Biography
Walt Whitman is the American poet and the publicist of the 19th century. The works of the writer were distinguished by sensuality and innovation and broke traditional ideas about poetry. Wheatman's work had a huge impact on American and world culture.Childhood and youth
Walt was born on the last day of spring 1819 on the New York Island of Long Island. Son Parents called in honor of the Father, but reduced the name Walter to Walt. When the boy was 4 years old, the Wheatman family moved to Brooklyn. The older brother Jessie grew up with Walt, four younger brothers (three of whom were the names of American presidents) and two younger sisters.
Childhood, the writer recalled as restless and filled with deprivation. School training The guy completed at 11 years old, and then earned, serving the lawyers. Wheatman visited the Literary career of Wheatman in the printing house, librarian, teacher and editor of provincial newspapers. In the youth of Walt, walking through 17 US states.
Personal life
Whitman opposed slavery and alcoholism, served as a nurse during the civil war. Walt's diaries of the military confrontation between the North and South of the United States formed the basis of the opera Matthew Aikon "Crossroads", delivered in 2016. The poet believed that William Shakespeare is a pseudonym group of authors.In the book "Male Health and Training" Walt promoted walking and bathing without clothes, wearing beard (the poet on all photos is captured with this attribute of masculinity on the face), the adoption of sunbathing. An integral element of the personal life of every man by the "Leaf of Grass" considered masturbation.
In 1890, Walt suddenly told reporters that throughout his life was actual marriage with a woman who gave birth from him six children, two of whom died in infancy. However, the information about the lady of the writer declined.
Most biographers consider the poet of a homosexual and as Wheatman's partners point to Bill Lacquet, Harry Stenford and the tram literacted Peter Doyle. Roman Walt with actress Ellin Gray researchers believe Platonic. Orientation The poet was encrypted, replacing in the works of love the pronoun "he" on "she".
Creation
A special place in the Bibliography of Whitman is the collection of poems "Leaves of Herb", first published in 1855 by a circulation of 795 copies and the author's processed throughout his life. If the first version of the collection included 12 poems, then the latter is more than 400.
The impetus to the writing of Walt was the essay of Ralph Emerson, which explained the need to appear in the United States of the National Poet. The name of the collection is the game of words and approximately corresponds to the quotation from the poem Anna Akhmatova, written in 100 years,
"When you know, it grow poems from what kind of sera."Walt believed that poetry should be natural, like breathing, and therefore in all verses of the collection, except for one, avoided the rhymes and use of poetic sizes. Whitman is called the father of Verlibra - free verse.
The first translations of the works of Whitman into Russian fulfilled Ivan Turgenev. The greatest accuracy was achieved in the Russification of the Verlimbras of the American poet of the roots of Chukovsky.
Death
In 1873, after a stroke, the left half of the Walt body paralyzed. In 1888, the re-hemorrhage in the brain finally submitted the health of the poet. In March 1892, singer freedom died. The cause of death doctors formulated as inflammation of the lungs, grew into pleurisy.Biography of Walt and poem poet - plot-forming elements of the 20th century books ("Selected Days" Michael Cunningham, "Paper Cities" John Green), as well as films and TV shows ("Society of Dead Poets", "Diary of Memory", "In all serious "," Cardhouse "," Dr. Quen, a female doctor "). Quote from "Long Road Song" is provided in the final series of the Soviet mini-series "Smok and Kid". In 2016, Iggy Pop recorded the album The Leaves Of Grass, consisting of compositions on Wheatman poems.
Quotes
"I'm just a point, only an atom in the floating desert of the worlds" "The basis of all things is love" "I'll hang myself with a dirty earth, let me grow up my beloved grass. If you want to see me again, look for me under the soles "Bibliography
- 1842 - "Franklin Evans"
- 1852 - "Life and Adventure Jack Engla"
- 1855 - "Leaves of herbs" (1 edition)
- 1858 - "Male Health and Training"
- 1865 - "Drum Fight"
- 1871 - "Democratic Dali"
- 1876 - "Memorandums during the war"
- 1882 - "Days of samples"
- 1891 - "Leaves of herb" (7th edition)