Tari
Thomas Akvinsky shine mafi yawan ikon Katolika na addinin Katolika, wanda ya sami damar yin agaji Kiristocin da tunani da dabaru. Tarihin rayuwar dan wasan ya ba da taka tsantsan, amma ya cika da tunani mai hikima, maganganu masu asali (misali, wahayi na tiyoloji "), mu'ujizai. Babban nasarar da Italiyanci na kwarai shine kirkirar shaidu 5 na kasancewar Allah.Ƙaddara
Thomas Aquinas, ko Thomas (Thomas) Aquinat, an haife shi mai yiwuwa ne a watan Yousa 25, 1225 a cikin garin Aquino (yankin Lazio na zamani), a cikin Cibiyar Lazio ta Italiya. Uba Landolffff Aquinas ya yi aiki a matsayin Knight a King Roger Ii, da Theodore, mahaifiyar Neapolitank, ta kawo yara bakwai.
Duk da yake dattijo maza suka kware da al'amuransa, an zabe ni don Thomas hanyar sarkin, dan uwan Landolf, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Abbot a cikin gidan Govetekasino na Benedicstine. A shekara 5, yaron yana cikin gidan ibada na cocin, a cikin 1239 - a Jami'ar Naples. A nan, Thomas Aquinas ya sadu da Aristotle, malamin addinin yahudawa na Yahudawa, da Yammacin Arab Orshropher, wanda ra'ayoyin da suka shafi koyarwar tauhidin bishiyar Italiyanci.
A cikin shekaru 19, dan wasan falsafa ya yanke shawarar shiga cikin umarnin Katolika na 'yan uwan masu wa'azin. Iyalin Foma Aquinas ya sabawa wannan ra'ayin. Don guje wa tsangwama, Theodora a cikin rabo na Sonan, membobin umarnin sun yi ƙoƙarin rufe bakin ciki a Roma, amma a kan yadda suka kama 'yan'uwansu.
Iyaye suna ƙoƙarin sanya ɗanta ya bar ɗabi'ar da suka shiga cikin tsarin ƙirar Monastic, shekaru 2 suna kiyaye shi cikin ɗaurin kurkuku. An ce wata rana 'yan'uwan' yan'uwa sun jagoranci mace ta jama'a a cikin "kurkuku" don halakar da alama ta tagulla. Thomasas ya kare shi daga ci gaban mata.
Nasarar wani saurayi a kan jaraba ya kama a hoton Diego Velasquez "Gwajin ST. Thomas Aquinskyk." A canvase ya nuna a gaji, sanye da sutura ta share wa Thomas Thomas, wanda ya rungume mala'ika. Wani Manzon Allah na baya, kuma saboda kafada akwai mace mai ban mamaki. A kasan, a ƙafafun mai tunani, Chred ne kwance.
Mai gabatar da Falsafar, Falsafa ya rike har mutuwa, rayuwar sirri a yaduwar da akvinsky ya fi son malamai. Bai kasance da matansa da yaransa ba.
Fahimtar cewa ayyukan ba sa kawo sakamako, a cikin 844 Theodore sun gama tserewa daga Napomas, inda Jagora na Offishan, kuma ya shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin kungiyar.
A cikin 1245, saurayin ya shiga Jami'ar Paris, mai jagoranci shine mai ilimin tauhidi mai girma. Saboda kaya da tawali'u, ma mai tsayayyen har ma da Monk, abokan ɗaliban suna tafiya da bijimin Foma aquinas Sicilian bijimin. A mayar da martani ga ba'a albert, babban ya ce da annabci ya yi annabci:
"Kuna kira shi da bijimin shiru, amma ra'ayoyinsa ne sau ɗaya waɗanda aka yi wa murya da ƙarfi cewa duniya ta ban mamaki."Bayan shekara 3 bayan da Thomas ya tafi Cologne, inda ta fayyace dokokin Tsohon Alkawari. A cikin 1252 ya koma wurin Paris don ya sami digiri na biyu na tauhidin. Don da fa'idodin koyarwar bayan shekaru 4, an gabatar da Fhoseloper don ya sake sabunta Jami'ar Paris, a 1268th Thomomas sake dauki wannan matsayin.
Thomas Aquinas bar bugu a cikin tarihi na Roman Katolika: A 1261, Paparoma Urban IV ya umurci da Falsafa a rubuta waka don sabon hutu na jiki da kuma jinin Almasihu. Page Lingia "," Tatum ubgo "da" panis Anderelus "ana yin su a yau.
A cikin 1265, Ikklisiya ta sake bugawa THOMAAS don taimako: Baba Roman Rom, Clement IV ya ba da Italiyanci a Bogoslov.
A cikin 1272, barin gidan Regent na Jami'ar Paris, Thomas Akvinsky ya koma Naples, inda ya yi wa mutane wa'azin ga mutane. Bayan shekara guda, daga baya, mai zurfi ya gama faduwar Allah. Legend ya ce bayan da safe taro a Dominican sufi na Naples, a cikin sarautar St. Nicholas, Thomas ya ji muryar Almasihu:
"Kun bayyana ni da kyau, Thomas. Wane sakamako kuke so don aikinku? "Toma ya amsa:
"Ba komai sai ku, ya Ubangiji."Wata fadakarwa da aka faru a watan Disamba 1273, lokacin da a yayin da a yayin da a cikin wa'azin Foma a cikin Foma a 1273, lokacin da a cikin Faristy ya buge mai farin ciki Ya ki ci gaba da ci gaba da babban aikinta, daga baya ana kiran "tiyolojin tauhidin". Bayan hutawa a cikin bakin ciki, ya farka don rubuta ƙishirwa, amma ba zai yiwu a kammala rubutun ba.
Paparoma Gregory X ya sanar da dunkule na Cathedral na biyu, babban burin wanda shine sulhunta ta Roman Katolika na Roman Katolika da majami'u na Orthodox. An gayyaci taron Aquinas. A kan hanya, hawa kan jakin a kan hanyar Roman Appia, mutumin ya buge kansa game da reshen bishiyar da ya fadi.
An dauki falsafar zuwa Montekassino don magani. Dawo da lafiya, Thomas ta fara ne, amma kuma Zalenogo. An tsare shi a cikin Abbey na Fossanov. Markkuka suka kama shi da yawa kwanaki. Thomas Akvininsky ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Maris, 1274 a tebur - ya yi sharhi kan wakar Sulemanu.
Bayan shekaru 50, 13 ga Yuli, 1323, John Xxii ya sanar da Foma Aquinas na tsarkaka a rana na St. Thomas Aquinsky. Bayan 1969, ranar da aka nuna a ranar 28 ga Janairu. Ragowar falsafa ta akai-akai: A cikin Janairu 1369 - ga Ikilisiyar Sojojin Sojojin Soulbin Saturnina Toulatina Toulonina Toultery, sannan ya koma majami'ar Jami'ar Jakabin, inda har yanzu suna zama.
Falsafa da dabaru
Thomas Aquinas bai taba yarda da kansa ga masana falskanci ba, yana tunanin arna cewa "musun gaskiya da hikimar da Kirista Ru'ya ta Kirista." Ya kuma yi imani cewa cewa falsafa ce falsafa, saboda saukar da Allah shine mafi yawan dalili. Duk da maganganun marasa amfani, Thomas Karanta Aristotle, wanda aka nuna shi a cikin dabarun da ke malanta.
Taya a matsayin tushen matakin na 4 na sanin gaskiyar Aristotle - gwaninta, Art, ilimi da hikima, THomas aquinas ya gano nasa. Ya rubuta cewa hikimar sanin Allah ce, ita ce, a kan dukkan matakai. Mai tunani ya ci gaba da riƙewa irin hikima: alheri, tauhidi (hikimar bangaskiya) da metaphysical (hikimar tunani).
Kamar Atomotle, Thomas ALLIISIII YI dauke rai da wani abu mai zaman kanta, wanda ke cikin mu da sha'awar mutum, abin kirki ne na ayyukan alheri da mugunta. An ba da mutum don haɗawa da Ubangiji bayan mutuwa.
Sabili da haka, mai tunani ya ce, Citizenan asalin ɗan ƙasa yana neman zama na rayuwa ta adalci don haɗawa da Mahalicci a wannan gefen duniya. A cikin wannan Thomas, ya maimaita ra'ayoyin da ke tattare da ra'ayoyin Kirista na Augsellium na Augusine, ko Augustine mai farin ciki.
Mutum zai san duniya ta hanyar tunani, hankali da hankali. Saboda na farko, hukunci da aka yanke shawara an tsara shi, na biyu ya taimaka wajen bincika hotunan farko na al'amuran da suka yi, kuma na uku yana wakiltar hade hade da abubuwan da aka hade da ruhaniya. Gabaɗaya, ilimi shine, gwargwadon Takalas na Aquinas, yana raba mutum daga dabbobi, tsirrai, allahntaka.
Don sanin farkon allahntaka, akwai kuma kayan aikin 3 - hankali, Ru'ya ta Yohanna da zurfafa. Don haka, Thomas Aquinas ya kasance daya daga cikin masana tauhidi na farko da suka fahimci yiwuwar fahimtar fadada fadakarwa ta hanyar m hanya. Haka kuma: A cikin babban aiki "Adadin tiyoloji", mai tunani ya jagoranci shaidar kasancewar Allah.
- Fara motsawa. Motsi na duk abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi a duniya da ya taɓa tsokanar da motsi na sauran abubuwa, da kuma waɗancan abubuwa na uku. Koyaya, Allah ya zama tushen mahimmancin motsi.
- Na biyu - samar da karfi. Tabbacin ya yi kama da wanda ya gabata kuma ya nuna cewa tushen dalilin yadda aka taɓa yin komai a cikin duniya Allah ne.
- Na uku ne bukata. Kowane abu yana nufin damar da amfani na ainihi, amma duk abu ba zai iya zama cikin ƙarfin iko ba. Ana buƙatar dalilin inganta fassarar abubuwa daga yuwuwar yanayin da abu ya zama dole. Wannan fa'idar Allah ne.
- Na huɗu shine digiri na kasancewa. Mutane suna kwatanta abubuwa da abin mamaki da cikakken abu. Wannan cikakke ne kuma akwai Allah.
- Na biyar - Dalilin manufa. Ayyukan halittu masu rai yakamata su dace, wanda ke nufin cewa ana buƙatar dalilin, yana neman manufa don duk abin da yake cikin duniya. Kuma wannan ab Allahli ne Allah.
Baya ga addini, Thomas Akvinsky yayi daidai da jihar. Hanyar mafi kyau na na'urar siyasa, falsafa sun dauke Mulkin Mulkin. Sarki kwatancen ne na Allah a duniya, wanda ya wajabta yin la'akari da bukatun mutane da bukatun duk yadudduka na al'umma, ba tare da bayar da fifiko ga mutum karuwa. A lokaci guda, wanda aka wajabta biyayya ga malamai, wato, ɗaukakar Allah.
Thomas ya fara amfani da layi tsakanin mahimmancin rayuwa da rayuwa. Bayan haka, wannan rabuwa ta haifar da tushen Katolika. Asalin na Thomas Aquinskykyked da ake kira "Tsarkin ra'ayi", wato, asalin abin da ya shafi al'amura ko abubuwa, gwargwado na halaye. Gaskiyar gano abubuwa ko mamaki a duniya tana da tabbacin kasancewar ta. Don tabbatar da cewa abu daya ya wanzu, yardar Allah wajibi ne.
A kan ra'ayoyin masu tunani da kuma magani na addini, da "yawan tauhidin ya koyar" an gina shi da koyarwa, wanda ake kira Tomis, ko Fomism. Ya ce ba da yawa game da 'yarancin bangaskiya, nawa game da hanyoyin karbar bangaskiya ta hanyar dalili. Koyaya, mafi girman ƙididdigar Fam a cikin Foma ta kwashe shi shine tallafi na shi a matsayin akidar hukuma ta Katolika.
Faɗa
Bari tunanin ya kammala a cikin littattafan, zai zama babban birninku, kuma tunanin da kuke da shi mafi, kashi na musamman don amfana daga gare su, domin bai yi nasara ba, kuma ba Domin ya burge su, domin ya mallaki rayuwa mai kyau, a zahiri don haifar da kyawawan ayyuka ga abokai. A sau da yawa suna buƙatar masu hikima a cikin shugabanni a sarakuna. Sau da yawa na tuba daga abin da na faɗi, amma da wuya baƙin ciki game da abin da ya yi shiru.Aikace-aikace
- 1245-1246 - Taro akan wasu sanannun masu fasaha "
- 1255 - "A kan ka'idodin yanayi"
- 1256-1259 - Tambayoyi Masu Taimakawa game da Gaskiya "
- 1259-1268 - Tambayoyi masu rikice-rikice game da ƙarfin Allah "
- 1261-1263 - "Adadin arna" ("Adadin falsafar")
- 1265-1274 - Adadin ilimin tauhidi "
- 1267 - "Tambayoyi masu rikitarwa game da ruhu"