Character History
Parsley - the hero of fairy tales, a recognizable symbol of the Russian doll-based theater, whose name is often used in a nucleation sense, as well as as the name of a separate group of glove dolls.History of character creation
Petrushki has a lot of "friends" in other countries: in France puppet mockery Nallow Polyinistille, in Germany - Casperle, in Spain - Don Cristobal, in the UK - Panch, and in Italy - Pulcinell. They have a lot of similar characteristics, but it is incorrect to consider them prototypes of the Russian hero, because Parsley is made in the form of a glove, and its foreign fellows are puppets, that is, controlled with the help of threads and hinges.
The first detailed description of the character is found in the records of the German researcher Adam Olaira, who traveled in Muscovy in 1633-1634. The creators of the doll were stray artists - scomerculos, later the tradition of ideas with glovenants continued to be boalas and the district, and for them and puppet theaters.
In the XVI century, church and state authorities tried to destroy the scenery. Presumably, it was the ban "curly" pushed artists to the invention of dolls - such entertainment was considered more harmless.
Biography and parsley image
The hero is distinguished by a piercing sighty voice, for the creation of which artists put a special peeler in their mouth. They played parsley only men. The nickname of the hero comes on behalf of Peter - in the old household miniatures, he proudly refers to Peter Ivanovich Vinegar. There is also a version that connects the name of the doll with the Ukrainian word "Porta" - "save". However, parsley began to call a doll not earlier than the middle of the XIX century, and before that he wore the name Ivan Ratatouje (or Rathew), which indicates the possible French origin of the hero. Over time, in Russia, parsley began to call all dolls put on hand.At the presentation, the puppeteer was hidden behind the sliding screen of wooden frames and sutscents, which was put on the ground. Petrushka seated from the flasks of multi-colored fabric, and the head was cut out of the tree and processed by a special vegetable liquid to look darker, "so the features of the face were noticeable at a distance. Hero's clothes became any motley rags, however, judging by the preserved pictures, most often he was dressed in a bright red caftan and canvas pants. There was an obligatory detail of a pointed firing cap: in quotations from the preserved scenes character, getting into trouble, invariably regrets about the "missing head with a cap and a tassel."
On the stage Petrushka - the personification of the brightest features of the national character: the resourceful, wiggy, sharp, not afraid of church, nor secular power and ready to fight for justice. Ancient stories are known in which the character buys a horse, visits Lekary, comes to the service soldier, chooses his wife - these household situations were closer and clearer the viewer than fantastic adventures. There was a conflict, ending with a fight with a stick and fists, which was pretty cheerful to the audience.
Presentations with the participation of Parsley were calculated more on the adult public (after all, children had no money), so they were not always decent. The references to scenes are preserved, where the hero is obsessively "stands up" the bride who liked the bride to closest relationships or ridicules the spiritual persons. At the audience, such jokes enjoyed constant popularity, although women often hurried to escape from this spectacle and lead to children with them. Artists and other coarseness were not bent: parsley monologues were full of strong words, and the scenes were often completed by the murder of enemies.
In the XX century, Parsley loses the sharpness of the language and the topical of the plot and ceases to interest the adult public. Artists-gloves become participants in the matinee and New Year trees for children, so the hero is forced to stop swearing and fighting. From the former image of the jester, only a suit and a tendency to leprosy, now harmlessly.
Parsley in culture
In 1911, Igor Stravinsky based on racing scenes with the participation of the hero created ballet "Parsley", the action of which occurs on the passenger festivities in St. Petersburg. The presentation with live and expressive music was made by the public benevolently and over time became a classic.
In 1927, Samuel Marshak wrote a Petrushka-Alien play, which used elements of traditional folk ideas.
In honor of the character, a rare genetic disease is named, also known as Angelman syndrome. Children suffering from it have a characteristic appearance with a wide mouth and protruding chin and are often laughing or smiling without visible reasons, for which this pathology and called "parsley syndrome" or "happy doll syndrome".
Quotes
Oh, my head disappeared with a cap and a tassel! What kind of doctor you are, if you ask where it hurts? Why did you study? I myself should know where it hurts! As a passport, I am Petr Ivanovich Vociusov!Bibliography
- 1927 - "Parsley-Alien"
Filmography
- 1971 - "Parsley"
- 1973 - "About Parsley"
- 2017 - "Parsley and Bogorodskaya Toy"
- 2018 - "Parsley and Kovrov toy"