Biography
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Mandelshtam - the spouse of Osip Mandelstam, became famous as the author of memoirs and journalistic stories. The correspondence of the educated woman with outstanding writers and other published works are interested in hundreds of people.Childhood and youth
Nadezhda Yakovlevna Khazina, formerly a Jew for nationality, was born in Saratov in 1899. The ancestors of the Russian writer, people educated and wealthy, did not know what the habit of deprivation and physical work.
The father of Jacob Arkadyevich Khazin in his youth adopted Orthodoxy, and his bride Rebekka Rakhlin continued to confess Judaism. Therefore, we accounted for a man and a woman in France, a country where liberalism was established at the end of the XIX century.
Children began to appear in the legal civil marriage, Nadi had two brothers and the only older sister. Alexander, Yevgeny and Anna, who had a significant difference in age, felt the love of parents, raising in the atmosphere of good.
In the Khazin family, all members tried to benefit, so the mother began to learn, putting babies on their feet. She graduated from medical courses in the specialty "Gynecology" and became in the local hospital to treat in need of people.
The senior representative of the name served as a jury in the judicial chamber, believing a master of his case, he traveled in different cities. At the very beginning of the 20th century, he transported relatives to Kiev, where the wife and children teenagers joined the cultural circles.
At the age of 10, the hope became a listener of a private women's gymnasium, distinguished by a balanced program, suitable students of both sexes. The girl was interested in history, geography and physics, but did not have natural abilities for the study of foreign languages.
This prevented a future writer to communicate with the inhabitants of abroad, when a big family went beyond the limits of his native country. But with the subsequent receipt of the University of St. Vladimir, the knowledge gained in childhood turned out to be not very necessary.
In the years of the October Revolution, hope, to the disappointment of parents, threw the faculty of jurisprudence and joined the world of arts. She often appeared in the workshops of avant-garde artists, gladly plunging into the atmosphere of genuine human feelings.
Personal life
In the spring of 1919, Nadezhda met the future husband. Meeting with Osipom Mandelstam occurred in the Elite Club "H.L.M.M.". The fragile intelligent girl engaged in painting, stand out on a motley background of those who are not indifferent to the work of the ladies.Love for modern poetry influenced Hazin's personal life, for a native of distant Warsaw, she became a muse and wife. The surrounding, frankly admiring the nominated novel, did not doubt that after the wedding, young would become a friendly family.
However, for many months before the official ceremony, Osip left the beloved, fleeing from the wrath of the Bolsheviks. I failed to cope with loneliness, he returned to Kiev for hope in the early 1920s.
As a result, the talented spectacular pair, submitted the relationship, settled in St. Petersburg and fell into the world of great minds. The girl quickly adapted to the bushes of modern society and revealed with numerous members of literary circles.
Khazin could not boast a good figure and an attractive appearance, so with time the husband had a one-way novel. Olga Waxel on nicknamed the buttercup did not break the Mandelstam family, won the respect of the natives of Saratov and be friends with her ladies.
In the adulthood, Nadezhda Yakovlevna suffered from tuberculosis, went on the coast to gain physical forces. At this time, Osip Emilevich participated in poetic parties: in the absence of a legitimate spouse he was entertained.
In the mid-30s, Mandelstam's wife set off following his spouse in the link: the poet was arrested and condemned for the anti-Soviet poems. Nadezhda Yakovlevna passionately wanted to achieve mitigation of punishment, but she was not allowed on the indifferent officials of the middle hand.
Shortly before the tragic death of the literary star of St. Petersburg, a native of Saratov wrote her husband last touching letter. Throughout a long time, keeping the works of Mandelstam, she hoped that they would remove the shameful forbidden stigma.
Creation
At the beginning of the 40s, Nadezhda Yakovlevna was hiding from the enemies of the spouse, and then in the Soviet Union began the Great Patriotic War. Moving from the city to the city during the "rapid evacuation" allowed a woman to see how much a country is huge.
The poetess Anna Akhmatova cared for the fate of the widow of Mandelstam, she helped move into a calm and well-filled Asian Tashkent. It was there that the owner of the archive of Osipa Emilevich gathered with the Spirit and graduated from the State University.
In peacetime, the daughter of Jews, reunited with the family, worked as a teacher of English. In the mid-1960s, the assured woman decided to devote the remaining days.
In the Moscow apartment in the south-west, the contemporary of Joseph Brodsky worked on the book "Memories" on the basis of his own diaries. After publishing a work in the United States of America, Nadezhda Mandelstam again became an important part of cultural circles.
After the release of memoirs, an active controversy with Nikolai Ivanovich Hardzhiev began, the author of journalistic works. The writer did not like the superficial comments to the poems of the spouse, and she proposed her own in the mid-1970s.
The original bibliography of hope was replenished with the publishing "The Second Book", glorified on a par with the creation of "My husband - Osip Mandelshtam." These compilations of quotes and letters dealt with art form were regarded grateful readers as a nominous novel.
After the death of Anna Ahmatova, a long-standing friend dedicated a poetess book full of sincere love. Critics, familiar with the manuscript shortly before the publication, noted that the images help to see distant past days.
Death
After the publication of the "second book", the health of hope Yakovlevna began to worsen, she spent a lot of time at home in the company of close people. Avoiding diseases associated with age, the spouse of Osip Mandelstam, as necessary, resorted to the consultations of experienced doctors.In the early 1980s, a woman was forbidden to get up from bed, because of the body dysfunction, it could neither read or write. Next to the writer, friends and experienced nurses were on duty, who two times should have replaced each other twice.
The cause of death of hope Yakovlevna became heart failure, a native of Saratov left the age of 80. In the service before the funeral held in the Orthodox Moscow Church, colleagues were colleagues, which presented cultural light.
The poetess Bella Ahmadulin, who appreciated the creativity of the writer, recalled that during the ceremony, thunder suddenly rushed. Flash against the background of the January sky forced those present to think about what happened to them before and what could happen later.
Bibliography
- 1970 - "Memories"
- 1972 - "Second Book"
- 1976 - "On Akhmatova"
- 1978 - "Third Book"
Memory
- Emma Gerstein "Nadezhda Yakovlevna"
- Karl Proffficer "Nadezhda Mandelshtam"
- Monument to Posip and Nadezhda Mandelshtam in St. Petersburg
- Monument to the mask and hope of Mandelstam in Amsterdam
- Performance of the Moscow Theater on the embankment "Zadnichnaya Country"
- The project of the TV channel "Culture" - "The mystery of the archive of Mandelstam. Sony Bogatyreva's story
- The film-biography of Roma Lieberova "Save my speech forever"