Biography
Max Ernst, who had the citizenship of France and Germany, was the leading representative of the avant-garde in the 1930-1940s. Working in the style of surrealism, the artist gave tribute to Dadaism and experiments with various materials in sculptures and collages.Childhood and youth
Max Ernst was born on April 2, 1891 in Bruel in the family of a Catholic teacher who worked with deaf-and-and-and-and-the-day children. Mother was a housewife and watched numerous offspring, trying to ensure that children rose with educated and educated people.
The family was drawing, because the parent was an amateur artist, often brave Max and the Nature Brothers. The boy with curiosity considered flowers, river and trees, and his early works put on other children as an example.
In 1897, the young Ernst went to school and became interested in philosophy, highlighting it from other sciences. He read the Treatise of Max Stinner, and once and forever learned that the world's key events occur at all suddenly.
The most strong impressions because of this were the birth of sisters of Apollonia and the death of a beloved parrot, which happened on the same day. The future master decided that the baby took the life of the bird, and felt the time to go to the next step.
In 1909, Max received a scholarship in Bonn University and chose the psychology of mentally ill. He intently studied their abilities and works of art and gathered materials, which would be enough for a couple of scientific books.
As a student, Ernst became friends with many representatives of the creative professions - Heinrich Kampendoncom, Karl Fisten, Johann Kulendan and Augustus Mac. In the autobiography it was said that it was in this progressive society that he solidally decided to become an artist and thought about the personal exhibition.
Remembering the father's lessons, Ernst drew portraits and caricatures and to improve the technique, visited lectures at the Faculty of Arts. Then he sent a number of successful works in the Bonn Gallery and began to expect a reaction, filled with alarming feelings.
Personal life
During the First World War, Ernst woke up with Liza Strauss, who gave birth to Son Jimmy, and then he filed for a divorce. After a short relationship with the artist and writer Leonor, Carrington Max married an American who bought a collection of his work.Peggy Guggenheim supported the masters and managed his affairs, organizing exhibitions of numerous associates and friends. But this marriage also collapsed after a meeting with Dorothea Tanning, who made the artist happy for long days.
Painting
After early creativity was presented in the exposition expressionists, Mark was established in his own abilities and in the fact that he chose the right genre. But the First World War forced to go to the German army and inflicted a strong and cruel blow to the future masters.
In 1919, Ernst was demobilized in the rank of lieutenant and, having arrived in Cologne, became interested in the avant-garde flow of Dada. Scandals associated with shocking artists captured a young man, and he decided to try his own strength in the progressive technique of collage.
Under the fictional name of Dadamax Ernst, the newly connected Buntar did photocatalogs and satisfied the unconventional exhibitions, which included the works of mentally ill. Because of this, there was a quarrel with parents who have forbidden to appear at home, and interest in rapid creativity for some time.
However, the artist managed to get acquainted with the French like-minded Field of Eloire and Galle - a model of El Salvador Dali. He wrote a surrealistic picture called "Elephant Chabes" and then spoke with sadness that it was happy days.
In the 1920s, having moved to Paris for someone else's passport, Ernst, inspired by numerous colleagues, created a number of outstanding work. Unfortunately, in order to evaluate the "meeting of friends" and "Beautiful Saddenza", critics and art historians took no one year.
Max has never left attempts to get rich and become famous, inventing new techniques, such as frertake and boutout. He issued theatrical productions and wrote graphic novels, and also became the author of the nascent genre, called the novel-collage.
In 1931, luck smiled by the artist, and his work was rented for a personal exhibition in the United States. And then in the career of Ernst, the very fruitful period was completed, in which the talent of the painter and the sculptor was fully manifested.
On the eve of the 52nd birthday, Max wrote a symbolic picture that was divided into sections and consisted of 52 parts. After that, he created the sculpture of "Capricorn" and "Immorter", who became a living embodiment of the most bold avant-garde ideas.
Death
On April 1, 1976, the 84-year-old artist died, the causes of death were not disclosed at the request of relatives and friends. After the funeral in the Parisian cemetery, interest in the work of Ernst has grown many times, and he became the hero of documentaries, artistic works and articles.Paintings
- 1916 - "Towers"
- 1919 - "Trophy, Hypertrophored"
- 1920 - Dada-Gogen
- 1921 - "Production of bone glue"
- 1921 - "Elephant Kebal"
- 1922 - "Meeting of friends"
- 1922 - "Inner Growing"
- 1923 - "Petail or Night Revolution"
- 1937 - "Varvara"
- 1944 - "Oco silence"
- 1945 - "The Temptation of St. Anthony"
- 1969 - "Birth of the Galaxy"