Biography
Fate sometimes sends a man there, where he and only he can help other people. When a trolleybus fell to the Yerevan reservoir in 1976, the witness of the tragic incident was the seven-time champion of the USSR on scuba swimming chamber Karapetyan. Thanks to the heroism and sports skills, the record holders of 20 passengers were saved. 33 years before that, a psychiatrist and a neurologist, a specialist in preventing suicide prevent Viktor Frankl, was near the prisoners of the concentration camp.Childhood and youth
The founder of the logotherapy was born on March 26, 1905 in the capital of Austria-Hungary. Victor Emil was the second of three children in the family of an official of the Ministry of Social Protection of Gabriel Frankl and his wife Elza. Parents of the psychologist, his older brother and younger sister by nationality were Jews.
The first fights Mother Victor felt in the cafe "Siller", and appeared on the light and spent the childhood Frankon in the house 6 on the street Chernin. Through the road, in the house 7 on the same street, a psychiatrist lived and the philosopher, the founder of the Second Vienna School Alfred Adler.
Embed from getty imagesVictor's mother recalled as an exceptionally kind-hearted woman, and the main features of the father were decency and scrupulousness. Gabriel was quick-tempered and once in a rummy anger broke about the back of the younger son Alpine cane. However, thanks to the justice of the man and his confidence in their forces, all family members lived in the sense of security.
In 3 years, Victor wanted to become a doctor. A year later, the boy told his parents that came up with how to create medicines. According to 4-year-old Frankl, therefore, it was necessary to find people who decided to part with life and therefore sick. The child recommended that the potential suicides of the "drugs" like gasoline and Gutalina. That means after the reception of which the patient will cure, and there is a medicine.
In adolescence, a great place in the life of Victor took a game of amateur performances that put his brother. Even before the completion of the gymnasium, the young man wrote a treatise "Psychology of philosophical thinking." Higher education Franklis received at the Medical Faculty of the University of Vienna. Neurology and psychiatry became a specialization of a young doctor.
Personal life
The curtain over the secret relationship of the sexes of the brothers Frankli opened the maid, which allowed adolescents to undress her and struggle to the body. In the high school classes, Victor thought that, married, would stop sleeping to spend all the night hours on the joy of personal life.At the end of 1941, the doctor married her nurse Tilly Grosser. The woman soon became pregnant, but in the situation of the growing repression towards the Jews, the spouses preferred to make an abortion. Tilly, as Parents and Brother, Viktor, did not return from fascist concentration camps. Love for his wife and imaginary conversations with her supported Frankl in the most severe moments of imprisonment. The book of the psychologist "Doctor and Soul" is dedicated to the "Dead Tilly".
Embed from getty imagesIn 1947, Victor took married Catholic Eleonor Catarina Schwindt, with which he lived until the end of his life. The spouses treated respectfully to the religions of each other, together attended the church and synagogue, celebrated Christmas and Purim.
The daughter later became a child psychologist, Victor and Eleanor called Gabriel's doctor in honor of the father. Franklie managed to participate in the upbringing of catharina's grandchildren and Alexander and see the grazing of Anna Victoria.
The psychologist adored strong coffee and ties. All trips took caffeine tablets in case the cafe will not be able to brew a fairly strong drink. Ties Frankli admired the shop windows, even in cases where it was not going to buy them.
Victor composed music (Elegy and melodies in the rhythm tango). The scientist perfectly understood in the rims (on most photos the philosopher is captured in glasses), appreciated the humor and the game of words, and lectures decorated with bikes and jokes.
Scientific activity
In the 20s of the 20th century, Frankl has developed a program of psychological support of students. From the 1933th, a young doctor was led by a suicide prevention department in one of the Vienna Clinics. Thanks to the psychological assistance of Frankl, about 30 thousand women got rid of thoughts about suicide.
After Austria's anchlus, Hitler, Jewish doctors forbidden to treat Aryan patients. In 1938-1939, Frankli was engaged in private practice, and in 1940 he headed the neurological department of the Rothschild clinic - the only hospital, where Jews were allowed to be treated. Viktor had to work not only by a psychiatrist, but also neurosurgeon.
In 1941, a man was invited to the US consulate and offered an American visa. The doctor refused: he did not want to leave without the help of elderly parents. The first place of the conclusion of Victor became Teresienstadt in the Czech Republic, where he fell in the fall of 1942 and where his mother and father were already located.
It was an exemplary camp that the Nazis was called a pension for the elderly Jews and demonstrated the Commissions of the Red Cross. In Teresienstadt, the synagogue functioned, the performances and exhibitions were performed.
The secret of "Humanism" of the Nazis was simple - the prisoners of the "exemplary pension" eventually sent to the death camps. So it came out with the Mother of Frankl, who died in Auschwitz. In October 1944, Victor also sent to Auschwitz, but in a week she was transferred to Türheim - one of the camps of the Dahau system.
Embed from getty imagesIn all places of conclusion, the prisoner was on a par with other prisoners performed a heavy physical work, in particular, the rails laid. But in the evenings, Dr. Healing the soul of his comrades in misfortune helped find an answer to the question of which now the meaning of their life, he lectured on mountaineering and psychology.
The doctor taught the arresting method of autotraining - they represented how all the tests would pass and reunite with their families. On the own experience and experience of other prisoners, Frankl came to the conclusion that "will to meaning" is a "subconscious God" of every person who helps him live and maintain dignity. Victor outlined this theory in the book "Man in search of meaning" and other works.
On April 27, 1945, Franklé and other surviving prisoners of Türheim liberated the US troops. Already in 1946, the scientist expressed the idea of reconciliation. The psychologist rejected the theory of the collective responsibility of the German people for Nazism. According to the memories of Frankl, among the guards of the camp, except for the sadists and indifferent performers, there were sabota of criminal orders, to make it easier for the life of prisoners.
From 1946 to 1971, Victor headed the Vienna Psychotherapeutic Clinic. Among the methods of psychotherapy developed by Franklom - treatment from the opposite (patients who quickly forgetting the information was proposed to become world forgetful world champions, and their memory improved) and logotherapy (patients inspired that they are smarter, more relaxed, more efficient than they were In fact, and gradually people became better).
Death
Frankon died on September 2, 1997. The cause of the death of a scientist has become heart failure. The grave of the generic team of humanistic psychology is located at the Staro-Engine section of the Central Cemetery of Vienna.Embed from getty imagesViktor Frankl Museum opened in the capital of Austria a day of the 110th anniversary of the scientist. In February 2019, the portrait of a psychologist engraved on a commemorative coin the dignity of € 50 issued in the Vienna Schools in Psychology series.
In 2015, on the Russian TV channel "Culture" in the series "Biblical stories" came out the film "Viktor Frank. "Timate the life" Yes "!". In August 2018, a 3-minute cartoon about biographies and the teaching of the former Uzvwitzim prisoner was removed for the World Congress for Logotherapy in Moscow. The creators of the tape were inspired by the book of Frankl "Tell me the life" yes! ". Psychologist in the concentration camp. "
Quotes
- "In the end, God, if it is, is more important, you are a good person than you believe in it or not."
- "If you ask you about something, you should answer as truthfully as possible, but about what is not asked, it is better to be silent."
- "No one has the right to be needed to imagine, even the one who suffered from the cureness, and suffered very cruelly."
- "Happiness is like a butterfly - the more I caress, the more it eludes. But if you postpone your attention to other things, it will come and sniffs quietly to you on the shoulder. "
- "The hardest situation is just gives a person the opportunity to internally raise over himself."
Bibliography
- 1946 - "Timate the life" Yes ": a psychologist in the concentration camp"
- 1946 - "Basics of Logotherapy"
- 1947 - "Psychotherapy in practice"
- 1948 - "Psychotherapy and Religion"
- 1949 - "Man in search of meaning"
- 1955 - "Doctor and Soul"
- 1956 - "Logotherapy and existential analysis: articles and lectures"
- 1956 - "Theory and therapy of neurosis: Introduction to Logotherapy and Existential Analysis"