The main entertainment for Extreme lovers is not only to jump with a parachute, but also to conquer the peaks of the mountains. They pay thousands of dollars to risk life. A hundreds of people are trying to get on the highest mountain in the world every year. This vertex is Everest.
Jomolungma - the highest mountain in the world
Mount Everest height from base to sea level - 8848 meters . She is in the Himalayas, her southern peak is located along the border with the PRC. Mountain was named "Jomolungma" in honor of the goddess personiform maternal energy. The word is translated as "Divine Mother of Life Energy." Her second name is Everest, under which she is known to the whole world. He received him in honor of George Everest, who ruled the geodesic service.
Jomolungma mountain shape on the map resembles a trigger pyramid. Because of the twist of the southern part there is no snow and this side is naked. The height of the vertex was determined in 1852, when the topograph of Bengal Radhanat Sikdar produced trigonometric calculations. Indicators do not give peace by scientists and in 2019. Measurements continue, American and Italian expeditions connected.
On the mountain cold and winter, and in the summer. In July, daytime temperatures reaches -19, and in January - -36. For the vertices are characterized by sudden storms with wind gusts 160 km / h.
Who conquered Mount Everest
In 1953, the first conquest of the vertices took place. He was committed by Nepalese climber Tencing Norki and New Zelandets Edmund Hillary. Up to this point was 50 attempts that were failed. Expedition participants were able to conquer the vertices of 7000 m, but it was not further climbing. In 1950, French climbers rose to Harra Annapurna (8091 m).Norja and Hillary went on the route, which the Swiss devoted to them. Climbers used oxygen devices. The first who decided to use oxygen when climbing, began English voyage. After 1953, it was able to conquer the mountain to many climbers from different countries: the PRC, the USSR, India, the USA, etc., only men participated in a risky campaign, but in 1975 a woman from Japan rose on the mountain.
Not everyone needed in the expedition oxygen cylinders. Sherp Ang Rita in 1999 set a record: he rose 10 times to Everest without oxygen. After 20 years, the global figure broke the climber from Nepal Rita Sherpa, who conquered the top 24 times.
Not everyone submitted Everest
Until the 1970s, access to Everest was limited, but after he was removed, the number of dead rose. It all started with 5 people who did not survive after the avalanche convergence. After 4 years, 6 French participating in the expedition were killed. People who conquered the top, moved mercantility. They wanted to record their own name in the list of depressed jomolungum. Raised unusual ways to distinguish: at night, in winter, during the monsoon period, without oxygen or alone. So, the death toll grew every year.
In 1985, the commercialization of raises to Everest reached a peak when the American climber David Burshers took the expedition to the top by order of a 55-year-old businessman. Dick Bass was obsessed with the idea to conquer the highest mountains located on 7 continents. The climb was successful, the businessman issued a book about his adventures, which became a bestseller.
"The bad example is infectious," therefore, the queues of those who wish to become famous were lined up. Companies began to appear, offering maintenance services to the mountain. In 1996, a tragedy took place of 8 people's lives. The causes of the mass death called bad weather and rivalry between groups of rising. In 2019, 20 people died for spring, but it does not stop extremals from risk not to return from the expedition.
Methods of hitting the highest top of the earth
Without permission, which gives out the authorities of Nepal and Tibet, not to get to the top of Jomolungma. Get the document in Nepal is more expensive - 11 thousand dollars. In Tibet, it costs 8 thousand. Nepalese route used for climbing, more popular. But the PRC tries to keep up and created a camp more comfortable than competitors. The tents standing on Earth are equipped with the necessary equipment.In 2019, about 600 permits were issued. With respect to the 2018, this is a record. Because of the large number of conquers on Everest, traffic jams are formed. In the year, only 2 seasons for the ascent: May and September. This factor makes people hurry and go at the same time. In winter, it is dangerous to rise: in addition to low temperatures, the threat become wind.
Interesting Facts
Climbing to the top costs 100 thousand dollars. This amount includes permission, freight forwarder services and temporary refuge.
The average number of days, which will spend climbers to climb, - 40. During this time, the person loses weight of 15 kg due to the burning of fat and moisture loss.
Jomolungma Mountain turns into a landfill. Tourists leave garbage, oxygen cylinders and corpses are scattered everywhere. To evacuate a deceased person, spend 100 thousand dollars. 120 dead remained on the mountain, and they will not be transported. In the corpses, climbers are oriented in the route.
Each climb attacks irreparable harm to the environment. Climbers burn trees to warm up. Leave excreta.
In Everest, there are jumping spiders, because only they can exist at 6700 m above sea level. For a person, they are not dangerous.
In 2014, a 13-year-old girl of Purna Malawat was climbed on Jomolungma. She put a record with 72-year-old Bill Berk.
At the top of the highest mountain in the world "Catch" Twitter. In 2011, Kenton Kul climber published tweets and praise that at that moment was on Everest.
400 million years ago Top Everest was the bottom of the ocean. It still find petrified marines.
In order to save the mountain from pollution, the power of Nepal set the rule that each person who conquered the top brings with him 8 kg of garbage or pays 4 thousand dollars.
Mount Everest formed 60 million years ago.