Tari
Nikolay Bordyaev shine mafi kyawun bakin ciki wanda falsafar ce ta falsafar Kant da Schopenhauer, abokin hamayyarsu da mai goyon bayan 'yanci da mai goyon bayan' yanci da mai goyon bayan 'yanci. Kasancewa mai addini, ya yi imani cewa kwiyyun kwiyayya da fasikanci suna nuna watsi da halin kirki da lamiri na addini. Tunanin sa ya yi ne da karni na 20 sun dace da cewa ambaliyar daga ayyukan Falsafa ya yi amfani da shugaban na kasar da ke cikin wasiƙa zuwa ga majalisar dokokin Rasha.Yaro da matasa
NIKOLAI an haife shi a watan Marie 1874 kusa da Kiev, a cikin wani Emperor na Generor Paul I. Iyali ne na Aristocratic. Uba Alexander Mikhailovich - Wani zuriyar shugabannin Bakhmetev. The magabatan mahaifiyar Alexandra SerdeyeyeVna, a cikin Kwararrun Kwards - Wakilan tsohon jinta na Mannishk, Pipotsky kuma har ma da Sarkin Faransa Lois VI.
Nikolai da babban dan uwana Sergeey sun karbi ilimin farko na gida, mallakar yaruka da dama. Ba da mamaki kolya nazarin a cikin Vladimir da Kiev Cadet Corps. Bayan haka, a cewar al'adar iyali, ya kamata ya shiga Corps Corps, amma ya zaɓi ya aiwatar da ilimin kansa. A shekarar 1894 Bordyaev ya karbi takardar sheda balaga na Kie-Pichersk Tomdinasium.
A wannan shekarar, Nikolai ya shiga Jami'ar St. Vladimir, zuwa kimiyyar lissafi da ilimin lissafi, bayan shekara daya an tura shi zuwa doka. Amma ba zai yiwu a sami difloma na cibiyoyin ilimi na Bordyaev: don shiga cikin da'awar Marjojin Daliban da Kiev ", an cire shi daga jami'a. Kafin hakan, an kama saurayin sau biyu don shiga cikin zanga-zangar anti-gwamnati.
A shekara ta 1900, an tura Nikolai zuwa lardin Vologda a karkashin kulawar 'yan sanda. A nan, falsafar falsafar ta rubuta littafin "aiki da mutum ɗaya a cikin falsafa". Sanannen mashahuri da tattalin arziki Peter ya wuce, kafin tashi zuwa Jamus, shirya gabatarwar gaba. Berdyaev ya koma kungiyar 'yan siyasa "Kungiyar' Yanci" da Comrades.
Bishiyar Berdyaeva ta nuna lokacin da ya rayu: motsi na juyin juya hali, binciken sababbin alamomi, jefa daga matsananci zuwa matsananci. Nikoolay Alexandrovich ya shaida kuma ɗayan masu kirkirar wannan aikin, wanda ake kira "Renissar Rasha ta farkon karni na ashirin."
Ilmin filosofi
Ra'ayoyin falsafa na Nikolai Bordryaev ya dogara ne da musun ko, a kowane hali, sukar addinin Tacewar da hankali da hankali. Wadannan manufofi, daga ra'ayin sa, suna tabbatar da 'yancin halaye, wato, wanzuwar wanzuwar shine ma'anar mutum.
Hali da daidaikun mutane sune sababbin lamuran. Mai tunani ya yi imani cewa na farko wani rukuni na ruhaniya ne, ɗabi'a, na biyu - na halitta, wani yanki na al'umma. Halin da gaske ba a haɗa shi ba kuma baya amfani da kowane yanayi, kuma ba coci ko ga jihar. 'Yanci ga Berdyaev shine wanda aka bayar, yana da farko daga yanayi da mutum, mai zaman kansa ga allahntaka. Idan ya keta "matsayin allahntaka da kasancewa," mugunta ta bayyana.
A cikin aikin "mutum da injin" suna ɗaukar dabarun a matsayin hanyar mai dain 'yantar da ruhin mutum, amma yana fargabar cewa musanya ƙimar na iya faruwa, kuma mutum zai rasa ruhi da alheri. Kuma sannan tambayar ta taso, kuma menene zai baiwa mutane hana wadannan halaye zuwa ga lahira. Bayan haka, ruharuhi ba tabbatacce ne da Allah, da farko mutum ya shafi duniya da yadda mutum yake nuna wannan duniyar ta kansa.
Akwai cardox. Ci gaban fasaha yana motsa al'adu gaba, Art, yana canza tushe na ɗabi'a. Haka ne, kuma rayuwa tana ci gaba. A gefe guda, bautar da yawa na kayan aikin fasaha yana hana mutane abubuwan sha a cikin ci gaba da al'adun al'adu. Kuma a sake tashi da batun 'yancin sihiri
A farkon Falsafa Surins, Nikolay Alexandrovich yana sha'awar dabarun Karl Marx. Koyaya, daga baya, nuna ci gaban ra'ayoyin kwaminisanci a Rasha, a cikin littafin "kai tsaye ga kwaminisanci na Rasha" kai tsaye lura cewa Markisanci daya a wannan yanayin bai isa ba.
A cikin aikin "ra'ayin Rasha", da falsafa ya yi ƙoƙari ya amsa tambayar menene rai na Rasha. Berdyaev yana amfani da hotuna masu haske da algilanci, daidaituwa da aphoriisms. A asxames, akwai abubuwan da suka faru na zamani firam - daga AVVakum Epopopa zuwa Vladimir Lenin, daga baftismar Rasha zuwa juyin juya halin Oktoba.
A cewar Berdyaev, mutanen Rasha ba su karkace a kan kwantar da hankali na dokar ba, da yawa ma'ana ana saka nauyi fiye da yadda yake cikin tsari. Tunanin "Rashanci" ya ta'allaka ne a cikin "'yancin ƙauna a cikin zurfin fahimta."
Rayuwar sirri
Matar Berdyav, Lydia Yusifovna Dogushv, daga dangin lauyan lauya ne, wani yanki na Kharkov. Yarinyar ta sami ilimi a cikin mai yin jagorar a Switzerland, da kuma bayan haka, tare da 'yar'uwa, ukenam ya tura su wata daya a kan tuhuma, zuwa makarantar sakandare na makarantar zamantakewa.
A lokacin da ya sani game da Berdyaev, Lida ta auri wani gado mai nobleami da mai goyon bayan kungiyar Nemo dimokiradiyya ta Viktor Rappa. Druzevev ya shiga cikin wannan barazana. Bayan wani kama, Ldia da mijinta sun aika daga Kharkov zuwa Kiev, inda a cikin Fabrairu 1904 ta sadu da Nikolai.
A cikin faduwar wannan shekara, Bordyaev ya ba da mace don barin shi a St. Petersburg, kuma tun da haka ma'auratan bai rabu ba. Koyaya, Lida da Nikolai bai yi rayuwa ba kamar mijinta da matar gargajiya, "a cewar 'yan'uwa da' ya'yan farko.
Mafi yawan ma'anar Bordryaev ya kashe a cikin aure na ruhaniya. An rubuta wannan a cikin diases da Lydia Judifovna, tana jaddada cewa darajar su tana cikin rashi kuma "wani abu mai ban sha'awa, a jiki wanda muke bi da shi kuma koyaushe muna kulawa da wannan raini."
Yanayin aiki don ɗaukar sadaka, ya taimaka wa Nicholas a cikin aiki, ya sanya gyaran aikinsa. Ba shi kaɗai Bordyaeva da kerawa - Rubuta waƙoƙi da bayanan kula, amma bai nemi a buga su ba.
A cikin 1922, dangin Bordyaev ya bar kasar. Nikolai Alexandrovich ya aiko, da Lydia, ba shakka, ba zai iya barin Shi kadai ba. Bugu da kari, a shekarar 1917 ta canza bangaskiya - ya wuce Katolika, wahalar Katolika ya fara ne a Rasha. Da farko, Berdyaev, da mahaifiyar da 'yar'uwar Lida ta rayu a Berlin, sannan ta koma Faransa, aboki na aboki lebur sun bar gidan. A cikin Nikolai ya rubuta tarihin "Ilimin kai", wanda aka buga bayan mutuwarsa.
Mutuwa
Fafili da Falsafa na Rasha ya mutu a kan wata ƙasa, a cikin yankin Paris - Clamar, a cikin Maris 1948. Shekaru uku da suka gabata, Lydia Jusifovna ya mutu daga cutar kansa. 'Yar'uwarta Eugene ta taimaka ta gidan. Ta sami Bordyaev a ofishin don teburin rubutu. Har zuwa karshen minti, mai tunani ya yi aiki - tattalin rubutun Littafin "mulkin Ruhu kuma Mulkin Kaisar."
Nikolai Alexandrovich ya yi biris da cocin Orthodox na Rasha a ƙasashen waje. Gaba kan al'ada na al'ada ta riƙe firistoci da yawa. Da kansu sun san Berdyaev kuma sun so su kwashe ta a kan hanyar ƙarshe. A kabarin na falsafa ya shigar kawai da aka saba hade.
Littafi daya
- 1909 - "Mudewa"
- 1913 - "Ducchets na Ruhu" "
- 1915 - "Ruhun Rasha"
- 1918 - "Daga zurfin"
- 1924 - "Sabuwar Shekarar Tsakiya"
- 1931 - "Kiristanci da gwagwarmaya aji"
- 1931 - "Al'adu na addini na Rasha da Authiis na kwaminisanci"
- 1934 - "Ni da kuma abubuwan da ke da alaka da sadarwar falsafa)"
- 1939 - "A kan 'yanci da' yancin mutum. Kwarewar Falsafa
- 1940 - "Ilimin kai"