Character History
Tovit (emphasis on the second syllable) - a biblical character mentioned in the non-canonical book, which is part of the Old Testament. The researchers did not find reliable evidence of authorship, although it is believed that this work is written by the hero.History of character creation
As a result of excavations on the West Bank of the Jordan River, Archaeologists found fragments of Tobit's book in Jewish and Aramaic languages. Bibleists are mostly confident that the original was created on Aramaic, although there are no direct evidence.
The translation of the manuscript to the Latin language belongs to Sofronia by Eussesia Jeronim. He subsequently insisted that this biblical work is to exclude from the list of canonical literature. Until our time, options with the Greek translation in three editions were reached.
The work of Jerome, which, as it is believed, was based on the original source, recognize the author's version. After all, the church writer made quite a lot of comments and changes.
As for the time of drawing up, the Tovite book is supposedly dated to the VI century BC. NS. As well as the belonging to someone, this question has repeatedly suffered. It is also assumed that the manuscript is created by another person at the venue of Archangel Rafail.
In Catholicism and Orthodoxy, it is part of the Old Testament, but is considered non-canonical. But in the Jewish Bible it is not, the work is ranked towards apokrifam, as well as in Protestantism.
In any case, the book is an important historical monument in which information about the state of the Israeli people in Assyrian captivity has been preserved. The consequences were manifested both externally and internally: the decline of morality was traced, idolatry occurred.
The purpose of the work is a visual example of the life of pious Tudita to demonstrate the importance of honoring God, virtue and patience. Accordingly, the text of the manuscript does not lose relevance. Fathers churches appeal to the book, enjoy quotes in sermons and open the true interpretation of instructive work.
Image and Biography Tudita
The central character was distinguished by righteousness and humble lifestyle. Even in captivity, I did not forget God and constantly turned with a prayer to the creator. There was a lot of tests on the fate of the hero, starting with the persecution by the Assyrian ruler and ending with blindness.Initially, the man was rich, traded and tried to help once begging food and clothing. Also, the pious Jew engaged in burials. For this Assyrian king Sennachirim sentenced him to death. He was forced to hide, but at the same time did not cease to do good for others.
The story begins from the moment Anna's wife prepared a hero dinner. Tovit, seeing the covered table, asked the son of Toviya to go outside and bring the poor to divide food with him.
Tovia was listened to her father, but he returned with sad Westons - on one of the streets lay the explosive Jew. The head of the family did not eat the disasters, but went and took the body of a man, burying him then in all customs.
After not dreamed of entering my home, as it was wicked, therefore lay down in the yard. The hero did not notice how the excrement of birds fell into his eyes, and the next morning.
It was hard to live a family, none of the doctors were able to return the vision of a man. The spouse tried with all his might - spun wool, for it received payment. Once a woman returned home with a goat. Tobovit did not delighted the gift and demanded from the companion to returned the animal back. Anna responded, convincing that this is a reward for pious behavior. And then the hero was crying, wasting about the forgiveness of sins.
There was time, it all became bad with the feed. I remembered Tovia's father about silver, which gave loan to Hawaila. The man decided to send her son to a long journey to Midiy Ragie. But commanded the young man to take himself the accompanying.
Tovia found a partner who introduced himself as Azarya from the genus Anania. Blessed their head of the family, and they went down. Neither he nor the Son knew that on the road was not anyone else like Archangel Rafail. He heard the prayers of the head of the family, as well as the unfortunate girl of Sarah, whose grooms died in a wedding night, and decided to help both.
The journey turned out to be long, but successful. Angel led Tovia to the house of Raguil, Father Sarra, and agreed on the wedding of young. Then he taught the newlyweds, how to expel the evil Demon Asmady. He himself went to Hawaila and took silver.
Raguil's trades were detained. Anna already mentally buried her son and did not sleep at night, not believing that he would return alive. Prayers of the Father and Mother were heard, and Tovia came home not only unscathed, but also with his wife, bred and silver.
Moreover, Tudita, the young man cured from blindness, rub his eyes with fish bile. Thanked the man of God for forgiveness and salvation and commanded generously to pay with Azarius. The same revealed his personality and punished his father and to sland the Most High and write about the wonders of the book.
The last 2 chapters of the manuscript contain a message to people from the author, in which a pious Jew calls to live in the covenants, do not sin and reclaim the mercy of God.
Tovit in culture
Artists in Renaissance Italy appealed to the biblical plot. Pictures depicting the cure of the blind character often ordered those who suffered from the same ailment in the hope that it would return vision.
Motives used such famous painters like Rafael, Titian and Botticelli. Italian artist Strozzy Bernardo wrote "Healing Tobit" (1632), demonstrating the moment in a few seconds to a miracle. At the picture, the author pays close attention to emotions - the tense wait for the father, frightened hope of Anna. Anxiety Aura was perfectly transferred through the unusual color and texture of the canvas.
Dutch artist Rembrandt Wang Rhine captured another scene in which the wife brought home the goat. Picture "Tovit and Anna with Yagnenk" dated 1626-1627 years. A blind hero sits, folding his hands in a prayer gesture. His eyes who do not see the light are addressed to God - a man is afraid that the spouse took a sin to the soul, and trying to arrange forgiveness from the Most High.
Another picture of Rembrandt demonstrates a wonderful expectation of his parents - they are in a meeting with the only son. The darkness of the housing is illuminated by sunlight from the window, which symbolizes the hope of the father to see the heir to alive. Today it is a canvas located at the Boimans Museum - Wang Bengenna in Rotterdam.
In the picture "Angel Rafail leaves Tovita and his family" a man fell on his knees, thanks to the heavenly envoy.
Interesting Facts
- The plot about Sarre and Asmade, the girl's hardened husbands, was used by Mikhail Yurevich Lermontov in the "Demon" poem.
- The meaning of the name of the biblical character is "good."
- According to one of the versions, the burial of the corpse has parallels with the motive of the "Noble Deadman", which was traced in Russian fairy tales.
Quotes
"Not sad ... He will come healthy, and your eyes will see him, for he will be a good angel; Its path will be ashamed, and he will return healthy "" You follow the law and commandments and be a lovelifting and fair to be good for you. I am decently funerally, and your mother with me, and then do not stay in Ninevia "Bibliography
- II century BC E - "Tovita book"