Biography
Surname Dmitry Pozhaskiy is familiar to anyone who saw the famous monument on the Red Square of Moscow, where the prince is depicted for a couple with a folk militia companion by Kuzma mini. The feat of the militia, the basis of the public holiday - the Day of People's Unity, which is celebrated annually by Russians in a commemorative date - November 4.Childhood and youth
Prince Dmitry was born in 1578. His father Mikhail Fedorovich Pozharsky was the descendant of Rurikovich. Among his famous ancestors are Yuri Dolgoruky. Mother Maria (Efrosinia) Beklemishev also belonged to the noble genus and had grown up to the status of the Verkhovna Boyruck of the Moscow Tsarian Yard.
Three sons and daughter of Daria were born in the family, the eldest of everyone. Following her a boy appeared, whom the goat was cried, but in the world called Dmitry in honor of St. Dimitri Solunsky, whose memory is celebrated on November 8. The junior brothers Prince called Vasily and Yuri, the latter died still a child. Historians believe that the Pozhars has been taught from the early years. At least, the documents for the property after the death of the father, Prince Dmitry signed himself personally, and it was for the moment 9 years.
It is assumed that the family lived in the Suzdal county, where the family tomb is located in the Spaso-Evfimiyev monastery. There in 1587 buried the Father, and a lot later and the mother. After the death of Mikhail Fedorovich, the princess with children moved to Moscow, where they had a house on Sretenka, who was inherited from his grandfather.
Mother made a career at the courtyard: Starting from the position of the boyfriend at the daughter of King Boris Godunova, the woman became among the Moscow nobility of the influential special, whose advice had influenced the opinion of the monarch of the monarch and the fate of their subordinates. Her son Dmitry began the palace service at the age of 15 in the rank of Stranat with the dress. Mother and son often fell into disfavor to the king Boris, as a woman did not bother on the hunter and denunciation, leading court games. By 1602, Pozharsky became a mustbow.
Personal life
According to the reviews of contemporaries and historical documents, the psychological portrait of the hero of Russia is evaluated exclusively from positive qualities. Highly educated, generous and fair, the Pozharsha was deprived of a tricky and arrogance, and therefore is described as a person worthy and pious in nature.Prince Dmitry married Praskovye Bartholomeevna, who gave him six children - the sons of Peter, Fedor, Ivan and the daughters of Ksenia, Anastasia and Elena. All girls were married to the boyars and the governor, and sons were engaged in the court service. Two siblings of the prince was destined to survive, as well as a spouse that died in 1635.
The 57-year-old Widower tried to happiness in his personal life for the second time, marrying the Princess Feodore Andreyevna Golitsyn, with which he lived until death. The children did not give birth to a new spouse, but herself left his life in 1651.
Service
The Prince of Pozharsha's service fell on the years of Liphethey. For his career, a man managed to see more than once as the royal throne moves from hand to hand. Moreover, it was often claimed by persons who were not hereditary rights. Began to serve Prince Dmitry at Boris Godunov.
In 1605, after the death of Tsar Boris, Lhadmitriy I came to power, during whose reign of which the prince continues to serve as a slap - to serve royal dinners. In May 1606, the killed impostor on the throne was replaced by Vasily Shuisky, and the Pozharsky was among those who swore a new king. In Russia, confused times came: Lhadmitry multiplied as mushrooms after the rain, Poles and Lithuanians ruined the cities and villages, in the Cossacks and the peasants were strongly discontent, which was poured into the riots.
One of these uprisings, held under the leadership of Ivan Bolotnikov, suppressed and Prince Pozharsky. He remembered the oath of loyalty given to Vasily Shui, although he was repeatedly shot to the royal coup. Dmitry Mikhailovich received the rank of Zaraiasky governor in 1609, and his role in troubled time is difficult to overestimate. The prince refused to recognize Falgestmitria II and, together with the inhabitants of Zagaisk, hunger in a siege city.
He did not accept the decisions of the Boyar Duma, which, after the overall, Vasily Shuisky called on the reign of the Polish Kingdom of Vladislav to Moscow. Equally thought with fire and governors of other cities, which united in a folk militia and led their ranks to the capital to help Muscovites knock out hated Poles from the Kremlin.
Liberation of Moscow
By February, 1611, the troops of the militia, where the warriors from Nizhny Novgorod, Ryazan, Kostroma, Vologda, Galic, Vladimir, Kazan and other cities, approached Moscow. Prince Pozharsky also entered the ranks of the militia, which exceeded 1,200 people. During the March uprising on the streets of the capital, Dmitry Mikhailovich was injured and was taken out in Trinity-Sergiev Lavra, and from there to his estate, where he was recovered from injury.At this time, the first militia was faded without achieving the result. Patriarch Hermogen, sharpened by the Poles in the miracles of the monastery, made a diploma to the Russian people, calling for the fight to the ingenians, sought in the Kremlin. His appeal was supported by Archimandrite Trinity-Sergiye Lavra Dionysius. Previously, the inhabitants of Nizhny Novgorod responded to others, which, with the supply of Zube's heads, Kuzma mini began to prepare for the second folk militia.
Nizhny Novgorod ambassadors went to the estate of Prince Pozharski to ask that become their commander when the liberation of Moscow. The prince with the army spoke from Nizhny Novgorod towards the capital in the spring of 1612, racing the number of militia in fair cities and villages. Fishers' comrades were freed from Polyakov Yaroslavl. At the end of August, the national militia entered into battles with Polish and Lithuanian troops in Moscow. The struggle was delayed for a couple of months, and finally, ingenians left the Kremlin walls only on November 1, 1612.
In 1613, the Zemsky Cathedral decided to elect the king of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanova. One of the main persons of the cathedral was the liberator of Moscow Prince Pozharsky, for his feat was built in Chin Boyharin and awarded victim with the estates. Mikhail Dmitrievich, Mikhail, continued with the new monarch. In addition, he collected taxes in the treasury, led diplomatic negotiations and headed the vessel order - the main judicial body of the Russian kingdom.
Death
Prince Pozharsky continued the service at the courtyard in advanced for the measures of age for 60 years. By the time he was among the richest and influential people of his time. Dmitry Mikhailovich died in 1642, the cause of the death of historians is silent. The grave of the famous prince is located in the generic tomb of the Spaso-Evfimiye monastery of the city of Suzdal.
Memory
- Monuments in Moscow, Suzdal, Zaraysk and other cities are elevated in honor of the prince.
- The name of Dmitry Pozharsky is wearing one of Moscow universities.
- Water vessels, including submarine, cruiser, motor ship and icebreaker are named after Prince-Liberator.
- In a number of cities of Russia there are streets wearing the name of Prince.