Tari
Jan Vermeer ne mai zane ne na Netherlands, wanda rayuwarsa, kamar kirkirarsa, ana kewaye da hasashe da zato. Gaskiyar ita ce yayin rayuwar Vermer, da kuma ɗan lokaci bayan mutuwarsa, masters bai haifar da bayyanar sha'awa ba, duk da kodayake sun sayi. Da yawa canvasees sunyi asara. Koyaya, bayan wani lokaci, da hankalin masana tarihi masu tarihi sun jawo hankalin halittun da manta da shi, kuma suna Wang Eyka, Biter Bruegel.Yaro da matasa
Runduna na nuna kai tsaye daga farkon ilimin tarihin Jan Vermeer Depft. Sunan barkwanci na karshe, mai zane ya karbi wurin haihuwar wanda ake zargi da zargin - Birnin Delft. A ina vermoer ya fito ne daga (kuma an haifi mai zane a ranar 31 ga Oktoba 31, 1632), ba a san shi da wasu ba, amma an kiyaye bayanan cewa iyayen yi masa baftisma. Jagora yana ƙaunar wannan birni, ana kiran ɗayan zane-zane - "Nau'in Delfet." A zane, mai zane ya sami nasarar canja wurin kyau da salama na wannan wuri.
Mahaifin maganganun na gaba wanda ya mallaki farfajiyar farko da gidan cin abinci, sannan kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin maigidan yada a kan yadudduka silk. Bugu da kari, wannan mutumin yasan da yawa a cikin ayyukan zane-zane har ma ya ci gaba da wasu daga cikinsu masu kasuwanci da masu tarawa. Wataƙila me yasa yang Vermeer a wani lokaci kuma ya zama sha'awar zanen.
An san cewa a cikin 1653, wani saurayi ya ɗauki ɗan wasa na St. Luka. Koyaya, a ƙarƙashin sharuddan membobinsu a cikin wannan al'umma, kafin ya shiga cikin guild, mai zane ya kamata ya yi nazari a mashahurin mai jagoranci a cikin shekaru shida. Wanda ya zama irin wannan ga Vermer, kuma ba a san shi ba.
Albi-asirin sun bambanta: Fremer "ya makale hannunsa" a ƙarƙashin shugabancin Leonart Brmera, da wani malami na wani saurayi ya shahara sanannen mai zane Gerard. Kasance kamar yadda yake iya, Vermeer ya kasance abokai kusa da masugidan.
Wani zato da ke da dalilai na kyau, sigar ce Karel Fabus ya zama malami da mai ba da shawara Jan Vermeer. Akwai bayani da wannan ɗan wasa ya isa garin Delft kawai a lokacin da ake zargin matasa mai horarwa. Hakanan akan salon vermer (musamman farkon), al'adun Peter de Hoha, wanda aka yi wa aikinsa Janu.
Zane
Lokacin da mahaifin Yana ya mutu, saurayi ya yi ya aikata al'amuran na Dverver, wanda ya zama babbar tushen tallafin iyali. Duk da cewa Vermeer a wancan lokacin ya riga ya riƙe matsayi mai girmama a cikin dabarun St. Luka (kuma a kan gaskiyar ya kai shi), ba ta kawo kudin shiga ba.
A lokaci guda, ana ƙaunar zane-zane na zane-zane ta masana na fasaha da sauri sun sami masu siye. Ba da daɗewa ba, Vermeer ya sami ka'idodi na dindindin: Hendrik Wang Suntent, dukiyar gida, da Yakubu dissius, maigidan bitar.
A cikin tarin wadannan mutanen, a cikin daban-daban bayani, fiye da Ayyukan Artist biyu an tsare su. Duk da haka, ya kasance ba a bayyana ba, ko Vaner ya rubuta a kan batutuwan da aka yi oda, ko kuma kawai aka ba van Battuytin da dyssyus haƙƙin mallakar sabbin halittu.
Abin lura ne cewa Jan Vermer ya shahara sosai saboda ba wai kawai a matsayin mai fasaha mai baiwa bane, har ma a matsayin kwararru da ƙwararren fasahar abubuwa. An bi da su don ganowa ko tabbatar da amincin wasu zane. Koyaya, baiwa ta nata, mai zane ba canja wurin kowa ba - masana tarihi da masana tarihi suna haɗuwa a kan juzu'i cewa ɗalibin da yake magana da shi bai taɓa kasancewa ba.
Kyakkyawan fasalin ayyukan Ayy Vermeer suna cikin rajista a hankali da kuma cikakkun bayanai game da birane. Amma hotunan mutane da ɗan wasa sun fi so kawai akan hotuna kawai, idan adon mutum ya bayyana a cikin yanayin wuri, yawanci yana da matukar mahimmanci.
Ofaya daga cikin misalai masu haske na "na" na ciki "ana ganin zanen ciki shine hoton wannan malamin na marubuta wanda Jagora ya rubuta a cikin 1666. Wannan marigayi aiki ne, wanda Vermera ya yi nasarar canja wurin yanayin wurin aiki na Wizard. An yi imani da cewa hoton na Arter Vermerer ya rubuta daga kansa. Hakanan, wani misalin ingantacciyar yanayin yanayi, zane "yarinya tana karanta wasiƙar a taga" da "Thrush" "ana la'akari da Thrush".
Bugu da kari, Vermeer shine Jagora na abin da ake kira zanen "soyayya". Wannan jin ya zama babban dalilin zane-zane na zane-zane. Abubuwan da ke cikin gida mai sauƙi suna iya isar da zaman lafiya da jituwa na haruffa da saiti. Sau da yawa samfurin da kuma kayan tarihi don Jan Vermeter ya zama ma'aurata, wani misali na wannan shine babban jami'in tsaro da yarinyar laming ".
Kusantar da zane-zane da 'ya'yansu: Mai yiwuwa hoton "yarinyar da' yan 'yan kunne" wani hoto ne na' yar mai artist. Hakanan, aikin mai taken "Hoton wata yarinya" ana ɗaukar wani hoto na 'yar Vermer. Abin lura ne cewa duka hotuna biyu (kuma don na musamman don masana kimiyya na al'ada) Makarantar ya rubuta tare da taimakon mai toka.
Rayuwar sirri
Rayuwar Iyali yana da farin ciki. A cikin malamin 1653rd ya auri yarinya mai suna Catharina. Halin da ake ciki ya rikita ne kawai da rashin amincewa da mahaifiyar amarya ta 'yarsa. Gaskiyar ita ce cewa dangin Catarina sun bi zuwa Katolika, Vermeer ya kasance Furotesta.
Amma ba da daɗewa ba, suna ganin halayen yana Vermeer ga 'yarta, matar ta ba da kuma ta amince da bikin. Koyaya, har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwa, Mariya BNNEILing, mahaifiyar Vermer, bai yarda da zabi na 'yarsa ba, ƙidaya yana da m mutum. Catarina ya gabatar tare da matar yara 15. Abin takaici, sun mutu huɗu a cikin jariri.
Mutuwa
Shekarun da suka gabata na rayuwar rayuwar Yana Vermeer an rufe shi da buƙata. Mawaki, har zuwa wannan lokacin, wanda bai san matsalolin duniya ba, fuskantar buƙatar ɗaukar lamuni, nemi izinin ƙarewa da ƙarshen. Bai yi jinkirin zai shafi yanayin ɗabi'a ba: Maigidan ya fara dasa, lafiyar da aka ba da shawarar da aka ba da shawarar sosai. Hakanan akwai wani sigar cewa an buga mahimmancin rawar da aka buga da kuma saki na Jamin Vermeer tare da matar kirki, amma babu tabbacin waɗannan zato.
Dalilan mutuwar masu zane har yanzu suna jayayya: ingantaccen ganewar asali ko yanayi bai iya ganowa ba. Mai yiwuwa, Jan Vermeer ya bar rayuwa saboda yawan cizon juyayi, a ƙarshe an gurbata lafiyar mai zanen. Hakan ya faru ne a 15 ga Disamba, 1675. Mai zane ya kasance shekara 43 kawai. Vermeer ya kasance a cikin dangi a cikin garin sa na ɗan asalinsa.
Shekaru 20 bayan mutuwar Jan Vermeer, a cikin 1696th, gwanjo ya faru, a wani rukunin malamai 21 ne aka fallasa. Wasu daga cikinsu sun yi asara akan lokaci, kuma yanzu masana kimiyya da masana tarihi suna magana game da zane-zane 16 waɗanda aka sani da zane-zane na Vermen. Wani ganyayyaki 5 har yanzu sun kasance batun abokan gaba kuma ba a san su bisa hukuma ayyukan Jagora.
Fa'idodi, yin kwaikwayon aikin Haserarshe, irin wannan lamarin ya more wannan. Ana kiran shahararren "Imitorator" wanda ake kira Khan Wang Mogerene, wanda ya sami suna akan fakeds.
Aikin Vermer ya gabatar da wahayi da sauran mutane kwarewa. Saboda haka, da yawa takaddun bayanai da kayan fasaha suna da hannu ga zane-zane, 'wasan kwaikwayon "da kuma' yan kunne mai 'yan kunne da Daraktan Peter Webber. A wannan hoto, gaya game da rayuwar Yana Vermeer, Scarlett Johansson, Tom Wilkinson, Murphy Murphy.
Zana wuri
- Game da 1653-1654 - "Diana tare da sahabble"
- Game da 1654-1656 - "Kristi a gidan Marta da Maryamu"
- 1656 - "taƙaita"
- Kusan 1656-1657 - "yarinyar bacci"
- Game da 1657-1659 - "yarinya tana karanta wata wasika ta taga"
- Game da 1657 - "jami'in da dariya"
- Game da 1660 - "Thrush"
- Kimanin 1663-1664 - "Mace rike Sikeli"
- Game da 1665-1667 - "yarinya tare da 'yan kunne lu'u-lu'u"
- 1668 - "Masoyi na"