Biography
Classical music is a special direction that requires the creator of genius. The Russian composer and the conductor Alexander Glazunov could reproduce a complex melody from the first to the last sheet, before hearing it only once. This skill has already learned by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and the resulting skills transferred to the famous composer Dmitry Shostakovich.Childhood and youth
The hereditary nobleman Alexander Konstantinovich Glazunov was born on August 10, 1865 at the Tsarskoy St. Petersburg in the family of booksellers. Already in early childhood, he gave parents to understand that he would not continue the family case: at 9 years old, the boy learned the game on the piano, and in 11 began to compose the first musical works.
Glazunov had exceptional hearing and outstanding talent. Therefore, in 1879, the composer and the head of the "mighty bunch" Miliya Balakirev introduced the young man with Nikolai Roman-Korsakov. Under his leadership, Glazunov studied the theory of music and the composition, and in 1882 he composed the first symphony and string quartet.
Grazing education received in the 2nd St. Petersburg Real School. Now in the building is a gymnasium No. 272. Diploma composer received in 1883, and then listened to lectures at the University of St. Petersburg.
Personal life
In 1929, 64-year-old Alexander Glazunov finally arranged his personal life and married 54-year-old Olga Nikolaevna Gavrilova. Elena, her daughter from the first marriage, solired at a concert for piano with orchestra No. 2 Glazunov in Paris. The composer adopted Elena, and until his death, she wore the surname of the adoptive father.Music
In 1883, Mitrofan Belyaev's patronas drew attention to Alexander Glazunov. With his support, the young composer first visited the border and met Franz Sheet.
Soon after, Belyaev created a Belyaevsky circle - an analogue of the "mighty bunch". The union united Glazunov, Roman Corsakov, Witold Malishevsky, Anatoly Lyadov, Felix Bluemenfeld and other famous musical figures of that time. Belyaevtsy was aimed at rapprochement with the work of the West.
In 1886, Glazunov debuted as a conductor, presenting their works in Russian symphony concerts. A year later, the composer fell out the opportunity to strengthen its position in the world of classics.
In 1887, Alexander Borodin died, did not have time to complete the "Prince Igor" opera. To transfer the work on the scores entrusted the Glazunov and Roman Corsakov. Glazunov once heard the remaining fragments of the opera performed by Borodin. He was able to restore the melody from memory and orchesting it.
In 1899, Glazunov became the professor of the St. Petersburg Conservatory. The composer dedicated to this educational institution for 30 years of his biography. In 1905 he was raised to the director.
At the glazing-director, the conservatory bloomed: the opera studio appeared, the orchestra, the qualification requirements for students and teachers have tightened. Alexander Konstantinovich himself took the introductory and final exams, wrote recommendatory letters for students.
With the light hand of Glazunov, Malishevsky took the place of the director of the imperial musical classes in Odessa. The appointment turned out to be strategic: In 1913, Malishevsky founded and headed the first Odessa conservatory.
Glazunov managed to adapt to the Soviet system, even made friends with the People's Commissar of Enlightenment by Anatoly Lunacharsky and received the title "People's Artist of the RSFSR" (1922). But still the new country has failed the composer. In 1928, he left Vienna to judge the musical competition dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of Franz Schubert, and did not return anymore.
Glazunov composed music until the last day. On his account over 100 symphonic works: Sonata, Overtures, Cantathas, Fugues, Romances, etc. Among the most famous - "Symphony No. 8", the ballet "Raymond", the poem "Stenka Razin".
Death
Alexander Glazunov died on March 21, 1936 in Nyui-sur-Sen commune, not far from Paris. The cause of death is heart failure. The public was in shock: many thought that the composer left the years ago.In 1972, Glazunov's asheek was transported to Leningrad and ran into the Tikhvinsky cemetery, in the necropolis of art masters. The grave is fragrant, if you judge the photo: the Russian Orthodox Cross and the composer bust. On the tombstone is written: Alexandre Glazoun.
Musical works
- 1882 - "String Quartet number 1"
- 1885 - "Wall of Razin"
- 1889 - "Wedding procession"
- 1891 - "Kremlin"
- 1892 - "The solemn march in honor of the opening of the World Columbus exhibition in Chicago in 1893"
- 1897 - "Raimond"
- 1898 - "Baryshnya-maid, or Damis Test"
- 1905 - "Hey, fly!"
- 1906 - "Symphony number 8"
- 1916 - "Karelian Legend"
- 1921 - "Down the Mother on the Volga"