Biography
The epicthet was an ancient philosopher, promoting the ideas of the Stoikov in Greece and continuing the activities of such matres as Diogen Babylonian and Athenodor. He argued about human nature, God and virtuous life, and also spoke about freedom, because he himself was a slave.Fate
Researchers suggest that the biography of epictics began in 55 N. NS. In the ancient Greek city of Hierapol. The name obtained at birth in the available sources was not preserved, and the nickname, under which they knew the philosopher, meant that he was "purchased."
And indeed, it was found that the scientist held young years in Rome in Rome and was bought at the involuntary market by the secretary of the emperor, whose name was Nero. The owner of the Epaffer fell badly with his property and broke his leg epicthette, this is evidenced by the photo of engravings, where the philosopher is depicted with a crutch.
This case influenced the fate of the Greek, which began to receive some relaxation, which allowed to learn from the Museum of Ruf, despite the position of the slave. And around 94, he is unknown as received freedom and, together with representatives of the philosophy of Stoicism, was expelled from Rome by order of Domitsian.
Outside Italy, epicthet settled in the city on the shores of the Ambiang Bay and founded his own school in the town called Nikopol. The sincerity of the sermons and skill of the speaker brought success to his endeavors, and soon among the scholars of Greece he began to play a leading role.
In the emperor, known as Mark, Ulping Nerva Trajan, the philosopher returned to the territory of Rome and there, speaking at open forums, became famous as an outstanding stop. By the patronage of the ruler, he had a chance to lead a peaceful existence, but preferred to live in noble poverty and used in the speeches of the clear language.
This position of the philosopher's scientist caused respect for students and followers, one of which was the Roman senator and the rich of Flavius Arrian. To a deep old age, he spent the night at the litter and used a cheap oil lamp, these conditions described Satir's Satir's book, known as Lucian.
At the end of life, according to researchers, the epicthet adopted a child's child, who brought up with the help of a woman who was probably a wife who came to him. In the 135th year, he took death for an unknown reason, and this happened, on the surviving information, on the Ionian Sea in the city of Nikopol.
Philosophy
Based on the teachings of late Stoicism, the epicthet developed his own philosophy, where a religious moral was based instead of a system of eclecticism. According to him, the opinion differ from its predecessors, all people were brothers, and in their ethics, purified from excessive severity, the scientist always emphasized this item.From such a position, the native of the hierarp considered all philosophical concepts and, arguing about the essence of the Universe, represented it in the form of two began. The first was intelligent, or logo, and the second - creative nature, and each of these equal sources produced the principles and responded for them.
Speaking about the world created by God, the epicthet ordered him a man whose body was created from dirt and endowed with a mind and soul. This thesis gave rise to thoughts of freedom concerned about the internal and external world, implying the right to choose and the ability to dispose of their own destiny.
Another concept of the teachings of the philosopher was the principle of virtuous life, where things were supposed to be correct and harmony with the first of the beginning. And for this, an accurate idea of how celers managers are controlled by the Universe, and merging with the outside world, following a specific Trawn of Rules.
The possibility of such a world order Epicate supported thoughts about human nature, according to which each individual came from the gods. This explained the existence of the ability to love and express their own feelings, as well as awareness of civil liability and the fulfillment of moral debts.
The judgments of the Stoic influenced the Roman emperor Mark Aureliya, who used his quotes in "meditations" written during the Parphic Wars. And the Neoplatonic Scientist Sympon Kiliyki composed comments to a number of prunes and expressed the opinion that they help to cope with disasters and Handrea.
Unfortunately, the very teaching of the philosopher was not recorded in the original sources and was preserved only in the "conversations" of Arrian and the collection of manuals called "Enchiridion". In addition, the heritage of the famous Greek found a place in modern works, where he was in a number of such thinkers as Seneca, Gemin and Ariston.
Bibliography
- "Conversations" (in Arrian Arrian)
- "Enchiridion" (in Arrian Arrangement)