At the end of the XVII century Peter I, wanting to strengthen the influence of the country at sea, ordered to create a fleet, able to withstand any enemy. From the moment that the ships were built on the decree of the first emperor of Russia, the ships were lowered, passed more than 300 years. Over the past time, the technologies for the construction of ships have changed, the ships themselves have noticeably "grown" in size, and the Russian fleet, almost deceased after the collapse of the USSR, again proudly raised the banner of one of the strongest on the globe.
Let many vessels have been created in the Soviet Union, but the newest replenishment for the RF Navy has been being prepared, and the "old Vityazi" are undergoing modernization - as it is called what the characteristics and features are the most large warship of the Russian Fleet and where they do " Reward "of the main naval giant, will tell in 24cmi.
"Admiral Fleet of the Soviet Union of Kuznetsov"
"Admiral fleet of the Soviet Union of Kuznetsov" - the largest ship in the Russian military fleet and a one-of-a-kindly aviating cruiser (TAVKR), which unites in the design of both the advantages of the aircraft carrier, on the deck of which it is possible to place and maintain 28 aircraft and 24 helicopters and Equipment with rocket weapons.Ancestors
"Kuznetsov" became the development of the project 1143 "Drain", the creators of which were the staff of the Nevsky PCB under the leadership of Arkady Marinich. On the developed drawings from 1970 to 1978, 4 aviance cruisers were built. 1143 itself is the continuation of the "Condor" line (1123), which included anti-submarine vehicles-helicopter monitor, designed to detect and destroy submarines of a probable enemy.
The vessels created under the project 1143 did not have a full-fledged landing deck - vertical takeoff and landing aircraft (SVP) were based on the Ka-26 anti-submarine helicopters and ka-27 with a total number of up to 36 pieces. But the practice of using showed the irrationality of accommodation on Yak-38 ships. The aircraft did not have an on-board radar station than the British-bomber-bombarder "Harrier" was inferior in terms of the characteristics, and was distinguished by weak weapons.
Failure to file
Due to the discovered problems with the use of SVP and the lack of superior "Yaki", the alternatives have a need for the development of ships capable of taking on board the traditional take-off-landing scheme. In total, 3 ships were created on the project finalized by 1981:- "Varyag" (1143.6), laid down in 1985 and caught after the collapse of the USSR in a unfinished state to Ukraine, who sold the "inheritance" by China, who reworked the ship to the aircraft carrier Liaoning;
- "Ulyanovsk" (1143.7), the distinguished signs of which the nuclear motor installation and the updated catapult design became, - the creation of the vessel began in 1988, but in four years the cruiser disassembled in the races due to the deplorable economic situation in the state;
- "Admiral Kuznetsov" (heavy aviance cruiser of the project 1143.5), the first "brainchild" of a modified project, whose building ended with success, was commissioned in 1991 in the composition of the Navy of the Russian Federation, in the ranks of which he carried before 2018, When it was sent to modernization and re-equipment on the Murmansk ship repair plant, where as of the beginning of 2020 make repair and re-equipment of the brand.
Goals
The main task of the 743.5 "Admiral Kuznetsova" created under the project was the performance of a protective function. The ship ensured the safety of atomic submarines in the places of combat patrol and the controversial security to the courts, was engaged in the search and destruction of the underwater and surface forces of the enemy. Also, the tasks of the aircraft cruiser included covering the landing of the landing of the forces of the marines in need. Duty near other people's shores in order to threat an aviation attack in the function prescribed by the creators of the largest ship of the Russian military fleet, not included.
Tactical and technical characteristics
With the highest displacement of 61 thousand tons of TBCR, the following dimensions are:- The length of the nose to the stern is 306 m;
- Width - 72 m in the widest place;
- Overall height - 65 m.
Catanic armor, with cabinet duplication "dry compartments", protection against torpedo consists of 3 layers. Muscular installation (Cutlubbin with 4 shafts) allows you to develop speed up to 54 km / h (29 nodes). Stroke reserve - from 4 to 9 thousand sea miles depending on speed.
On board the cruiser carries complexes of radar and navigation equipment, anti-aircraft, anti-submarine and rocket weapons and the RES complex - is currently being updated. On flight deck is allowed to be based up to 50 aircraft (SU-33, MiG-29, SU-27) and helicopters (KA-27, Ka-29).
The number of the crew is 1960 people. Duration of autonomous diving - 45 days.
Interesting Facts
From the miser digits of the characteristics to move to the most interesting - curious facts associated with the heavy aircraft cruiser "Admiral Kuznetsov".
Operational pseudonym
His current name is the largest military ship of the Russian fleet not immediately. When designing in the KB, the ship was planned to call the Soviet Union. At the laying stage, the decision was revised - the ship received the name "Riga".But during the construction, the first secretary of the CPSU Central Committee died on November 10, 1982. In connection with the tragedy on November 22, the cruiser was renamed Leonid Brezhnev, giving a tribute to the memory of the country's leader. With the name of the former Secretary General on board the TAVKR and descended on the water on December 4, 1985 - the completion continued on the afloat.
In August 1987, the fleet's leadership decided to "overnight" the ship once again - now the cruiser-aircraft carrier turned into Tbilisi. Under the name of the capital of the Georgian SSR, the ship passed until the end in the 1990th tests, after which, on October 4, was named after Nikolai Gerasimovich Kuznetsov - had the title of Hero of the Soviet Union Admiral, who headed the USSR Navy from 1939 to 1946 and from 1951 to 1953.
Sample plumage
Until 1989, only helicopters and SVP took off from the deck of Soviet ships. On November 1, during the tests, at the deck then Tbilisi made the first horizontal landing the Su-27K plane under the control of the test pilot Viktor Pugacheva. And the first to take off with the brand, MiG-29K with Toktar Aubacirov as a pilot was departed.
Useful incident
Prisoner in 1936, the Convention Montreux concerning the control of Bosphorus and Dardanelles, prohibits the passage of the aircraft carriers in the water of the Black Sea, leaving the right to visit the linear ships. At the same time, the contract is registered that if the actions of aviation is not the main purpose of the ship, then, even being equipped with flight deck, such a vessel is not considered an aircraft carrier. Constructive features, weapons of rockets and classification as a "Avianest Cruiser" makes the "Admiral Kuznetsov" the only aircraft carrier, which is permitted to be present in the waters of the Black Sea.Phoenix
In December 2019, when passing a cruiser of modernization and re-equipment at the Murmansk ship repair plant, a 600 square meter fire arose on the ship. m, whose elimination had to spend a day. As a result of the incident, 2 people died, and 12 received burns and injuries. The incident has shifted the deadlines for the renewal of the cruiser for the year.
Quiet sare in Europe, or about traitors
In the ranks of the Northern Fleet, where the "Kuznetsova" officially enrolled in January 1991, but the vessel remained in the waters near Sevastopol. However, in November, the ship commander Viktor Yarygin was received by the telegraph message from Leonid Kravchuk, who headed the Ukrainian Verkhovna Rada, which indicated that the brand belongs to Ukraine and must remain in its territorial waters.
The commander took into account that the referendum on independence has not yet been conducted and such state education, as Ukraine, has not yet existed, and decided to act in accordance with the prescriptions of the Fleet leadership of the USSR and personally who arrived by the counter-admiral officer Yury Ustimno.
On the night of November 30, "Kuznetsov" left Sevastopol raid and headed for Bosphorus. For 25 days, having encouraged Europe, the aviance cruiser arrived in Viyeevo.
Part of the pilots and aircraft with a ship in swimming did not leave, remaining in Sevastopol. Some refused to swig in Ukraine and subsequently amounted to the basis of the 279th Russian regiment of ship aviation. And the Ukrainian oath accepted soon fired - the country did not have aviance ships.