Biography
Writer and Military Correspondent Vsevolod Vishnevsky, who participated in four wars in 50 years of life, was delivered to the title of captain of the 2nd rank. Winner of the Stalinist premium presented with Russian-speaking readers winged expression"Who else wants to try the Commissar Body?!".Childhood and youth
Seva Vishnevsky was born in St. Petersburg in the noble family. Father Vitaly Petrovich - a geodesist engineer who worked by Amermer. The boy studied in the first Petersburg gymnasium (now School No. 321, located on a socialist street). Among the graduates of the educational institution - the younger brother of the "Sun of Russian Poetry" Vasily Pushkin, Composer Mikhail Glinka, naturalist Vladimir Vernadsky, orthopedist Heinrich Tourner, as well as a parlor of Saints Leonid Chichagov (Metropolitan Seraphim).
Since childhood, Seva met the typographic and editorial work - edited the gymnasium magazine "from under the parties" and visited the publishers located in the same building as the Apartment of Vishnevsky. The story in the gymnasium was taught by Vasily Yanchevitsky (later - writer V. Yang) - Enthusiast of the scout movement. The gymnasists went to the camps and on the excavations, read the books of Louis Busenar.
The teenagers who began in 1914 were perceived as an adventure and began to run to the front. Young Vishnevsky reached the forefront with the Hsenther regiment, visited two battles, but here he learned the priest of the military unit, who had previously taught in the gymnasium the law of God. A 14-year-old fighter was sent to the rear, and after 3 days the company almost died almost completely.
Vsevolod finally passed the exams for the 5th grade and returned to the front, where in 2 months he received the St. George Cross for the courage and the resourcefulness shown in intelligence. The further biography of Vishnevsky developed rapidly. In 1916, the future writer was wounded, and he turned into a convinced Bolshevik. In 1917, the fighter returned to Petrograd and participated in the seizure of the Warsaw Station, and in March 1918, provided a safe crossing of the Bolshevik government from the Northern Capital to Moscow.
During the next year and a half, Vishnevsky served as a machine gunner on the Volga tug and fought as part of the first equestrian army headed by Semen Budenne. In 19 years, being in Novorossiysk, the guy wrote the first play "Court of Kronstadt Rebel" and put it with Black Sea sailors.
Personal life
Vsevolod Vishnevsky was very ascetic in his personal life and marriage concluded once. The wife of the playwright - the artist Sophia Vishnevetsky, previously visited Evgeny Hazin (brother of hope of Mandelstam) and the poet Nikolai Aduev, the author of the Skautov hymn "be ready!". Joint photos of Vishnevsky with his spouse are not preserved.Vsevolod Vitalyevich was a party to literary battles, opposed Mikhail Bulgakov and Mikhail Zoshchenko. The author of the "Master and Margarita" was avenged Vishnevsky, to bring the playwright in the form of Mstislava Lavrovich. It is curious that from Bulgakov got the ideological opponent of Vsevolod Vitalyevich - Leopold Averbakh, who served as a prototype of two characters - Berlioz and Critica Latunsky.
Evaluating the activities of Vishnevsky as the chief editor of the banner magazine contradictory, but the playwright printed the story of Viktor Nekrasov "Stalingrad" and Emmanuel Kazakevich "Two in the steppe", for the second publication Vsevolod Vitalyevich paid a post.
Books
In the Bibliography of the Vishnevsky special place is the play "Optimistic Tragedy", written in 1933. The name-Oxymoron came up with the work of the actress of the Chamber Theater Alis Koonen, who fulfilled its spouse - director Alexander Tairov, the central role of the Commissioner. In the center of the plot - the appointment by the Commissioner on the Fleet of Women Bolshevik.
The tragedy written by an innovative language and ending the death of heroes was repeatedly put in the USSR and abroad. In addition to Tahirov, the most famous stage embodiment of the work is the version of George Tovstonogov. In 2017, the Alexandrinsky Theater of St. Petersburg put the "revolutionary ball" based on the play of Vsevolod Vishnevsky "Optimistic tragedy".
The pies of Vishnevsky "We are from Kronstadt" became famous thanks to the emptying of Efim Dzigan. The film was highly appreciated by the director Sergei Eisenstein and the audience.
Death
Vishnevsky died on the last day of the winter of 1951, 2 months after the 50th anniversary, did not have time to add the novel "War". The cause of death of the playwright biographers do not indicate. Buried on the Vagankovsky cemetery.In Moscow, St. Petersburg and Kronstadt there are streets of Vsevolod Vishnevsky. In Soviet times, the name of the playwright was carried by the Theater of the Baltic Fleet in the city of Liepaja and sea travelers of the Black Sea and Northern Fleets.
Bibliography
- 1924 - "For the power of the Soviets"
- 1929 - "The first equestrian"
- 1931 - "In the West Fight"
- 1933 - "Optimistic tragedy"
- 1942 - "The sea spread wide"
- 1944 - "At the walls of Leningrad"
- 1949 - "Unforgettable 1919"