Tari
Mikhail Saletkov-Shchedrin sanannen marubuci ne na Rasha, ɗan jaridar, Edita, hukuma. Ayyukansa suna cikin tsarin karatun makarantar wajibi. Talikan labarai na marubucin ba don komai ba, ana kiran su a cikinsu - ba kawai wani yanki ne na ƙaddararSa.Yaro da matasa
Baiwa na littattafan Rasha daga dangin daraja. Mahaifin VASLALEVICH VASLALILILICCHICCHICCHICCHICCHICHOCH CIGABA DA ADDU'A MUTANE DA MALAMI KYAU OLGA Mikhailovna. 'Yar dan kasuwa ta yi aure tun shekaru 15 in bar mijinta a ƙauyen Saminu, wanda ya kasance a lardin tver. A can, 15 ga Janairu, 1826, ƙaramin ƙarami na yaran shida an haife shi akan sabon salon - Mikhail. A cikin duka, akwai 'ya'ya maza guda uku da' ya'ya mata uku a cikin gidan Sirtykovy (silchrin - wani ɓangare na magana a ƙarshe) da 'ya'ya mata uku.
Dangane da kwatancin masu binciken a cikin tarihin rayuwar marubucin, da mahaifiyar, da lokaci kadai yarinya ta nuna a cikin toka, an kama su. An kewaye Little Lisha ta ƙauna, amma wani lokacin wani lokacin ya fadi zuwa wani dan tsoraka. A gida yana kuka koyaushe yana kuka a koyaushe. Kamar yadda Vladimir Orolenky ya rubuta a cikin memortykir na Saltykov-Shedrin-Prikedko, marubucin ya bayyana cewa ya "wannan mummunan mace," yana kaiwa ga uwa.
Saltykov ya san yaren Faransa da na Jamusanci, sun sami ilimin farko na farko, wanda aka ba shi izinin shiga cikin Cibiyar Moscow na Morcow. Daga can, yaron, wanda ya nuna rashin fahimta ne, ya zo cikakkiyar tsaro a cikin gaci tsankoye zuwa jami'a, masu kammala karatun sun sanya matsayi a bisa tebur.
Dukkanin cibiyoyin ilimi sun shahara saboda samar da fitattun al'umman Rasha. A tsakanin kammala karatun digiri - Alexander Canada, Yarima Mikhail Künensky, wilhelm Külhelbecker, Anthelm Kühehhlbecker, Anton Delvig, Ivan Pushchin. Koyaya, sabaninsu, saltyKov daga wani yaro mai ban mamaki ya zama mara hankali, harshen ƙazanta, wanda ya zama zaune a Karzer, yaro, wanda ba ya bayyana abokai na kusa. Abin takaici Mikhail Alamun Mikhail suna sunan mai suna "Dusk Lycum."
A sararin samaniyar a cikin ganuwar da ke cikin Lyceum ya taimaka wa aikin, da Mikhail cikin kwaikwayon magabata sun fara rubuta waƙoƙin abun da ke da wadatar abubuwa. Ba a bar irin wannan hali ba: karatun digiri na Lyceum Mikhail Salttykov ya karbi matsayin sakataren kwaleji, kodayake yana da mai ba da shawara a cikin karatunsa a cikin karatunsa.
A karshen Lyceum, Mikhail za su zauna don yin hidima a ofis na ofishin soja kuma ya ci gaba da shirya. Bugu da kari, da burge da ayyukan masana basrists na Faransa. An nuna jigogi ta hanyar juyin juya halin 'yan juyin juya hali ya nuna a farkon "kasuwanci mai rikicewa" da "rikice-rikice".
Wannan kawai tare da tushen bugawa, wani marubuci bai tsammani ba. Mujallar "Bayanan kula da gida" a lokacin sun kasance a ƙarƙashin ikon siyasa na siyasa, an dauki matakin akidar da gangan.
Ta hanyar yanke shawara game da Hukumar Kula da Kulawa, an aika da Saltykov zuwa hanyar haɗi zuwa Vyatka, zuwa ofishin Gwamna. A cikin hanyar haɗi, ban da aikin hukuma, Mikhail ya yi nazarin tarihin kasar, ya fassara abubuwan da aka sanya litattafan Turai, suka tafi da yawa kuma suna magana da mutane. SaltyKov ya kusan zama mai ba da shawara a lardin, koda ya isa ga mai ba da shawara ga alfarma: a cikin 1855 Alexander II an zaɓi shi a kan kursiyin sarki, kuma game da talakawa kawai zai manta.
Peter Lanskaya ya zo ga ceto, wakilin na noble mai martaba, miji na biyu Natalia Canada. Tare da taimakon ɗan'uwansa, Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida, an mayar da Mikhail zuwa St. Petersburg kuma ya ba da wuri na musamman na wannan sashen.
Litattafai
Mikhailvailvaftavich ana daukar ɗayan mafi kyawun sati na wallafe-wallafen Rasha, da gaske mallaki yare na ESOPOV, litattafai da kuma labarun da ba su rasa talauci ba. Ga tarihi, aikin saltykov-shchedrin shi ne tushen ilimin kyawawan dabi'u da al'adu gama gari a cikin daular karni na 19. Pere na marubucin nasa ne a matsayin "mummunan", "taushi" da "delicacy".
Bayan dawowa daga hanyar da aka mai da shi, da kwarewar sadarwa da jami'an Rasha an sake ta da Nikolai Mabchrin buga wani irin na mazaunan mazauna Rasha. The rubuce-rubucen sun yi wa babbar nasara, sunan marubucin, daga baya rubuta littattafai da yawa, da farko za a danganta su da "essays na kirkirar marubucin zai kira su alama a cikin bunkasuwar sahun wallafen Rasha .
A cikin labaru tare da dumi na musamman, an bayyana ma'aikata masu yawa masu sauƙi. Kirkirar Hotunan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan Manyan
A saman kerawa na Rasha Priceik ana ganin "tarihin birni". Labarin Satyric, cike da alamu da Grotesque, zamani ba a yaba da zaman kai ba da daɗewa. Haka kuma, marubucin da aka fara tuhumar cewa ya yi wa al'umma yana kokarin zargi da laifofin tarihi.
A cikin manyan jarumai, masu rike da birni suna nuna ingantaccen palet ɗin mutane da na jama'a - cinikin, waɗanda ba su da son kai, Frank wawaye. Marauwayi mafi sauƙi suna yin biyayya kamar na makanta, shirye-shiryen kowace irin launin toka, waɗanda ke yin yanke hukunci, kawai suna kan ƙarshen mutuwa.
Irin wannan Farewell da Cowardcewar Matsa Saltykov-Shinchedrin Abin ba'a a cikin "Pisur Repuderome". Aikin, duk da cewa ana magana da shi azaman tatsuniyar tatsuniyar, ba a magana da shi ba yara. Thean falsafancin wanke daga labarin game da kifi, da aka kammala da halayen dan adam, an kammala shi da wanzuwar kansa, ya kasance sakaci kawai.
Wani labarin almara na manya shine "mai linzami mai rai", mai rai da kuma gaisuwa mai cike da haske, wanda aka sauƙaƙe ma'aikaci ya sabawa Darekoran Zinariya.
A rubuce-rubuce na Salykov-Shedrin samu ƙarin alamu lokacin da aka fara aiki a ofishin edita na mujallar Passriotic. Tun daga 1868, Janar Gudanar da Jama'ar Jama'a mallakar mawaƙan mawaƙa da Jama'a Nikolai Nekrasov.
A gayyatar Mikhail na karshe na Mikhafevafavich na Mikhail ta nufi sashin farko da ke aiki a cikin littafin almara da kuma ayyukan fassara. Mafi yawan na essays saltys saltys saltys saltys siltykov
Daga cikin su - "tsari na Monrepopo", a cewar rawanin littafi - neman rayuwar dangi wanda ya zama Mataimakin Gwamna, "littafi game da masu kasada ba a fassara a Rasha, "Pompomura da pompamurhi", "haruffa daga lardin."
A cikin 1880, littafin daban, wanda aka buga littafin epool-mai sihiri "Ubangiji Golovy" - Labari game da iyali, a cikin abin da babban burin shi ne ya zama da nauyi a cikin mahaifiyar, gabaɗaya, dangi Rayuwa ba ta hanyar dokar Allah ba ba ta lura da kai ga lalata kai ba.
Rayuwar sirri
Tare da matarsa Elizabeth, Mikhail Saletkov ya gana cikin hanyar haɗin Vyatka. Yarinyar ta zama 'yar babban shugaban marubucin, mataimakin mulkin gwamna Apollo Petrovich Botin. Jami'in ya yi aiki a fagen ilimi, tattalin arziki, da sassan 'yan sanda. Da farko, bawan da ya kware yana tsoron daskarewa saltykov, amma na lokaci, mutanen suka zama abokai.
A cikin dangin Lisa ya kira Betsy, yarinyar ta kira marubucin, wacce take da girma fiye da shekaru 14, Michel. Koyaya, da sannu aka tura Bolt zuwa Vladimir a cikin sabis, kuma iyalin sun karkashe shi. An hana Saltykov don barin iyakokin lardin Vyatka. Amma, a cewar Legend, ya sau biyu ya fasa haramcin ganin ƙaunataccen.
Aure ne aka yi hamayya da aure tare da Elizabeth Uwar Maryuwa marubuci, Olga Mikhailovna: Ba amarya ce da yawa ba, haka kuma takaici ne da yarinyar ba mai ƙarfi bane. Bambancin shekaru cikin shekaru sun haifar da shakku game da mataimakin gwamnan Vladimir. Mikhail ya amince da jira shekara guda.
Matasa sun yi aure a watan Yuni 1856, mahaifiyar ango a kan bikin aure bai zo ba. Dangantaka a cikin sabon dangi tana da wahala, da ma'aurata sun yi jayayya, bambancin haruffan sun shafi: Mikhail - madaidaiciya, yana tsoron gidansa. Alisabatu, akasin haka, mai laushi da haƙuri, ba a ɗaukar nauyin sanin ilimin kimiyya ba. Saltykov bai so sunadarai da kuma irin bukatun matar sa ba, ya kira akidodin Matar "ba sosai.
A cewar Memoirs na Yarima Vladimir Chladimir Orolensky, Elizabeth Apollovhna ya dauki UnptptIpad, ya yi sharhi waɗanda basu da alaƙa da shari'ar. A waƙar da aka yiwa mace ta yiwa mace ta sanya mai kutse a cikin mummunan tashin hankali da kuma fushin Mikhailvafovich.
Elizabeth ya fi ƙaunar kyakkyawan rayuwarsa kuma ya nemi abun ciki da ya dace. A cikin wannan, miji, wanda ya yi aiki a gaban taken Mataimakin mai mulki, har yanzu yana iya ba da gudummawa, amma a kullum ya kawo wa kansa ikon da ba a sami ikon mallaka ba. Daga ayyukan saltyKov-shzedrin rayuwar marubucin, an san shi cewa ya taka leda a kan Piano, rushe a cikin ruwan ines da ji wani masani a kan vocabulary.
Duk da haka, Alisabatu da Mikhail sun yi rayuwa tare duk rayuwarsa. Matar ta sake rubuta ayyukan mijinta, ya juya ya zama tsaunika, bayan mutuwar marubucin da ya ba da umarnin gado, godiya ga wanda dangin ba su ji buƙata. 'Y' yar Elizeth da ofan Konstantin an haife shi cikin aure. 'Ya'yan ba su nuna wa kansu yadda suka fusata shahararren Uba ba, da masoyansu. Salykov ya rubuta:
"Abin takaici zai zama 'ya'yana, ba mawallafin a cikin zukata ba, babu bakan gizo."Mutuwa
Kiwon Lafiya na marubucin, wanda ya sha wahala daga rheumatism, an lalata shi mai cike da "bayanan gida" a 1884. A cikin hukuncin hadin kai na Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida, Adalci da fadakarwar mutane, fadakarwa da aka amince da su a matsayin mai rarraba ra'ayoyi - membobin kungiyar Edita - Membobin kungiyar ta sirri.
Watan ƙarshe na rayuwar saltyKov-shchedrin da aka yi a gado, baƙi sun nemi canja wurin: "Ni mai aiki ne sosai." Mikhail Fvgrafovich ya mutu a watan Mayu 1889 daga rikice-rikice da ke haifar da sanyi. A cewar wata marubucin, aka binne kusa da kabarin Ivan Turgenev a makabarta Volkovsky na St. Petersburg.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- Zuwa ga salts na Aristocratic, bisa ga irin wannan hanya, Mikhailvafaovich ba ya amfani. A cewar wasu, danginsa shine zuriyar reshen da ba su da tsari na halittar.
- Mikhail Salettykov - Shchedrin ya zo da kalmar "taushi".
- Yara a cikin marubucin da ke marubuci ya bayyana shekaru 17 da haihuwa.
- Akwai sigogin da yawa daga asalin asalin abin da ba a sani ba. Na farko: Shahararren maganganu masu yawa tare da sunan mahaifa na ƙarshe da aka rayu a cikin kaddar saltykov. Na biyu: Shedrin - Sunan dan kasuwa, wanda mahimmin motsi, to batun wanda marubucin ya bincika saboda aikin hukuma. "Faransa" sigar: ɗayan zaɓuɓɓuka don fassarar kalmar "karimci" zuwa Faransanci - Libécal. Yana da wuce haddi masu sassaucin ra'ayi wanda ya fallasa marubuci a cikin ayyukansa.
Littafi daya
- 1857 - "Gubernsy essays"
- 1869 - "Labarin game da yadda mutane biyu janar ke ci gaba"
- 1870 - "tarihin birni guda"
- 1872 - "Diary Diury a St. Petersburg"
- 1879 - "Tsari Monrepo"
- 1880 - "Ubangiji Golovy"
- 1883 - "ongaotud piskar"
- 1884 - "Karas Mai Godiyar"
- 1885 - "Konya"
- 1886 - "kambi na cuku"
- 1889 - "Posakekhonna