Tari
Idan ya zo ga marubutan da halayyar - wadanda suka ga duniya kuma suka dandana da yawa kan kwarewar mutum, da yawanci suna tuna cewa Ernest Hamingway da Henry Raider Haggard. Amma 'yan ambaton marubucin Rasha, malamin da matafiyi Boris Stepanovich Zhitkov, wanda' yan'uwa a Peru Veralovichi ya kira wanda ya harabar Columbus.Yaro da matasa
An haife Boris a ranar 30 ga watan Agusta, 1882. Hakan ya faru a cikin birnin Novgorod. Yaron ya zama ɗa na biyu a cikin iyali - na farkon shine 'yar Vera. Uba Boris - Stean Vasilyevich - malami ne a Cibiyar Malami Novgorod. A cewar littafin Mataki Stean Vasilyevich, ƙarni da yawa na yara nazarin ilmin lissafi, Algeble da Geometry. Tatyana Pavlovna - sanannen Pianist ne, dalibi na mungiyar mawuyacin kungiyar Anton Grigoriein.
Saboda wannan Tushen Yahudawa a bayan Stean Vasilyevich, mutane daga tsarin jihar aka lura. Saboda haka, lokacin da lokacin marubucin na gaba, rikici, Stean Vaslizich, ya yanke shawarar ɗaukar dangi zuwa wani wuri na Allian-Babban Sifan-jijiyoyi. Tafiya a shekara a Rasha, amma babu inda ya zama, manyan mazauna za su ɗauki dangi a Odessa, inda ɗan'uwansa da 'yar'uwansa suka rayu a lokacin.
A Odessda Stepan Vasilyevich ya gamsu da kashin-lissafi don Paragas, kuma Tatyana Pavlovna ya zama mai koyar da keyboard. Farkon samuwar imani da boris samu a gida, kuma bayan sun isa dakin motsa jiki A'a. 5. A wannan ilimi ma'aikata da kuma sani na Zhitkov-Jr. Tare da nan gaba marubuci da fassara Kornie Chukovsky, kazalika da Vladimir Evgenievich Zhabotinsky - nan gaba kafa na Yahudawa Tuli.
A cikin 1901, Boris ya kawo karshen makarantar nan ta shiga Jami'ar NoboShoShoSkyk na Ma'aikatar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Tsakiya. A matsayinka na dalibi a jami'a, kyale su ne farkon wasan a kan violin, amma daga baya sun yanke shawarar musayar shi a daukar hoto (rashin alheri, ba an kiyaye hoto guda na Zhitkov). Kar a manta da mutumin da kuma kan ci gaba na zahiri - tuni a shekara ta uku ta ci kyaututtuka a gasa ta jirgin ruwa.
Tsarin hyparaitive yanayi da yaƙini a cikin yanke hukunci game da Boris zuwa ga gaskiyar cewa yayin juyin juya halin 1905, Mazauna suna taimakawa ƙetare makami don matuƙin jirgin da suka yanke shawarar shirya wani rikici. A cikin 1906, Boris ya karbi difloma na jami'a. Saboda matsayin da ba zai iya canzawa ba a cikin ƙasar, dogo zai iya samun aiki. A sakamakon haka, a kan shawarar aboki ya yanke shawarar zama mai jirgin ruwa. Bayan wasu abubuwa da yawa a cikin teku, mutumin yana ba da jarrabawa a kan Navitator. A cikin rawar Bincike na mai binciken jirgin ruwa na jirgin ruwa mai tafiya yana sa yawon shakatawa a Turkiyya da Bulgaria.
Litattafai
A cikin wallafe-wallafen, boris zhitkov ya zo da wuri mai tsawo. A gefe guda, rayuwarsa mai aukuwa ce mai aukuwa tare da abubuwan da suka faru ya zama tushen mahimman marubucin. Bugu da kari, marubucin ya lashe littafin da aka yi kuma ya rubuta wasikarsa ta gaba, saboda haka yana hannunsa a cikin sana'ar rubutu. A cikin 1909, ya zama shugaban jirgin bincike na bincike wanda ya shiga cikin balaguron bala'i a Yenisi.
Bayan dawowa daga balaguron, boris gabatar da takardu ga St. Petersburg Jami'ar Peteretic na Bitrusiild mai kyau ga sashen jirgin ruwa. A shekara ta 1910, ta zuwa Denark domin wuce masu sana'a tare da baƙin ƙarfe. A shekara ta 1912, ta tafi tafiya ta duniya. A yayin da Armenia, mafi yawancin Boris ya burge ƙasashen Asiya - Indiya, Japan da China. A cikin 1916 ya ƙare jami'a a cikin ƙimar injin jirgin ruwa.
A lokacin saki daga Jami'ar Polytechic na bada damar da aka riga aka yi aiki a cikin jirgin sama mai ruwa. A shekara ta 1916, Boris ya karɓi matsayin Enign a sashin jirgin sama, kuma bayan shekara guda, Jogbook game da Sharalty. A cikin 1917, yana son barin sabis ɗin kuma tafi aiki a cikin sana'a a cikin tashar Odessa, inda ya yi aiki har zuwa 1924. A wannan shekara, kyale ya koma kamfanin petrograd.
A saboda wannan dalilai biyu: na farko, boris ya gaji da zaune a wuri guda - "kacheva" rubutun da aka yanke shawarar da ya ji cewa ya ji da yaje ya dauki kansa cikin gidan bugu. Ofishin edita yaba aikin, kuma ya buga shi a wannan shekarar. Tun 1925, mazauna sun gamsu da malamin zuwa makarantar gida, kuma suna ciyar da duk lokacin sa na kyauta don rubuta aiki. Dangane da kimatun na boris na Boris, sun rubuta wasu maganganu 74, labaru 59 da labarai, litattafai 7 da labarai.
Boris Stepanovich ya zama sananne musamman kamar marubucin yara. Ga yara cewa ya rubuta yawancin ayyukansa - musamman, abubuwan da na yi "abin da ya faru", "Labaran Madefice". Tarin labarun dabbobi, da aka buga a 1935, labaru suna tushen abubuwan da yake game da ziyarar zuwa Indiya, "game da cat mai ban tsoro", "game da giwa", "Game da maciji Kuma mongoose, "Galmiya" da "wolf".
Koyaya, aikin da masu ba da izini ya sanya saman aikinsa shi ne labari "Viktor Vavich", wanda aka sadaukar don abubuwan da suka faru na 1905. Ba a buga aikin saboda an haramta shi ba. An buga sigar ba tare da aka buga takardar ba a 1999, godiya ga 'yar Kornea Chukovsky, Lydia, wanda ya gano rubutun a cikin tarihin mahaifinsa.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa da yawa daga cikin littafin labari "Viktor Vavich" suna da sha'awa. Da yawan waɗanda suke da aikin ya yi, kasance marubuci Boris Pasterak, mai gabatar da talabijin na Avdota Smirnova da kuma Ditthry Bedknov. Viktor Viktor Vavich "na iya daukar matsayi a cikin litattafan Rasha tsakanin" Tikhim Don "da" Dr. Zhivago ". A cikin 1988, lokacin da aka yi bikin tunawa da shekaru hamsin da shekaru hamsin da shekara hamsin tun bayan mutuwar marubucin, taron farko da aka buga.
Rayuwar sirri
Game da rayuwar Zhitkov ya san kaɗan. Wani saladaci na Nomadic bai ba da izinin auren aure na al'ada ba, don haka ƙarshen kwanakin da ya yi aure tare da bangaskiyar Mikhalloodsky na Mikhailodsky da Soviet procrypter.
Babu 'ya'ya daga ma'auratan, amma Boris yana da ɗan dangi - ɗan' yar'uwar ƙanwa. Anyosha da ya zama ingantaccen halayyar halayyar daga tarin "abin da na gani". Koyaya, akwai tabbaci cewa Zhivkov yana da yara da yawa daga wani Felitzat Fedorovna Guseva Gusva - dan Nikolay da 'yar Felikat. Aƙalla, don haka tabbatar da wasu kafofin watsa labarai.
Mutuwa
Komawa a 1937, Boris Stepanovich ya ji ciwo. A kan shawarar wani aboki ya yanke shawarar gwada liyaguwar likitancin, amma kawai ya kara dagula matsayin sa. Littattafai cewa "Encyclopedia don 'yan shekaru hudu", marubucin ya ƙare, ya riga ya bayyana matarsa. Daga baya aka buga wannan littafin a ƙarƙashin sunan "abin da na gani."
Sauran littafina - "Taimako yana zuwa" - sadaukar da kai ga dabarar da take aiki don amfanin 'yan adam, marubucin bai da lokacin gama gama. Duk da haka, daga baya aka buga ta daga baya ana kiranta "Labarun game da fasaha". Boris Stepeanvich ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Agusta, 1938. An binne shi a Moscow, a kan makircin na shida na hurumi na Vagannov.
Dangane da ayyukansa, an cire katako na "Buttons da maza" yadda na cire 'yan majalisar "), me yasa giwayen?" (A cewar labarin "game da giwa"), "in ji fina-finai", labarai na teku "," ranar aure "da kuma" hadari akan Sudche ". An yi amfani da abubuwan da aka yisti na zuhitkov a cikin waƙoƙin Zhitkov "Mail" "(1927) da kuma" wasiƙar soja "(1943), duba" (1984).
Quotes Boris Zhitkov
- "Ba shi yiwuwa a yi wuya a koya: Wajibi ne a koyan zama da farin ciki, rawar jiki da nasara."
- "Wannan shi ne mafi muni fiye da duk - sabbin wando. Kada ku tafi, kuma sanya wando: duba koyaushe, don kada ya bugu ko kuma a can. Suna don wasa - tsoro. Daga gidan da kuke tafiya - suna magana waɗannan! Wata uwa kuma ta yi ta kururuwa a kan dukkan matakalin: "Za mu karye - kar ka tafi gida!" Kunya madaidaiciya. Haka ne, ba kwa buƙatar waɗannan wando na naku! Saboda su, a nan komai ya fito. "
- "Ya tafi garin, ya ce, 'Jikai, da jakuna suna yin ihu mai fushi, ana jefa su, kamar dai wuta a cikin birni ta tattake ta. Duk Helenawa mutane ne masu slurry. Wasu Turkawa suna zaune a cikin inuwa. Wanene hayaki mai hayaki, kuma wa kuma rataye tsotsa - jiran makoma. "
- "Don haka inda kuliyoyi daga garin suka motsa."
Littafi daya
- 1924 - "Tekun Tekun"
- 1925 - "Labarun Tekun"
- 1931 - "dutse mai dutse"
- 1935 - "Labarun dabbobi"
- 1939 - "Abin da na gani"
- 1940 - "Labarun"
- 1941 - "Viktor Vavich"
- 1942 - "Labarun game da fasaha"