Tari
Alexander Zinvov - Mai ganowa Soviet, wanda bai dauki kansa da kansa irin wannan falsafa ba, halarci, marubuci da dabaru. Bai san yadda ake tafiya yana ma'amala da lamiri ba, ba ya ɓoye tunanin sa har ma a mafi yawan lokutan da ya rubuta cewa abin da ya yi tunani, ba yin imani da sakamako mai yiwuwa ba.Yaro da matasa
Alexander Zinvov an haife shi a yankin Kostromsa (lardin a baya), a ƙauyen Pakhtoino, 29 ga Oktoba, 1922. Iyalin sun kasance sun sami mutunta su da daraja da abokan ƙauyen: Uba wani maigidan ne kuma yana barin albashi ga Moscow, wanda ya jawo ribar alheri. Iyayen mahaifiyar - sun tabbatar da mutane, suna da dukiya a St. Petersburg.
Iyali ba addini bane - mahaifiyar ba ta yi imani ba, amma gafala da salla da belia ga bangaskiya kuma ya zama mai ƙin yarda. A kan farin ciki na Zinov-Babban, wanda ya ƙaunace shi, yara sun girma ta hanyar fadada - mahaifinsa ya kawo su daga wallafe-kere, mujallu na zamani, suna amfani da kayan haɗi.
Makarantar tana da karfin gwiwa, tana da matukar sha'awar dan kwallon karatu, na kasance ina sha'awar halayyar dan adam da kuma labarin falsafa - daga litattafai zuwa marubutan sabon lokaci. Musamman Alexander ya kasance mai mahimmanci ta hanyar iyoran Kwaminisanci - Karl Marx da Friedrich Exgels.
A cikin matasa Sasha babban dan adam ne: Ya yi imani da wata kyakkyawar makomar, sha'awar gina sabon salo, mai kyau. Don neman adalci, bai san hukumomin ba kuma yana iya ma ya mai da kansa babban shugaba, stalin kansa, wanda ya riga ya riƙe ƙasar a cikin dunkulallen ɓacin rai.
Bayan kammala karatun digiri a 1939, makarantar yarinyar ta shiga chulls, kuma a gare shi lokaci mai wahala ya fara: Uba ya tsaya da abin da ke faruwa da abin da ke faruwa da shi, yana ɗaukar kwaminisanci. Alexander ya fusata ta hannun al'amuran da yawa har ya da tunanin kashe shi, amma abokansa da ke goyon bayan da ke jiran takaici - kasa samun makami.
Bayan haka, a taron Komsomol, Zinvoviv ya nuna cewa tun yana aikin halayyar mutum, wanda aka cire shi daga ilimin halin hauka. A kan aiwatar da tambayoyi, saurayin ya fassara zuwa daya daga cikin gidajen sashen, kuma ya sami damar gudu. A shekarar da ya yi birgima, to, a shekarun 1940 sun tafi sojoji da, suna nufin fasfo na asarar, waɗanda ake kira Zenovyev, wanda ya taimaka don guje wa ganowa.
Tare da isowa yaƙi an aika zuwa makarantar jirgin sama a Ulyanovsk. Saboda karatu, na yi kusan ba shi da lokacin yin - ya halarci cikin yaduwa daga tafiya daga Maris zuwa 1945. Tare da sojojin da ke dauke da makamai a cikin 1946, Alexander da ke safarar uwa da matasa ga Moscow kuma ya koma makaranta a falsafar Jihudin Moscow.
Aikin kimiyya
A cikin 1951, Zinovev ya kammala karatunsa tare da Holors daga Jami'ar Jihar Moscow kuma ta shigar da batun karatun "babban birnin" babban birnin kasar nan gaba. A cikin 1952, Alexander Alexander ya shirya "da'irar da ke lura da ita", wanda ya wanzu zuwa ga mutuwar Stalin; Sannan ra'ayoyin mahalarta sun kasu cikin batutuwan dabaru.
Yunƙurin kare ɗan takarar sau biyu gazawa. A karo na uku, goyon bayan Ministan al'adu ya taimaka, wanda ya sami damar karbar aboki na dogon lokaci Alexander, wanda Zinorov goyon baya a lokacin "gwagwarmaya tare da kafe cosmopolitors".
A cikin 1955, Alexander Alexander ya zama MNs a Cibiyar Falsafa a cikin Sanarwar Jertical Abromical. A wannan karon a cikin USSR ya kasance tsawon ƙirƙirar dabaru ne a matsayin kimiyya, da kuma zinov da sha'awar fara aiki, amma da farko da aka ci gaba da cimma nasara kawai a cikin 1957. A cikin lokacin daga 1960 zuwa 1972, wani mutum ya kawo sau da yawa labaran duka da kuma monographs, ya zama babban mai bincike kuma ya sami digirin digirgir.
Komawa aiki kuma bai tsaya a wurin ba: a Zinovive na farko Kira hanya ta musamman ga falsafa a Mipt, sannan a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow. A shekarar 1966, ya samu taken farfesa, bayan hakan ya zama shugaban kungiyar dabaru a Jami'ar Jihar Mossafar Mossafo.
A shekarun 1970, Alexander Alexandrovich an buga shi cikin Turanci, Yaren mutanen Poland, Italiyanci da Jamusanci. Logic ya ci gaba da kasancewa daya daga cikin manyan wadannan ayyukan - Zinoviev an shiga bunkasa tushen tushe.
Babban akidar hukuma na masanin kimiyyar UsSr ya damu da kadan, kuma ba a dauke shi da ita ba. Wannan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa matsayin Alexander Alexandrovich a cikin yanayin kimiyya ya zama shard. Koyaya, tare da hikimar mai sassaucin ra'ayi, dangantakar kuma ba ta inganta. A sakamakon haka, Zinvov, wanda ya ci gaba da shi a cikin kwamitocin "tambayoyin Falsafa", ya fito daga ciki: abokan aiki sun hana idestcultory inganta Ingantaccen Gasarsa Leonid Brezhnev.
A halin yanzu, shakatawa, wannan tphev nark, ya ƙare, kuma a cikin tarihin rayuwar masanin ya fara aiki mai wahala. A shekarar 1968, Zinvovi ya kori ofishin Ma'aikatar MSU, a shekarar 1973 ba a zabi wani zaben hukumar ilimi ba.
A shekarar 1976, Zinvovie ta cire wa "antipatries" na Zinvatriev, haramtacciyar taken kimiyya, kuma a cikin Cibiyar Falsafar, an hana jihar da kuma a 1977, Jiha da kuma ake hana Adewards. Masanin kimiyya ya tsira daga siyar da littattafan littattafai daga ɗakin karatu na gida da kuma taimaka wa abokai da kyau.
A shekarar 1978, 'yan siyasa sun aika Zinoviev na kasar, kamar yadda mutane da yawa masu rauni na wannan lokacin. Alexander Alexandrovich ya zauna a Munich, amma ya ci gaba da tabbatar da cewa ba wani abu bane. Wannan bai hana hukumomin Soviet ba a 1978 don hana zama dan asalin kimiyya.
Rashin jin dadin gwiwa a cikin akidojin zamantakewa na Soviet, Zinov Duk da haka ana jin tsinkayar da mummunar magana, don la'akari da shi tsari na tsari. La'akari da USSR na Tarihin Rasha, masanin ilimin halittarsa sun ƙi da ra'ayin bala'in.
A cikin 1996, Alexander Alexandrovich har yanzu ya koma zuwa ga asalinsa, duk da cewa ya ci gaba da taimaka masa cewa Amurka ta sanya sabon nau'in tarko a Turai. Ga Putin, masanin masanin ya amsa da gaskiya, amma ba da daɗewa ba, gano sakamakon aikinsa tare da kunkuntar ci gaban tattalin arziƙin ƙasar zuwa "bututu".
Littattafai
Farkon littafin Zinvov na iya zama rubutunsa, duk da haka, an buga shi ne kawai a 2002, kuma kafin su rarraba a ƙasashen waje a Samizdat. Aikin zane-zane na farko, "tatsiyataccen cin amana", game da abokan cin amana, Zinov ya rubuta baya a shekarun 1950s. Koyaya, bayan mummunan binciken bita na masu bita da majalisar Konstantin Simonov, masanin kimiyyar ta lalata rubutun.
Daga 1974 zuwa 1975, Alexander Alexandrovich ya rubuta littafin "launin toka" - osly hights "- oslyy Satira a hakikanin abin da USSR. Tunanin ya zo masa yayin bikin Prague a shekarar 1968. An kafa littafin a asirce, bayan an tura shi zuwa Faransa, inda aka buga a 1976. Daga 1982 zuwa 1990, Zinvov ya rubuta sake zagayowar ayyukan "jaraba".
Littafin farko shine "je zuwa Calvary". Ta yi magana game da ruhaniyar ruhaniya da kuma wanzuwar ta a cikin tsarin USSR. Na biyu samfuri na zagayowar shine "Linjila na Ivan", inda mai tunani ya haifar da ainihin tambayoyin tauhidi da kuma yuwuwar fahimta game da ka'idodi na kirki da ɗabi'a, amma ba tare da adadi na Allah.
Littafin na uku, "Live," Lies, "Liesings da matsalolin rayuwa da farin ciki sosai na rayuwa. Aikin ƙarshe na sake zagayowar, "a zahiri - Sanarwar da ba ta gama ba ta faru a cikin USSR.
Yayin aiwatar da rubuta sake zagayowar, an buga littafin daban - "jirginmu na matasa". A ciki, marubucin Falsafa yana bita da ra'ayinsa a cikin lokacin Stalinist, wanda ya ƙi laifin sa da kuma zuwa ga ra'ayin bukatar wannan adadi na asali.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, yawan litattafan bugawa Alexander Alexandrovich sun faɗi. Koyaya, labarin labari "mutumin duniya", da farko wanda aka buga a shekarar 1996 a Faransa, bayan shekaru 2 ya zama mashawarta a Italiya. Wannan littafin Antiutopia ne na yau da kullun, sukar Yankin Yammacin Turai a cikin Stylist, kusa da fahimtar anti-Nightopia ba orwell, amma Huxley.
A shekara ta 1999, Zinvovie ta zama marubuci zai iya zama dauki kyautar Nobel, amma zargi a Yugoslavia ya hana. Komawa zuwa Rasha, Alexander Alexandrovics ya ci gaba da ayyukan rubutu. A shekara ta 2002, an buga ɗabi'ar ƙarfe biyar na ayyukan da aka tattara, kuma Zinoviev da kansa ya rubuta littafin ƙarshe - "bala'in Rasha".
Rayuwar sirri
Zinvovi ya aure sau uku, yana da yara hudu. Tare da mijin farko, ya hadu yayin yakin, a cikin 1944 wanda aka haifi Valery.
Matar ta biyu, Tamara Fasuleva, 'yar ma'aikacin NKVd, kuma wannan aure don Alexandrovich ya kasance har zuwa lissafin. A shekara ta 1954, Tamara ta haifi 'yar da ake kira da girmanta. Rayuwar da ma'auratan da ma'auratan bai iya yin aiki ba, kuma yaran ba zai iya ajiye wannan auren ba - bukatun daban-daban na mata ya shafa, kuma gaskiyar cewa a wannan lokacin Zinovie ya ga da yawa.
A shekarar 1965, makomar marubucin tare da Olga Markonovna Sorokina, wanda Alexandrovich yayi aure a cikin shekaru 4. Wannan aure, wanda a cikin 'yan matan Polina da Kesea an haife su, ya kasance har zuwa mutuwar marubucin. Olga ya zama aminan abokin Zinvoviev, mai karatu da edita na littattafan sa.
A lokacin da a cikin 2000s, sha'awar Falsafa ya dawo, game da Alexandrovich ya yi fim ɗin an yi fim fim din "Ni ne babban jihar ne". A kan allo, ya ce, ba ta fito ba, amma 2002 Zinvov ya ba tattaunawa ga Alexander Gordon don canja wurin Gordon; Taken magana shi ne "Post-Sovietism" kuma tattauna na akida da Russia daga matsayin wannan lokacin.
Abin sha'awa na marubucin shine fasahar gani. Farawa ya jawo ƙarƙashin Uba, ya dawo kan lokaci zuwa yau da kullun, kuma a lokacin ƙwarewar ayyukan kimiyya, a shekarun 1970, har ma da hotuna hotuna.
Mutuwa
Alexandrovic Zinvandrovic ya mutu a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 2006, kumburin kwakwalwa shine sanadin mutuwa.Dangane da nufin masanin falsafa, an gina jikin, da kuma ƙura ta kori gundumar Chukloma, wurin haihuwarsa ce. An saita abin tunawa a makabartar Novevichy na Zinov da kuma alama ta alama ta zama masanin masanin kimiyya.
Littafi daya
- 1960 - "Matsalar Falsafa na dabaru na Motalued"
- 1972 - Likita hankali "
- 1976 - "Gaping Deights"
- 1978 - "nan gaba"
- 1979 - "A kan Aljanna"
- 1979 - "Dare Storamen Notes"
- 1982 - "Homo sovieticus"
- 1983 - "Fansa na Mataki"
- 1984 - "Bishara ga Ivan. Waƙoƙi"
- 1989 - "live"
- 1990 - "Catcher"
- 1997 - "Manufar duniya"
- 2002 - "hawa daga m zuwa wani takamaiman (akan kayan" babban birnin K. Marx) "
- 2002 - "Masana Rasha"
- 2005 - "dabarun hankali"