaskiyar cewa ya zo ga zane.
Sauran masu binciken suna jayayya cewa wurin mutuwar Archimedes ya zama dakin gwaje-gwaje. Masanin masanin ilimin kimiyya ya zama mai wahala sosai a bincike, wanda ya ki zuwa nan da nan bi sojan Roma nan da nan, wanda aka umurce shi da ya aiwatar da Archeged. Wannan a cikin fushi ya soke dattijo da takobinsa.
Haka kuma akwai bambance bambancen wannan labarin, duk da haka, suna cewa tsohon dan siyasan Romawa da Warlord Marcelmllo ya kasance mai matukar bakin ciki da mutuwar masanin kimiyya, kuma tare da nasa citizensens, an shirya shi tare da shi, an shirya shi tare da fusher. Shekaru Cicero, wanda ya halarci wani malamai 47 bayan mutuwarsa, ya ga kwallon a kan ta, rubutawa a cikin silinda.
Aiki
- Quadures parabolla
- Game da kwallon da silinda
- Game da
- Game da cancanta da pererioids
- A kan daidaito na falon falon
- Sako ga eratostheene game da hanyar
- A kan gawawwakin
- Kewaya
- PSWMIT.
- Stamakhion.
- Da aikin Archimedes game da bijis
- Yin bijirewa a kan ginin kusa da kwallon a cikin jiki mai cikakken bayani tare da babura goma sha huɗu
- Littafin Lemm
- Littafi a kan gina da'irar da kashi biyu daidai sassa
- Littafin da'irori