Tari
Willets Collins - Marubucin Turanci, wanda aikinsa bai yarda da shi a ƙarƙashin ƙirar Mark Twain da Charles Dickens. Ayyukansa sun bambanta da mãkirci mai ban sha'awa, da mãkirci mai kayatarwa, da harshe mai tsinkaye, da kuma wani ilmi "sahunsa zaiyi yin ado da ɗalibin kowane littafi.
Tarihin William Wilki Collins ya karu a ranar 8 ga Janairu, 1824 a London, a cikin dangin Tantance na Maryon, a cikin dangin ArtSon Cibiyar Arts William Colizz. Sunan yaron ya gāji daga mahaifinsa, kuma matsakaicin suna wanda daga baya ya sami labarin gaba daya, ya samu daga wurin Allah - mai fasaha-Zhanta David Willow David Willow David Willow David Willow Dauda ya samu.
Shekaru 4 bayan haihuwar dan wasan, wani yaro ya bayyana a cikin dangi - Charles Alstton Collins. Daga baya ya shiga cikin zambiyar mahaifinsa, kuma ya zama mai zanen, mai zanen magana, mai gabatar da wani fafutuka ne, kudirin kirki, manufar wacce take gwagwarmaya da babban taron cutar Viction.
Sanin farko na Willow da Charles sun isa gida. Colrins Collins ya kasance mai matukar addini ne, saboda haka harin ya kafa 'ya'ya maza don su halarci cocin, karanta addu'o'in kafin lokacin kwanciya da kuma lura da lokacin kwanciya da kuma lura da kwalin kwanciya. Wannan bangaren rayuwa ba dandana marubucin ba, amma cikin balaga ya ba da Kiristanci tare da farauta da himma
A cikin 1835, Wilki ya shiga cikin Mafasai Vale Makarantar Academy, amma ya yi karatu na dogon lokaci: Daga 1836 zuwa 1838, dangi sun rayu a Italiya, sannan a Faransa. Kasashen waje, yara da sauri suka kware Italiyanci da Faransanci. Daga baya maganar ta ba da wilki cikin sauƙi, daga baya ya murbi shi.
Komawa ga mahaifiyar mahaifiyar, iyayen sun aiko da yaron zuwa makarantar aljihun mai ba da izini na bayyana a cikin Hyber, a arewacin London. Wilki bai so koyo ba, amma musamman maƙwabta a cikin ɗakin, wanda aka jingina a tsakiyar dare ya tilasta wa ba da labarin don mafi kyawun bacci.
"Yaro ne mai girman kai wanda ya yi min tafiya kowace rana, hadayar sa mara kyau. Amma idan ba a gare shi ba ne, ba zan taɓa faɗuwa ba ... Lokacin da na bar makarantar, na ci gaba da ba da labarin, amma na sami labarin abin da ya bayyana a cikin wankin collins.A karshen shekarar 1840, mutumin ya kammala karatun digiri da kuma sadaukar da Uban da aka samu akan Antobus & Co. shayi shayi. Gidan mai mulki bai kama kiran ba, amma ya yi aiki a kan gona har tsawon shekaru 5.
Littattafai
Lokaci guda tare da aikin a masana'antar, Wilki ya kirkiri aikin farko - kocin da ya gabata ", wanda a shekarar 1843 aka buga a cikin mujallar" haskaka ". A wannan shekarar, Ingilishi ya rubuta littafin Fata "Iolai, ko Tahiti, kamar yadda yake," ya miƙa masa gidan buga "Soleman & Hall", amma a shekara ta 1845 ya sami ƙima. Ba a buga littafin a lokacin marubucin marubucin ba: fitowar farko ta bayyana ne kawai a cikin 1999.
Tallafin da Willow ya zama marubuci ya tilasta wa bege William Collins akan gaskiyar cewa Sonan zai gaji sana'arsa kuma zai ga mai fasaha. Koyaya, Uba bai kasance tare da zaɓin nan gaba ba ga magaji: ya sanya hanyar Wilki ta hanyar malamai zuwa ga mai girmama al'umma zuwa 1846.
Collins Jr. ya nuna wata fa'ida a cikin dokar kuma yawancin lokaci na aiki a kan littafin labari "Antonina, ko faɗuwar Rome". Bayan mutuwar Uba a shekarar 1847, Wilki ta buga aikin farko na farko - "Tunawa da rayuwar William Collins, esquire, memba na makarantar sakandare na Arts." Wannan labari wanda ya hana sunan zanen Ingilishi.
Ci gaba da bayar da kyautar Uban, a cikin 1849, Willo Collins ya jarrabawar kansa a matsayin mai zane-zane kuma an gabatar da hoto a lokacin bazara na makarantar sakandare na Royal.
A cikin Fabrairu 1850, Roman "Antonina" ya fito. Wannan aikin yana koda yake yana da mahimmanci a cikin aikin collins, amma yana haifar da ƙarancin sha'awa fiye da "yana tafiya daga jirgin ƙasa" (1851). Bayanan bayanai masu launuka, suna da kyau da yanayin Ingilishi, an rubuta yayin County County a watan Yuli-Agusta 1850. Marubucin kamfanin shi ne mai zane-zane-shimfidar ƙasa.
A cikin shekaru, Wilki Collins ya kammala karatun shari'a kuma ya zama mai shafewa, wannan memba ne na kamfanonin Lawners. Kodayake marubucin bai taɓa yin daidai ba, ilimin da ya samu yayin horon ilimi wanda ya yi amfani da shi wajen ba da labarin dogaro. A cikin 1851, Artist na Burtaniya Autisolte kwai ya gabatar da kwai ya gabatar da Charles Dickens, kuma wannan taron ya zama swivel a cikin aikin novice.
Maza sun zama abokai mai ban sha'awa da abokan aiki. A watan May na wannan shekara, tare da wasa a cikin wasan "ba mai kyau ba, kamar yadda ga alama" Edton Bullov-Litton, wanda ya zama Sarauniya Sarauniya Victoria da Prince Albert. Ayyukan Collins "m baƙon abu mai ban mamaki" (1852), "Rober Life" (1856), "asirin mutu a cikin Jaridar Dickens".
A cikin 1853, Wilki ya sake da littafin littafin "Basil" game da matasa aristocrat, wanda ke keta ɗayan wakilan manyan aji, 'yar riƙon da' ya fada. Idan basil ta baiwa jaririn sa ya hada kansa da wanda bai cancanta ba, mahaifinsa zai rabu da ikon zuwa gado. Tabbas, wani saurayi yana yin zabi a cikin ni'imar ƙauna kuma ya zama dole a jawo su cikin labarin duhu.
A cikin allo na 1998, fim da Daraktan India Radidvja, babban rawar da Jole ya yi ya zama babban masara, kuma aboki wanda ya gabatar da Basil da yarinyar cin abinci, ta taka rawar da Kirista.
Don ayyuka da yawa, finafinan fim ɗin, kuma mafi mashahuri shine "mace da fari" - wani sabon labari ne, rubuce a 1859. Ya gaya game da matasa mai zane Walter Hartrain, wanda ya dawo da shi ta hanyar engratrat Frederica Fairley. Esquins suna da dan edhew na Laura, kuma tana son biyu saukad da wata mace mai farin ciki a cikin fararen fata - wanda Walter ya hadu da hanyar zuwa Estate. Wannan halin yana tsoratar da saurayi kuma yana jan hankalin a lokaci guda.
Mai lura da mujallar ta sanya "mace da fari" a cikin matsayi na 23 a saman 100 mafi kyawun litattafai na kowane lokaci, da kuma masu jagoranci, da kuma Soviet, suka fara samun Soviet. Na farko-serial fim Vadim derbnev ya fara farko a 1981, a 1982 da 1992 da 1997, Ingila Fim na Bruce Bruce da Tim Faybell ya gabatar da hangen nesan sa. Tun daga shekarar 2018, an cire karamin jerin dangane da labari.
Ayyukan da aka buga a cikin 1860s sune mafi kyau a cikin aikin marubucin: "Ba a ba da sunan ba" (1862), "Armadeil" (1866), "Lunar Dutse" (1866). Tare da "mace cikin fararen", waɗannan littattafan 4 da suka bayar da lalata da alkalami na alƙalami, waɗanda aka ba da izinin haɓaka tattalin arziƙi.
A cikin 1870, abubuwan biyu masu mahimmanci sun faru a cikin rayuwar collins: littafin littafin "mata da mata" da mutuwar Charles Dickens. A kan kabarin mafi kyau, Wilka ya ce:
"Mun ga juna a kowace rana kuma mun ƙaunaci juna a matsayin maza na iya."
A shekaru goma da suka gabata, kiwon lafiya na Collins ya dage a hankali: Ingilishi ya kusan makanta, bai bar gidan ya rubuta tare da wahala ba. Ya zartar da iliminsa ga matasa talanti, gami da Hall ɗin Romanist Kane, kuma ya taimaka musu kare haƙƙin mallaka. A hankali, rubutu ya zama hanya don magance cuta wacce ba ta ƙyale a ƙarshe kiyaye gado. Wilki Collins kusan kammala littafin labari "ƙaunataccen ƙauna", an yi jawabi bayan rasuwarsa Walter.
Rayuwar sirri
A cikin 1857, Collins ya sadu caroline kaburbura - aka kawo a cikin wani matalauta iyali zuwa yarinyar da ta auri 'yarta hari da gwauraye. Kasancewar mahaifiyar mace ta samar da karamin shago, wanda zai zama da yawa a ciki. Ya bi da Harriet a matsayin ɗan ɗan ƙasa kuma ya taimaka mata zuwa makaranta. Bayan shekara guda, ma'aurata fara zama tare.
Marubucin bai goyi bayan Cibiyar Auren ba, amma ta kasance amintattu Caroline da Harriet, suna zaton su danginsa. Kuma matar tana son aure. Ta bar collins lokacin da ya rubuta "Dutsen Dutse", ya sha wahala daga kaifi na gout da dogaro a kan Ofiph mai suna Yusufu, amma bayan shekaru 2 ya dawo collins.
A cikin 1868, rayuwar marubucin marubucin ya wadatar da kansa tare da sanin Marta RAd, yarinya mai shekaru 19 daga yarinyar talakawa. Yara uku sun bayyana a cikin ƙungiyar: 'Ya'ya maza Marian (1869) da Harriet Constance (1869) da Harriet cuscom (1871), dan William Charles (1874).
Mutuwa
Collins wanda ya mutu a ranar 23 ga Satumba, 1889 daga yajin aikin inyam. An binne jiki a makabartar Kencal Green Green a yamma London.
A shekara ta 1895, mutuwa ta kasance caroline caroline, abokin mai aminci. Latterarshen sake nuna cewa matar ta sami kusa da miji na farar hula.
Littafi daya
- 1852 - "Basil"
- 1854 - "Game da Boye da Neman"
- 1860 - "Mace da fari"
- 1862 - "Ba a faɗi"
- 1866 - "Armadele"
- 1868 - "Lunar Dutse"
- 1870 - "Miji da matar"
- 1872 - "Rashin kyau rasa finch"
- 1875 - "doka da mace"